Nancy
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AnnaFrance
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{{French commune
|nomcommune=Nancy
|image=[[Image:Nancy-place-stanislas-sued.jpg|270px]]
|caption=[[Place Stanislas]] - Fountain of Amphitrite
|image_map=France_jms.png
|x = 209
|y = 77
|région=[[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]]
|département=[[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] (54)<br>(''[[Prefectures in France|préfecture]]'')
|arrondissement=Nancy
|canton=Chief town of 4 cantons
|insee=54395
|cp=54000
|maire=[[André Rossinot]]
|party=[[Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party (current)|PR]]/[[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
|mandat=2008-2014
|intercomm=[[Communauté urbaine du Grand Nancy|Communauté urbaine<br />du Grand Nancy]]
|lat_long={{coor dms|48|41|25|N|6|11|00|E|region:FR_type:city}}
|alt moy=212 m
|alt mini=188 m
|alt maxi=353 m
|hectares=1,501
|km²=15.01
|sans=105,400
|date-sans=2005
|dens=6,902
|date-dens=1999}}
'''Nancy''' ({{pronounced|nɑ̃si}}; archaic {{lang-de|Nanzig}}; {{lang-lb|Nanzeg}}) is a [[city]] and [[communes of France|commune]] in the [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] ''[[regions of France|région]]'' of northeastern [[France]].
The city is the ''[[Prefectures in France|préfecture]]'' (capital) of the [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] ''[[departments of France|département]]''. The metropolitan area (''[[aire urbaine]]'') of Nancy had a population of 410,509 inhabitants at the 1999 census, 103,602 of whom lived in the city of Nancy proper (105,100 inhabitants in the city proper as of 2004 estimates).
==History==
The earliest signs of human settlement in the area date back to 800 BC. Early settlers were likely attracted by easily mined iron ore and a ford in the [[Meurthe River]]. A small fortified town named Nanciacum (''Nancy'') was built by [[Gerard, Duke of Lorraine]] around 1050.
Nancy was sacked by Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] in the 13th century, then rebuilt in stone over the next few centuries as it grew in importance as the capital of the [[Duchy of Lorraine]]. [[Charles I, Duke of Burgundy|Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy]], was defeated and killed in the [[Battle of Nancy]] in 1477.
With the death of Duke [[Stanisław Leszczyński|Stanislas]] in 1766, the duchy became a French province and Nancy remained its capital. When the [[Lorraine (région)|''région'' of Lorraine]] was created in the middle of the 20th century, [[Metz]] was chosen as its capital instead of Nancy.
As unrest surfaced within the French armed forces during the [[French Revolution]], a full-scale mutiny took place in Nancy in later summer 1790. A few reliable units lay siege to the town and shot or imprisoned the mutineers.
Nancy was freed from [[Nazi Germany]] by the [[U.S. Third Army]] in September of 1944, during the [[Lorraine Campaign]] of [[World War II]] ''(see [[Battle of Nancy (1944)]])''.
==Geography==
The neighboring communes of Nancy are: [[Jarville-la-Malgrange]], [[Laxou]], [[Malzéville]], [[Maxéville]], [[Saint-Max]], [[Tomblaine]], [[Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy]], and [[Villers-lès-Nancy]].
== Sights ==
The [[Place Stanislas]]<ref>[http://www.laplusbelleplacedumonde.com/flash/sommaire.html Images of the Place Stanislas]</ref> named after the king of [[Poland|Polish]]-[[Lithuania|Lithuanian]] Commonwealth and duke of Lorraine [[Stanislaw Leszczynski]], Place de la Carrière, and Place d'Alliance were added on the [[World Heritage Sites]] list by the [[UNESCO]] in 1983.
The "[[École de Nancy]]", a group of artists and architects founded by the glassmaster and furniture maker [[Émile Gallé]], worked in the [[art nouveau|Art Nouveau]] style at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century. It was principally their work which made Nancy a centre of art and architecture that rivaled [[Paris]] and helped give the city the nickname "Capitale de l'Est." The city still possesses many Art Nouveau buildings (mostly banks or private homes). [[Furniture]], [[glassware]], and other pieces of the decorative arts are conserved at the [[Musée de l'École de Nancy]], which is housed in the 1909 villa of [[Eugène Corbin]], a Nancy businessman and supporter of the Art Nouveau there.
