Mount Sinai Hospital, New York
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225665991
2008-07-14T20:23:29Z
Leonard Finger
4452663
Added category
: ''This page is about a hospital in New York. For other uses, please see: [[Mount Sinai (disambiguation)]]''
{{Infobox Hospital
| Name = Mount Sinai Hospital
| Org/Group = <!-- optional -->
| Image = Mount sinai school of medicine.JPG|200px
| Caption = Mount Sinai from [[Central Park]]
| Logo = <!-- optional -->
| Location = One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1190 Fifth Avenue
| Region = [[New York City, New York|New York]]
| State = [[New York]]
| Country = US
| Type = University, Teaching
| Speciality =
| Standards = <!-- optional -->
| Emergency = Level II trauma
| Affiliation= [[Mount Sinai School of Medicine]]
| Beds = 1,171
| Founded = 1852
| Closed = <!-- optional -->
| Website = http://www.mountsinai.org/
| Wiki-Links = <!-- optional -->
|}}
'''Mount Sinai Hospital''', founded in 1852, is one of the oldest and largest teaching [[hospital]]s in the United States. In 2007 it was ranked as one of the best hospitals in the [[United States]] by [[U.S. News & World Report]].<ref>[http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/besthospitals/directory/hospital.php?id=6213140 U.S. News & World Report: America's Best Hospitals 2007], accessed [[April 23]], [[2008]].</ref>
Located on the eastern border of Central Park, at 100th Street and [[Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fifth Avenue]], in [[New York City|New York City's]] [[Manhattan]], Mount Sinai has a number of hospital affiliates in the [[New York metropolitan area]], and an additional campus, the Mount Sinai Hospital of [[Queens]].
The hospital is also affiliated with one of the foremost centers of medical education and [[Biomedical engineering|biomedical]] research, [[Mount Sinai School of Medicine]], which opened in September 1968.<ref>[http://www.mssm.edu/theschool/history/early.shtml Mount Sinai School of Medicine: History - The Early Years, 1963-1973], accessed [[December 8]], [[2006]].</ref>
==Awards & Recognition==
*The U.S. News & World Report's "Best Hospitals 2007" issue ranked Mount Sinai Hospital #3 in the country for [[Geriatrics|Geriatric]] care and #9 in the country for [[Gastroenterology|Digestive Disorders]]. Other honors from that issue included high rankings for [[Rehabilitation]], [[Neurology]] and [[Neurosurgery]], [[Gynecology]] and [[Otolaryngology|Ear, Nose & Throat]].
*Two hundred and forty-three Mount Sinai doctors were included in [[New York Magazine]]'s "Best Doctors" issue from 2007.<ref>[http://nymag.com/health/bestdoctors/2007/33162/ New York Magazine, Best Doctors 2007], retrieved [[April 23]], [[2008]].</ref>
*The American Society for [[Bariatrics|Bariatric]] Surgery named Mount Sinai a "Surgery Center of Excellence."<ref>[http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/Medical-Center-Recognized-for-Excellence-in-Bariatric-Surgery-12958-1/ Bio-Medicine.org – Medical Center Recognized for Excellence in Bariatric Surgery] retrieved [[April 23]], [[2008]]</ref>
*The 2004 Magnet Award for [[Nursing]] Excellence was awarded to Mount Sinai – the only full-service hospital in Manhattan to have received such recognition.<ref>[http://psychcentral.com/news/archives/2004-08/msh-tms082004.html Psych Central – The Mount Sinai Hospital receives Magnet award for nursing excellence] retrieved [[April 23]], [[2008]]</ref>
*In 2002, the [[Government of New York|New York State Department of Health]] named Mount Sinai Hospital the safest place for a patient receiving [[angioplasty]].<ref>[http://www.earthtimes.org/dec/worldinchallengemountdec3_01.htm Earth Times: Mount Sinai and Dr. Samin K. Sharma lauded as 'best center' in New York State for angioplasty] retrieved [[April 28]], 2008</ref>
==Areas of Concentration==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Specialty
! Condition
|-
| [[Heart]]
| [[Cardiomyopathy]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Mitral regurgitation]], [[Angina]], [[Arrhythmias]], [[Aortic aneurysm]], [[Mitral valve prolapse]], [[Heart Attack]], [[Atrial fibrillation]], [[Septum|Septal defects]]
|-
| [[Brain]]
