Mothra (film) 3887451 223515016 2008-07-04T11:57:06Z Lightbot 7178666 Units/dates/other :''This article is about the 1961 film. For the 1996 film, see [[Rebirth of Mothra]].'' :''This article is about the 1961 film. For the Godzilla Character, see [[Mothra]].'' {{Infobox Film | name = Mothra | image = | image_size = | caption = | director = [[Ishiro Honda|Ishirō Honda]] | producer = [[Tomoyuki Tanaka (producer)|Tomoyuki Tanaka]] | writer = [[Shinichi Sekizawa]] | narrator = | starring = [[Frankie Sakai]]<br>[[Kyoko Kagawa]]<br>[[Hiroshi Koizumi]] | music = [[Yuji Koseki]] | cinematography = [[Hajime Koizumi]] | editing = [[Kazuji Taira]] | distributor = [[Toho]] | released = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[July 30]], [[1961]]<br> {{flagicon|USA}} [[May 10]], [[1962]] | runtime = 101 min. | country = {{JPN}} | language = [[Japanese language|Japanese]]<br>[[English language|English]] | budget = | gross = | preceded_by = | followed_by = ''[[Mothra vs. Godzilla]]''<br> ''[[Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.]]'' | website = | amg_id = | imdb_id = 0055198 }} {{nihongo|'''''Mothra'''''|モスラ|Mosura}} is a 1961 [[Kaiju|daikaiju]] [[eiga]] (giant-monster movie) from [[Toho|Toho Studios]], directed by genre regular [[Ishiro Honda|Ishirō Honda]] with special effects by legend [[Eiji Tsuburaya]]. It is the kaiju eiga debut of screenwriter [[Shinichi Sekizawa]], whose fantastic yet intelligent approach to the genre grew to prominence during the 1960s. The film stars [[Frankie Sakai]], a popular [[comedian]] in [[Japan]] at the time, and [[Hiroshi Koizumi]], in the first of many [[academia|academic]] roles he would adopt in [[tokusatsu]]. [[Jerry Ito]] (transliterated as "Jelly Ito" in the credits of the [[United States|U.S.]] release) delivers a fiendish performance, his only contribution to Toho's kaiju eiga genre. Ito also appeared in 1958's Japanese/US co-production "The Manster" (a.k.a. "The Split"), and in Toho's 1961 end-of-the-world sci-fi feature "Sekai Daisensou" ("The Last War"). The score by [[Yuji Koseki]] includes probably the most enduring song in kaiju eiga, "Mosura No Uta" ("Mothra's Song"), performed by [[The Peanuts]]. The film did well at the box office but was panned by [[United States|U.S.]] critics upon its stateside release as a typical [[B-movie|B-grade]] monster-on-the-loose flick. Its basic plot was recycled in ''[[King Kong vs. Godzilla]]'' and ''[[Mothra vs. Godzilla]]'' (1962 and 1964, both also written by Sekizawa), and the daikaiju [[Mothra]] would become one of Toho's most popular, appearing in seven more [[Godzilla]] films and [[Mothra Trilogy|her own trilogy]] in the 1990s. == Synopsis == An expedition to an irradiated island brings civilization in contact with a primitive native culture. When one sensationalist [[entrepreneur]] tries to exploit the islanders, their ancient [[deity]] arises in retaliation. In waters off Biru Island (referred to in subsequent films as [[fictional locations in the Godzilla films#Infant Island|Infant Island]]), a presumedly uninhabited site for [[fictional locations in the Godzilla films#Rolisica|Rolisican]] [[atomic test]]s, the ''Daini-Gen'you-Maru'' is caught and run aground in the turbulence of a [[typhoon]]. A rescue party following the storm finds four sailors alive and strangely unafflicted with [[radiation sickness]], which they attribute to the juice provided them by island [[indigenous peoples|natives]]. The story is broken by tenacious reporter Zenichiro (also known as "Bulldog" or "Zen-chan") Fukuda (Sakai) and photographer Michi Hanamura (Kagawa), who infiltrate the hospital examining the survivors. The Rolisican Embassy responds by co-sponsoring a joint Japanese–Rolisican scientific expediction to Infant Island, led by [[capitalism|capitalist]] Clark Nelson (Ito). Also on the expedition are [[radiation]] specialist Dr. Harada (Ken Uehara), [[linguistics|linguist]]/[[anthropology|anthropologist]] Shin'ichi Chūjō (Koizumi), and [[stowaway]] reporter Fukuda. Chūjō has studied the cultures of islands in the area and ascertained that one of the key [[hieroglyphs]] in their written language, a radiant cross-shaped star, translates as ''Mothra''. There the team discover a vast [[jungle]] of [[mutation|mutate]]d flora, a fleeting native tribe, and two minuscule girls (the Peanuts). These "[[Shobijin|small beauties]]", as Fukuda calls them, wish their island to be spared further atomic testing. Acknowledging this message, the team returns and conceals these events from the public. Nelson, however, returns to the island with a crew of [[henchman|henchmen]] and abducts the girls, gunning down several natives who try to save them. While Nelson profits off a "Secret Fairies Show" in [[Tokyo]] featuring the girls singing, both they and the island natives beseech their god Mothra, a giant [[egg (biology)|egg]], for help. Fukuda, Hanamura, and Chūjō communicate with the girls via [[telepathy]]; they express conviction that Mothra will come to their aid and warn that "good people are sure to be hurt". Meanwhile, Fukuda's newspaper has accused Nelson of [[slavery|holding the girls against their will]]; Nelson denies the charge and files a [[libel]] suit against the paper. Meanwhile, the island egg hatches to reveal a gigantic [[caterpillar]], which begins swimming the [[Pacific Ocean]] toward Japan. The caterpillar destroys a cruise ship and survives a [[napalm]] attack on a beeline path for Tokyo. The Rolisican Embassy, however, defends Nelson's property rights over the girls, ignoring any connection to the monster. Mothra finally arrives on the Japanese mainland, impervious to the barrage of weaponry directed at it, ultimately building a [[Pupa#Cocoon|cocoon]] in the ruins of [[Tokyo Tower]]. Public feeling turns against Nelson, and he is ordered to release the girls. He flees incognito to Rolisica, where Mothra, newly hatched in an [[imago]] form, immediately resumes her search. Police scour [[fictional locations in the Godzilla films#Rolisica|New Kirk City]] for Nelson as Mothra lays waste to the metropolis. Ultimately Nelson is killed in a [[shootout]] with police, and the girls are assigned to Chūjō's care. Church bells begin to ring, and sunlight illuminates the cross atop the steeple with radiant beams, reminding Chūjō and Hanamura of Mothra's unique [[symbol]] and of the girls' voices. Chūjō hits upon a novel way to attract Mothra to an airport [[runway]]. The girls are returned amid salutations of "sayōnara", and Mothra flies back to Infant Island. == Themes == [[Image:Mothra Larva.jpg|left|175px|thumb|Mothra ([[larva]]l form) climbs [[Tokyo Tower]] in a publicity still.]] ''Mothra'' was the first of the kaiju eiga to distance itself from the genre of [[Horror film|horror]]. Unlike ''[[Godzilla (1954 film)|Godzilla]]'' (1954), ''[[Godzilla Raids Again]]'' (1955), and ''[[Rodan (film)|Rodan]]'' (1956), thematically and visually darker films full of [[allegory]] and scenes of death, ''Mothra'' is vibrant, colorful (like Mothra herself), and at times jovial. Even the scenes of destruction in ''Mothra'' are depicted with an air of fantasy: rather unlike actual automobiles, cars and trucks caught in Mothra's gusts are tossed and bounced about the [[cityscape]] of New Kirk like leaves in a [[dust devil]]. As a daikaiju Mothra is assigned an unprecedented level of personality, imbued as the shobijin's guardian with loyalty and nobility. The film ends not with Mothra's death or incapacitation but with her success at retrieving the shobijin and returning—-in peace and on good terms with Japan—-to Infant Island. The true [[antagonist]] of the film is instead the greedy sensationalist Clark Nelson, whose role lends