Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 5674591 195422596 2008-03-02T22:50:50Z Wafulz 1091232 context seems fine {{Protbox |Name= SMAD, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 |Photo=SMAD3_SMAD4_COMPLEX.png |Caption=Crystal Structure of the Phosphorylated Smad3SMAD4 Heterotrimeric Complex |Gene = [[HUGO]] code:[http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/nomenclature/data/get_data.php?hgnc_id=HGNC:6769 SMAD3] |Structure = |Review =[http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146%2Fannurev.biochem.67.1.753 TGFβ signal transduction] |Type=[[R-SMAD]] |Functions= [[signal transduction]], [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]] regulator |Domains= [[MH1]], [[MH2]] |Diseases= |Taxa = ''[[Homo sapiens]]''; homologous proteins many [[metazoan]] [[phylum (biology)|phyla]] | Cells = | Location = Primary:[[cell nucleus|nucleus]], Alternative:[[cytoplasm]] |Mods= [[phosphorylation]] |Names='''SMAD 3 , Mothers against DPP homolog 3, Mad3, hMAD-3, JV15-2, hSMAD3''' |Interactions= |Pages= }} '''SMAD3''' or '''Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3''' is a [[gene]] which appears in [[humans]] on [[chromosome]] 15. It is one of several human [[homology (biology)|homologues]] of a gene which was originally discovered in the fruit fly ''[[Drosophila|Drosophila melanogaster]]''. The name SMAD3 also refers to a member of the [[SMAD (protein)|SMAD]] family of proteins. ==SMAD3 gene== The SMAD3 gene [[Genetic code|codes]] for the SMAD3 protein. It consists of 9 [[exons]] over 129,339 [[base pairs]]. In mice, mutation of SMAD3 has been [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=603109 associated] with [[colorectal adenocarcinoma]], increased systemic [[inflammation]], and accelerated [[wound]] healing. There is no conclusive evidence of similar activity in humans, however. A 2002 study investigated possible links between SMAD3 mutation and [[cancer]] of the [[pancreas]] and [[parathyroid]] gland, but found no connection. Increased SMAD3 activity has, however, been implicated in the [[pathogenesis]] of [[scleroderma]]. The [[herpes simplex]] [[virus]] can downregulate SMAD3 using the Lat [[transcription factor]], even while the virus is in a latent state. A [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NC_000015.8&from=65145249&to=65274587&dopt=gb reference assembly] of SMAD3 is available. ==SMAD3 protein== '''SMAD3''' or '''Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3''' is a [[polypeptide]] that, as its name describes, is a [[homology (biology)|homolog]] of the ''[[Drosophila]]'' protein "[[Mothers against decapentaplegic]]". It belongs to the [[SMAD (protein)|SMAD]] family of proteins, which belong to the [[transforming growth factor beta|TGFβ]] superfamily of modulators. Like many other TGFβ family members, SMAD3 is involved in [[cell signalling]]. SMAD3 modulates signals of [[activin]] and TGFβ's. Binding of this protein with [[SMAD4]] enables its transmigration into the nucleus where it forms complexes with other proteins and acts as a [[transcription factor]]. SMAD3 is a receptor-regulated SMAD ([[R-SMAD]]). ==Nomenclature== The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the ''Drosophila'' protein "mothers against decapentaplegic" (MAD) and the ''[[C. elegans]]'' protein SMA. The name is a combination of the two. During ''Drosophila'' research, it was found that a mutation in the gene ''MAD'' in the mother repressed the gene ''[[decapentaplegic]]'' in the embryo. The phrase "Mothers against" was inspired by organizations formed by mothers to oppose social problems, such as [[Mothers Against Drunk Driving]] (MADD). {|{{protein | Name = | caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 6769 | Symbol = SMAD3 | AltSymbols = MADH3 | EntrezGene = 4088 | OMIM = 603109 | RefSeq = NM_005902 | UniProt = P84022 | PDB = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = 15 | Arm = q | Band = 22.33 | LocusSupplementaryData = }} <br/> {{TGF beta signaling}} [[Category:Proteins]] [[Category:Developmental biology]] [[Category:MH1 domain]] [[Category:MH2 domain]] [[Category:R-SMAD]] {{molecular-cell-biology-stub}}