| [[Epilepsy]], [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[Stroke]], [[Parkinson’s disease]], [[Cerebral palsy]], [[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[Alzheimer’s disease]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Brain cancer]]
|-
| [[Organ transplant|Organ Transplants]]
| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Ischemic colitis|Ischemic bowel disease]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Pancreatitis]], [[Primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[Renal failure]], [[Laryngeal cancer]], [[Liver cirrhosis]]
|-
| [[Cancer]]
| [[Melanoma]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Lung cancer]], [[Wilms tumor]], [[Glioma]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Hepatoma]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Pheochromocytoma]], [[Kaposi’s sarcoma]]
|-
| [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal Conditions]]
| [[Gastric ulcer]], [[Irritable bowel syndrome]], [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn’s disease]], [[Food allergy]], [[Spastic colon]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Gallstones]]
|-
| [[Women]]
| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Heart attack]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Parkinson’s disease]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Alzheimer’s disease]], [[Human papillomavirus]], [[Iron-deficiency anemia]]
|-
| [[Children]]
| [[Obesity]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Asthma]], [[Myocarditis]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Food allergy]], [[Juvenile diabetes]], [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[Sleep apnea]]
|-
|[[Bone]], [[Joint]] and [[Spine]]
| [[Tennis elbow]], [[Anterior cruciate ligament]], [[Meniscus (anatomy)|Torn meniscus]], [[Carpal tunnel syndrome]], [[Chondromalacia patella]], [[Scoliosis]], [[Bone fracture]], [[Rotator cuff|Rotator cuff injury]], [[Herniated disk]], [[Osteoarthritis]], [[Bunion]], [[Spinal stenosis]]
|-
|[[Rehabilitation|Rehabilitation Medicine]]
| [[Low back pain]], [[Bone fracture]], [[Stroke]], [[Hypoxia|Anoxic brain injury]], [[Sprain|Neck sprain]], [[Herniated disk]], [[Achilles' tendinitis]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
|-
|[[Palliative Care]]
| [[Breast cancer]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Lung cancer]], [[Emphysema]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Coma]], [[Alzheimer’s disease]], [[Renal failure]], [[AIDS]], [[Liver cirrhosis]], [[Brain Cancer]]
|-
|[[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]
| [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Hepatitis C]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Cryptosporidiosis]], [[Kaposi’s sarcoma]], [[Aspergillosis]]
|-
|[[Diabetes]]
| [[Obesity]], [[Cardiomyopathy]], [[Cholecystitis]], [[Kidney failure]], [[Ulcer|Diabetic foot ulcer]], [[Coma]], [[Atherosclerosis]], [[Enuresis]], [[Gangrene]]
|}
==History==
==="Firsts" at Mount Sinai Hospital===
A significant number of diseases were first described at Mount Sinai Hospital in the last 150+ years including [[Brill's disease]], [[Buerger's disease]], [[Churg-Strauss|Churg-Strauss disease]], [[collagen disease]], Crohn's disease, [[eosinophilic granuloma]] of bone, [[Glomus tumor|Glomus Jugulare Tumor]], [[Libman-Sacks disease]], [[Moschcowitz disease]], and [[Tay-Sachs disease]].<ref>[http://www.mountsinai.org/Who%20We%20Are/Mission/Timeline%20of%20Accomplishments Mount Sinai - Timeline of Accomplishments] retrieved [[April 25]], 2008</ref>
Other "firsts" include:
*First textbook in Geriatrics (1914), and first Department of Geriatrics in a U.S. Medical School<ref>[http://www2.nysun.com/article/64107 New York Sun - Martha Stewart Center for Living Does a Mother Proud] retrieved on [[April 24]], [[2008]]</ref>
*First American textbook on [[thoracic surgery]] (1925)<ref>[http://www.the-scientist.com/2004/11/22/S34/1/ TheScientist.com - Mount Sinai School of MedicineS erving Science and Society] retrieved on [[April 24]], [[2008]]</ref>
*First to describe concept behind TB skin testing ([[Schwartzman reaction|Schwartzman Phenonmenon]])
*First [[liver transplant]] ([[New York State]]) (1988)<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DB1F39F93BA2575AC0A96E948260 New York Times - First Liver Transplant in New York Performed] retrieved on [[April 24]], [[2008]]</ref>