itself to broad interpretation. Fukuda describes him as an "art dealer", of the type who raid historic sites for riches. The film was conceived and released at the outset of the [[Japanese post-war economic miracle]], amid the liberalization of business from government regulation; by placing an ([[Occidental]]) capitalist in such a villainous role, the film propounds a strong critique of the Western model of [[capitalism]] itself. The ending of the film alludes heavily to [[Christianity]]: Mothra's symbol is revealed to bear a likeness to the [[Christian cross]]—though it more specifically resembles the [[Celtic cross]]—and its image, joined by the sound of ringing [[church bell]]s, is used to summon Mothra and show her where to land. Remarkably, whereas the propagation of Western capitalism is to blame for Mothra's destructive onslaught, it is Western religion which appeases it. == Rolisica == The fictional nation in the movie is cleary a substitute for America. Rolisica is combination of both America and Russia (USSR at the time). The capital, New Kirk City, which Mothra attacks, shares an uncanny resemblance to that of New York City, specifically in its Manhattan-like skyline. The people of Rolisica are clearly coded as Americans; some were played by Turkish actors. The neighborhood where Nelson is killed seems to have an [[Eastern Orthodox]] ambience, similar to that of Russia; the Rolisican flag displays a large crescent moon and small star, reflecting the flag of the [[Islamic Republic]] as well as the sickle of the Soviet Union. The [[matte (filmmaking)|matte]] scenes that show Rolisican civilians looking at Mothra in the sky were filmed in [[Los Angeles]], California. Toho had done some filming there in early 1961 and the footage added into ''Mothra''. == U.S. release == [[Image:Mothra US.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Lobby card to the 1962 US release of ''Mothra'']] ''Mothra'' was released in the United States in May of 1962 on a double-bill with ''[[The Three Stooges in Orbit]]''. ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' film critic A.H. Weiler gave the film a generally positive review, singling out the color and special effects for praise. "There's that color, as pretty as can be, that now and then smites the eye with some genuinely artistic panoramas and décor designs." Some plot points, also, were favorably mentioned: "Fantastic though the plot may be, there are some genuinely penetrating moments, such as the contrast of the approaching terror and those patient, silvery-voiced little 'dolls,' serenely awaiting rescue. Several of the special effects shots are brilliant, such as the sight of a giant cocoon nestling against a large city's power station tower." == Cast == *Zen'ichirou 'Zen-Chan' Fukuda, Nittou Journalist - [[Frankie Sakai]] *Michi Hanamura, Nittou Photographer - [[Kyouko Kagawa]] *Dr. Shin'ichi Tyuujou - [[Hiroshi Koizumi]] *Dr. Harada - [[Ken Uehara]] *Clark Nelson - [[Jerry Itou]] *The Shoubijin - [[The Peanuts]], [[Yumi Itou]], [[Emi Itou]] *Sadakatsu Amano, Nittou Editor - [[Takashi Shimura]] *Shinji Tyuujou - [[Masamitsu Tayama]] *Nelson's Henchman - [[Tetsu Nakamura]] *Danny, Nelson's Henchman - [[Ousmane Yusef]] *Nelson's Henchman - [[Akira Wakamatsu]] *Nelson's Henchman - [[Hiroshi Takagi]] *Nelson's Henchman - [[Toshio Miura]] *Dr. Raaff, Captain of Infant Island investigating group- [[Audie Wyatt]] *Director General of National Nucleus Center - [[Akihiko Hirata]] *Commander of Defence Force A - [[Hisaya Itou]] *Commander of Defence Force B - [[Yoshihumi Tajima]] *Helicopter pilot A - [[Kenji Sahara]] *Helicopter pilot B - [[Kenzou Echigo]] *Secretary of Defense - [[Seizaburou Kawazu]] *Captain of Daini Genyo Maru - [[Yoshio Kosugi]] *Namiki, Shipmate - [[Ren Yamamoto]] *Murata, Sailor - [[Haruya Katou]] *Honma, Radio Communicator - [[Yutaka Nakamura]] *Quartermaster - [[Kouji Iwamoto]] *Member of task force - [[Hiroo Sakurai]] *Officer Maritime Safety Agency - [[Sachiyuki Uemura]] *Villager - [[Junnosuke Suda]] *Villager - [[Akira Kittyouji]] *Villager - [[Toshiko Nakano]] *Detective of Rolisica - [[Dan Yuma]] ([[Robert Dunham]]) *Ambassador Rolisica - [[Harold Conway]] *Father of New Kirk City - [[Henrico Rossie]] *Oldman of New Kirk City - [[E.P. Mcdermott]] *Captain of Hayakaze - [[Kou Misima]] *Medical officer - [[Tadashi Okabe]] *Geiger counter Crew - [[Kouhei Furukawa]] *Journalist A - [[Shinpei Mitsui]] *Journalist B - [[Masaaki Tachibana]] *Nittou Journalist - [[Toshio Miura]] *Owner of a rest house - [[Junpei Natsuki]] *Owner’s Wife - [[Teruko Mita]] *Dam watchman A - [[Syouichi Hirose]] *Dam watchman B - [[Shigeo Katou]] *Dam watchman C - [[Jun Kuroki]] *Nanny of the Tyuujous - [[Tsurue Ichimanji]] *Theater guide girl - [[Terumi Oka]] *Captain of deluxe liner Orion-Maru - [[Mitsuo Tsuda]] *Shipmate - [[Keisuke Matsuyama]] *Quartermaster - [[Yuu Sekita]] *Captain of big transport - [[Yutaka Oka]] *Aims person - [[Akira Yamada]] *Crew of Infant Island investigating group - [[Mitsuo Matsumoto]] *Crew of Infant Island investigating group - [[Yoshio Katsube]] *Crew of Infant Island investigating group - [[Hiroyuki Satake]] *Crew of Infant Island investigating group - [[Akira Hayami]] *Crew of Infant Island investigating group - [[Kazuo Imai]] *Policeman of tunnel A - [[Kouji Uno]] *Policeman of tunnel B - [[Yukihiko Gondou]] *Woodcutter - [[Yasuhisa Tsutsumi]] *Infant islander - [[Keiji Sakakida]] *Infant islander - [[Nichigeki]] dancing team *Mothra Larva (Head) - [[Haruo Nakajima]] *Mothra Larva (Body) - [[Katsumi Tezuka]]/Other ==Additional Credits== *Eiji Tsuburaya- Special Effects *Teruyoshi Nakano- Assistant Special effects director *Akira Watanabe- Special Effects Art Director *Yukio Manoda- Special Optical photography *Teisho Arikawa- Effects photography *Hiroshi Mukoyama- Matte shots *Samaji Nonagase- Chief Assistant Director ==Trivia== * [[Ogouchi Dam]] ([[Lake Oku-Tama]]) where Mothra appeared and Fukuda rescues a baby was completed four years before the release of this film. [[Tokyo Tower]] where Mothra formed a cocoon was completed three years before. * In the original edition, [[Frankie Sakai]]'s character Fukuda was nicknamed not Bulldog but "Suppon-no-Zentyan" (Zentyan of [[Terrapin]]). *In the American children's TV show, [[Kappa Mikey]], there is an episode about a man who creates monsters for movies. Among them is Megamoth, an obvious spoof of Mothra. == References == *Kalat, David. ''A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series'', McFarland, 1997. ISBN 0-7864-0300-4 *Weiler, A. H. (1962). [http://query.nytimes.com/search/article-printpage.html?res=9F04E1DB1339E43BBC4A52DFB1668389679EDE "Screen: 'Hatari!' Captures the Drama of Tanganyika Wildlife:Howard Hawks Film Opens at DeMille Neighborhood Houses Offer 2 Twin Bills"]. ''New York Times''. Retrieved January 25, 2006. ==External links== *[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mothra/ ''Mothra'' at Rotten Tomatoes] *[http://tohokingdom.com/web_pages/m_reviews/vega/mothra.htm Review at Toho Kingdom] by Miles Imhoff *[http://www.1000misspenthours.com/reviews/reviewsh-m/mothra.htm ''Mothra'' review at 1000 Misspent Hours] *[http://www.scifijapan.com/articles/2007/07/30/jerry-ito-a-swonderful-life/ In-depth biographical tribute to Jerry Ito] * {{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1961/ck003560.htm|title=モスラ (Mosura)|accessdate=2007-07-16|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Japanese Movie Database]]}} {{Godzilla}} [[Category:1961 films]] [[Category:Japanese films]] [[Category:Japanese-language films]] [[Category:English-language films]] [[Category:Japan in fiction]] [[Category:Mothra]] [[ja:モスラ]]