Multiphasic liquid
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Robot - Moving category Heterogeneous mixtures to Heterogeneous chemical mixtures per [[WP:CFD|CFD]] at [[Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2007 December 21]].
A '''multiphasic liquid''', also known as a '''multiphasic liquid-liquid-liquid system''', is a [[mixture]] consisting of more than two [[miscible | immiscible]] [[liquid]] [[Phase (matter) | phases]]. Biphasic mixtures consisting of two immiscible phases are very common and usually consist of an [[organic compound | organic]] [[solvent]] and an [[water (molecule) | aqueous]] phase ("oil and water"). Multiphasic liquids are rare and only triphasic (three phases) and tetraphasic (four phases) are known.
Multiphasic liquids can be used for selective [[liquid-liquid extraction]]s or for decorative purposes, e.g. in [[cosmetics]].
While it is possible to get multilayered phases by layering [[Nonpolarity | nonpolar]] and aqueous phases of decreasing [[density | densities]] on top of each other, these phases will not separate after mixing like true multiphasic liquids.
== Compositions ==
The following types of multiphasic liquids exist:
=== Triphasic systems ===
* Nonpolar solvent / aqueous biphasic mixture
*: ''e.g. using [[hexane]], [[heptane]], [[cyclohexane]], or [[mineral oil]] as the nonpolar solvent''
** Nonpolar solvent / [[Polar molecule | polar]] solvent / salt / water
**: ''e.g. 100 ml mineral oil, 100 ml [[isopropanol]], 75 ml [[water (molecule) | water]], 35 g [[calcium chloride]]''
** Nonpolar solvent / water-soluble [[polymer]] A, water-soluble polymer B, water
*: ''e.g. hexane, [[polyethylene oxide]], [[dextran]], water''
** Nonpolar solvent / water-soluble polymer / salt / water
**: ''e.g. hexane, polyethylene oxide, [[sodium sulfate]], water''
** Nonpolar solvent A / solvent B / polymer soluble in solvent B and water / water
**: ''e.g. heptane, [[dichloromethane]], polyethylene oxide, water''
* Nonpolar solvent A / solvent B / polymer soluble in solvent B and water / salt / water
*: ''e.g. 16.3% heptane, 21.7% dichloromethane, 9.5% polyethylene oxide, 51.5% water, 0.1% sodium sulfate''
* Nonpolar solvent / [[hydrophobe | hydrophobic]] salt / water
*: ''e.g. [[2,2,4-Trimethylpentane | iso-octane]], [[Aliquat 336]] (methyltrioctylammonium chloride, a [[phase transfer catalyst]]), water'' [http://venus.unive.it/alvise/index_file/page0003.htm]
**: ''or: cyclohexane, [[1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate | bmim-PF<sub>6</sub>]] (an [[ionic liquid]]), water'' [http://www.mariecurie.org/annals/volume3/berthod.pdf]
=== Tetraphasic systems ===
* Nonpolar solvent A / solvent B / polymer soluble in solvent B and water / salt / water
*: ''e.g. 10.9% heptane, 15.5% dichloromethane, 7.1% polyethylene oxide, 66.5% sodium sulfate (> 0.1%) in water''
== See also ==
* [[Separating funnel]]
== External links ==
* [http://pcserver.iqm.unicamp.br/~wloh/pu1998-2.pdf Chem. Commun. 1998, 787] ''Polymer induced multiphase generation in water/organic solvent mixtures. Strategies towards the design of triphasic and tetraphasic liquid systems'' (pdf)
* [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050215443%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050215443&RS=DN/20050215443 US patent application 20050215443] ''Multiphase aqueous cleansing composition''
[[Category:Heterogeneous chemical mixtures]]