*First to develop concept of [[Cell (biology)|subcellular pathology]]
*First to link [[cigarettes]] and [[asbestos]] to [[cancer]]<ref>[http://www.mountsinai.org/Who%20We%20Are/Mission/Timeline%20of%20Accomplishments Mount Sinai - Timeline of Accomplishments] retrieved [[April 25]], 2008</ref>
*First in U.S. to use [[platinum]] to treat [[ovarian cancer]].<ref>[http://www.asco.org/ASCO/Abstracts+&+Virtual+Meeting/Abstracts?&vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=10&abstractID=866 American Society of Clinical Oncology] retrieved on [[April 24]], [[2008]]</ref>
*First to develop particular [[in vitro fertilization]] technique to assist [[sperm]] in [[ovum|egg]] cell penetration
*First to identify marker now used to identify risk for [[preterm birth]]
*First to combine [[radiation therapy|radiation]] and [[chemotherapy]] to treat ovarian and [[breast cancer]]<ref>[http://mountsinai.org/Who%20We%20Are/Mission/Timeline%20of%20Accomplishments MountSinai.org Timeline of Firsts] retrieved on [[April 24]] [[2008]]</ref>
*First to create a genetically-engineered [[vaccine]] (for [[influenza]]) (1969)<ref>[http://www.allbusiness.com/multinational-monitor/1194943-1.html AllBusiness.com - An Interview with Dr. Edwin Kilbourne] retrieved on [[April 24]], [[2008]]</ref>
*First to identify the gene for [[Marfan Syndrome]], an often fatal connective tissue disorder.
*First to chemically induce cancer cells to return to normal patterns of development
*First to pioneer the use of [[stapes]] mobilization operation to treat particular kinds of [[deafness]]<ref>[http://www.mssm.edu/ent/patient_care/subspecial/otology.shtml mssm.com - History of Otology and Neuro-otology at Mount Sinai] retrieved on [[April 24]], [[2008]]</ref>
*First successful use of a [[cardiac stress test]]
*First to perform a blood transfusion in an unborn [[fetus]].
===Significant Events===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Date
! Event
|-
| 1855
| “The Jews’ Hospital” opens for patients on June 5th<ref>[http://www.jewsofnewyork.org/stories/mount-sinai-hospital Jews of New York] accessed [[April 24]], [[2008]].</ref>.
|-
| 1866
| To free itself of racial or religious distinction, The Jews' Hospital changes it name to “The Mount Sinai Hospital.”
|-
| 1872
| First women appointed to professional positions.
|-
| 1886
| The Eye and Ear Service is created; Dr. [[Josephine Walter]], the first American woman to serve a formal internship, is granted a diploma.
|-
| 1908
| Dr. [[Rueben Ottenberg]] is the first to perform [[blood transfusions]] with routine compatibility test and to point out that blood groups are [[hereditary]].
|-
| 1919
| Dr. I.C. Rubin introduces the use of peruterine [[insufflation]] of the [[fallopian tubes]] for the diagnosis and treatment of [[sterility]] in women.
|-
| 1928
| Dr. [[Moses Swick]] develops a method for introducing [[radio-opaque]] media into the [[blood stream]] for visualization of the [[urinary tract]].
|-
| 1932
| Crohn's Disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the [[intestine]], is identified by Drs. [[Burrill Crohn]], [[Leon Ginzburg]] and [[Gordon D. Oppenheimer]].
|-
| 1938
| The nation’s second [[blood bank]] is created.
|-
| 1955
| The Jack Martin Respirator Center admits its first [[polio]] patients.
|-
| 1963
| The New York State Board of Regents grants a charter for the establishment of a school of medicine.
|-
| 1968
| The Graduate School of Biological Sciences admits its first students.
|-
| 1974
| The Adolescent Health Center is established – the first primary care program in New York designed specifically for the needs of adolescents.
|-
| 1982
| The Department of [[Geriatrics]] and Adult Development is created – the first such department in an American medical school.
|-
| 1989
| The Center for Excellence in Youth Education is established.
|-
| 1992
| The Department of Human [[Genetics]] is established.
|}
==Overview==
As U.S. cities grew more crowded in the mid-19th Century, [[philanthropist]] [[Sampson Simson]] (b 1780, d 1857) founded a hospital to address the needs of New York's rapidly growing [[Jewish]] [[immigrant]] community. It was the second Jewish hospital in the United States.
