Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
5674591
195422596
2008-03-02T22:50:50Z
Wafulz
1091232
context seems fine
{{Protbox
|Name= SMAD, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
|Photo=SMAD3_SMAD4_COMPLEX.png
|Caption=Crystal Structure of the Phosphorylated Smad3SMAD4 Heterotrimeric Complex
|Gene = [[HUGO]] code:[http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/data/get_data.php?hgnc_id=HGNC:6769 SMAD3]
|Structure =
|Review =[http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146%2Fannurev.biochem.67.1.753 TGFβ signal transduction]
|Type=[[R-SMAD]]
|Functions= [[signal transduction]], [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]] regulator
|Domains= [[MH1]], [[MH2]]
|Diseases=
|Taxa = ''[[Homo sapiens]]''; homologous proteins many [[metazoan]] [[phylum (biology)|phyla]]
| Cells =
| Location = Primary:[[cell nucleus|nucleus]], Alternative:[[cytoplasm]]
|Mods= [[phosphorylation]]
|Names='''SMAD 3 , Mothers against DPP homolog 3, Mad3, hMAD-3, JV15-2, hSMAD3'''
|Interactions=
|Pages=
}}
'''SMAD3''' or '''Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3''' is a [[gene]] which appears in [[humans]] on [[chromosome]] 15. It is one of several human [[homology (biology)|homologues]] of a gene which was originally discovered in the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila|Drosophila melanogaster]]''.
The name SMAD3 also refers to a member of the [[SMAD (protein)|SMAD]] family of proteins.
==SMAD3 gene==
The SMAD3 gene [[Genetic code|codes]] for the SMAD3 protein. It consists of 9 [[exons]] over 129,339 [[base pairs]].
In mice, mutation of SMAD3 has been [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=603109 associated] with [[colorectal adenocarcinoma]], increased systemic [[inflammation]], and accelerated [[wound]] healing. There is no conclusive evidence of similar activity in humans, however. A 2002 study investigated possible links between SMAD3 mutation and [[cancer]] of the [[pancreas]] and [[parathyroid]] gland, but found no connection. Increased SMAD3 activity has, however, been implicated in the [[pathogenesis]] of [[scleroderma]].
The [[herpes simplex]] [[virus]] can downregulate SMAD3 using the Lat [[transcription factor]], even while the virus is in a latent state.
A [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NC_000015.8&from=65145249&to=65274587&dopt=gb reference assembly] of SMAD3 is available.
==SMAD3 protein==
'''SMAD3''' or '''Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3''' is a [[polypeptide]] that, as its name describes, is a [[homology (biology)|homolog]] of the ''[[Drosophila]]'' protein "[[Mothers against decapentaplegic]]". It belongs to the [[SMAD (protein)|SMAD]] family of proteins, which belong to the [[transforming growth factor beta|TGFβ]] superfamily of modulators. Like many other TGFβ family members, SMAD3 is involved in [[cell signalling]]. SMAD3 modulates signals of [[activin]] and TGFβ's. Binding of this protein with [[SMAD4]] enables its transmigration into the nucleus where it forms complexes with other proteins and acts as a [[transcription factor]]. SMAD3 is a receptor-regulated SMAD ([[R-SMAD]]).
==Nomenclature==
The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the ''Drosophila'' protein "mothers against decapentaplegic" (MAD) and the ''[[C. elegans]]'' protein SMA. The name is a combination of the two. During ''Drosophila'' research, it was found that a mutation in the gene ''MAD'' in the mother repressed the gene ''[[decapentaplegic]]'' in the embryo. The phrase "Mothers against" was inspired by organizations formed by mothers to oppose social problems, such as [[Mothers Against Drunk Driving]] (MADD).
{|{{protein
| Name =
| caption =
| image =
| width =
| HGNCid = 6769
| Symbol = SMAD3
| AltSymbols = MADH3
| EntrezGene = 4088
| OMIM = 603109
| RefSeq = NM_005902
| UniProt = P84022
| PDB =
| ECnumber =
| Chromosome = 15
| Arm = q
| Band = 22.33
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}
<br/>
{{TGF beta signaling}}
[[Category:Proteins]]
[[Category:Developmental biology]]
[[Category:MH1 domain]]
[[Category:MH2 domain]]
[[Category:R-SMAD]]
{{molecular-cell-biology-stub}}