The Jews' Hospital, as it was then called, was built on 28th Street in Manhattan, between [[Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)|7th]] & [[Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|8th Avenues]], on land donated by Simson; it opened two years before Simson's death. Four years later, it would be unexpectedly filled to capacity with soldiers from the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref>[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/american_jewish_history/v091/91.1friedberg.html This House of Noble Deeds: The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1852-2002]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.mountsinai.org/Who%20We%20Are/Mission/History Mount Sinai: The Evolution of a Mission]</ref>
The Jews' Hospital felt the effects of the escalating Civil War in other ways, as staff doctors and board members were called in to service: [[Israel Moses|Dr. Israel Moses]] served four years as Lieutenant Colonel in the 72nd;<ref>[http://www.chattanoogacwrt.org/200402.htm The Chattanooga Civil War Round Table]</ref> [[Joseph Seligman]] had to resign as a member of the Board of Directors as he was increasingly called upon by [[Abraham Lincoln|President Lincoln]] for advice on the country's growing financial crisis.<ref>[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAseligman.htm The Civil War Dictionary]</ref><ref>[http://www.stormfront.org/forum/showthread.php/jews-lincoln-grant-and-national-99800.html The Seligman Family: In The Civil War And After, by Seymour “Sy” Brody]</ref><ref>[http://www.nyhumanities.org/speakers/adult_audiences/lecture.php?lecture_id=1143 From Pack Peddler to International Banker: The Life and Times of Joseph Seligman]</ref>
The [[New York Draft Riots|Draft Riots of 1863]] again strained the resources of the new hospital, as draft inequities and a shortage of qualified men increased [[racism|racial]] tensions in New York City. As the Jews' Hospital struggled to tend to the many wounded, outside its walls over one hundred men, women and children were killed in the riots.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/draft-riots Answers.com – New York Draft Riots]</ref>
More and more, the Jews' hospital was finding itself an integral part of the general community. In 1866, to reflect this new-found role, it changed its name.
Now called Mount Sinai Hospital, the institution forged relationships with prescient 19th century medical scholars, including [[Henry N. Heineman]], [[Frederick S. Mandelbaum]], [[Charles A. Elsberg]], [[Emanuel Libman]], [[Alma de Leon Hendriks]], [[Kate Rich (nurse)|Kate Rich]], and, most significantly, [[Abraham Jacobi]], a champion of construction at the hospital's new site on Manhattan's [[Upper East Side]] in 1904.<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/92/Abraham-Jacobi.html FAQs.org – Abraham Jacobi Biography]</ref>
The early 20th century saw the population of New York City explode. That, coupled with many new discoveries at Mount Sinai (including significant advances in [[blood transfusion]]s and the first portable [[anesthesia]] apparatus), meant that Mount Sinai's pool of doctors and experts was in increasing demand. From 1905 to 1911, inpatient and outpatient visits doubled.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=990CE4D9173EE233A2575AC2A9679C946997D6CF Letters to the Editor, New York Times, Jan 28, 1908]</ref> A $1.35 million expansion of the hospital (equivalent to over 30 million in 2008 based on historical consumer price indexes)<ref>[http://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/uscompare/result.php Measuringworth.com]</ref> raced to keep pace with demand.
With tensions in [[Europe]] escalating, a committee dedicated to finding placements for doctors fleeing [[Nazi Germany]] was founded in 1933. With the help of the National Committee for the Resettlement of Foreign Physicians, Mount Sinai Hospital became a new home a large number of émigrés.
When [[World War II|war]] broke out, Mount Sinai was the first hospital to throw open its doors to [[Red Cross]] nurses' aides; the hospital trained thousands in its effort to reduce the nursing shortage in the States. Meanwhile, the President of the Medical Board, [[George Baehr]], was called by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] to serve as the nation's Chief Medical Director of the [[Office of Civilian Defense]].<ref>[http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/33/6/764.pdf American Journal of Public Health, June 1943]</ref>
These wartime roles would be eclipsed, however, when the men and women of Mount Sinai's Third General Hospital set sail for [[Casablanca]], eventually setting up a 1,000 bed hospital in war-torn [[Tunisia]]. Before moving to tend to the needs of soldiers in [[Italy]] and [[France]], the unit had treated more than 5,000 wounded [[soldier]]s.<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.00028/transcript?ID=mv0001 Veterans' History Project: Interview with Isabelle Cook]</ref>
Since the relative peace post World War II, Mount Sinai has welcomed the first graduating class of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine (in 1970); the 80s saw a $500 million hospital expansion, including the construction of the [[Guggenheim family|Guggenheim Pavilion]], the first medical facility designed by [[I.M. Pei]]; and it has made significant contributions to gene therapy, [[cardiology]], [[immunotherapy]], [[organ transplants]], [[cancer|cancer treatments]] and [[minimally invasive surgery]].
==Noteworthy Individuals==
===Famous Patients===
*[[Liv Tyler]] (born there on [[July 1]], [[1977]])<ref>[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/liv_tyler Liv Tyler Biography on RottenTomatoes]</ref>
*[[Peter Maas]], "Serpico" author <ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2001/SHOWBIZ/books/08/24/maas.obit/index.html CNN]</ref>
*[[Anne Bancroft]] (treated for cancer) <ref>[http://www.marriage.about.com/od/entertainmen1/p/bancroftbrooks.htm Ann Bancroft and Mel Brooks Marriage Profile]</ref>
*[[Julie Andrews]] (throat surgery)
*[[Norman Mailer]] (treated for kidney disease)<ref>[http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20159578,00.html Pulitzer Prize Winner Norman Mailer Dies - Tributes, Norman Mailer : People.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
*[[Gwyneth Paltrow]] (gave birth there; to Moses Bruce Anthony Martin)<ref>[http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1175007,00.html Gwyneth Paltrow Has a Boy - Birth, Chris Martin, Gwyneth Paltrow : People.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* [[Ed Bradley]] (treated for cancer)
*[[Al Lewis]] (received his third [[angioplasty]] at Mount Sinai on [[June 30]], [[2003]])<ref>[http://www.tv.com/al-lewis/person/6536/summary.html Al Lewis Biography at TV.com]</ref>
*[[Natasha Richardson]] (gave birth there August, 1996)
===Famous Benefactors===
*[[Martha Stewart]] started the Martha Stewart Center for Living at Mount Sinai Hospital. The center promotes access to medical care and offers support to caregivers needing referrals or education. <ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2008-04-15-martha-stewart_N.htm "Senate panel calls on Martha Stewart, USA TODAY]</ref>
===Famous Staff===
*[[Jonas Salk]], inventor of the polio vaccine, worked as a staff physician at Mount Sinai after medical school<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/jonas-salk Jonas Salk Biography on Answers.com]</ref>
==Further reading==
*[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0814705006 ''This House of Noble Deeds: The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1852-2002''] by Arthur H. Aufses, Jr. and Barbara Niss
*[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0414658949 ''The Sinai Nurse: A History of Nursing at the Mount Sinai Hospital, 1852-2000''] by Marjorie Gulla Lewis and Sylvia M. Barker
*[http://www.amazon.com/dp/0789030772 ''The Social Work-Medicine Relationship: 100 Years at Mount Sinai''] by Helen Rehr
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
* [http://www.mssm.edu/ Mount Sinai School of Medicine (MSSM)]
* [http://www.mountsinai.org/ The Mount Sinai Hospital]
[[Category:Teaching hospitals in the United States]]
[[Category:Hospitals in New York City]]
[[Category:1852 establishments]]
[[Category:Manhattan]]
[[de:Mt. Sinai Hospital]]
[[es:Hospital Monte Sinaí, Nueva York]]
[[fr:Mount Sinai Hospital (New York)]]
[[fi:Mount Sinain sairaala]]