The old city centre's heritage dates from the Middle Ages to the 18th century. The [[Nancy Cathedral|cathedral of Nancy]] is a fine example of 18th century architecture. The surroundings of the train station are a busy commercial area.
There is also a [[botanical garden]] in Nancy, ''"Le Jardin Botanique"''. It is open from 10 am to 12 (noon), and from 2 pm to 5 pm on Mondays through Fridays. On Saturdays and Sundays it is open from 2 pm to 5 pm. It costs around 2.30 [[euro]]s to enter, and has many different types of plants, including tropical, and many other wonderful types of plants and flowers.
There is also the aquarium and various other public gardens and places of interest including the Pépinière and Parc Sainte-Marie (public gardens); the [[Musée de l'École de Nancy]], the Musée des Beaux-Arts and the Musée Lorrain amongst others.
{{Wide image|Panorama place stanislas nancy 2005-06-15.jpg|1024px|A panoramic view of [[Place Stanislas]]}}
==Culture==
At the turn of the 20th century, Nancy was a major centre of the [[Art Nouveau]] style with millions being spent on the refurbishment of Place Stanislas which was opened April 2005 by Jacques Chirac.
It is the seat of the [[Diocese of Nancy]] and the home of the [[Opéra national de Lorraine]].
==Transport==
Nancy is served by a '[[tram]]way on tyres', actually a [[guided bus]]way based on [[Bombardier Transportation]]'s [[Bombardier Guided Light Transit|Guided Light Transit]] technology. It has suffered many incidents and malfunctions, but now works without significant problems. This system is also used in [[Caen]], and will be installed in the city of [[Nijmegen]].
==Universities and colleges==
This is a list of institutions of higher learning in Nancy.
* [[Henri Poincaré University]] (''Université Henri Poincaré'', UHP, also known as Nancy 1) <ref>[http://www.uhp-nancy.fr Université Henri Poincaré - website]</ref>
* [[Nancy 2 University]] (''Université Nancy 2'') <ref>[http://www.univ-nancy2.fr Université Nancy 2 - website]</ref>
* [[National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine]] (''Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine'' or INPL)
* [[École des Beaux-Arts de Nancy]]
* [[ENSIC|École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques]] ([[ENSIC]])
* [[ENSGSI|École nationale supérieure en génie des systèmes industriels]] ([[ENSGSI]])
* [[ENSEM|École nationale supérieure d'électricité et de mécanique]] ([[ENSEM]])
* [[École nationale supérieure des Mines de Nancy]]
* [[École Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de l'Ingénieur de Nancy]] ([[ESSTIN]])
* [[École Supérieure d'Informatique et Applications de Lorraine]] ([[ESIAL]])
* [[Institut commercial de Nancy (ICN Nancy)]]
* [[Sciences Po Paris]] ([[French-German Undergraduate Campus]]) <ref>[http://www.franco-allemand.sciences-po.fr French-German Sciences Po campus - website]</ref>
== Sports ==
Nancy is home to two prestigious sport clubs : [[AS Nancy-Lorraine]] in football, and [[SLUC Nancy]] in basketball.
==Miscellaneous==
[[Image:Stan-Bus-Bahn-Nancy.jpg|thumb|250px|Nancy's guided busway, known as the 'tramway on tyres']]
[[Image:Place-stanislaus-nord-nancy.jpg|thumb|250px|Place Stanislas - Arc Héré]]
[[Image:Nancy Neptunbrunnen.jpg|thumb|250px|Place Stanislas - Fountain of Neptune]]
The [[N ray]], which turned out to be a figment of local physicist [[René-Prosper Blondlot|René-Prosper Blondlot's]] imagination, was named for Nancy.
Nancy's [[archaism|archaic]] [[German language|German]] name is ''Nanzig'', and a similar form ''Nanzeg'' is still used in [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]].
The motto of the city is ''Non inultus premor'', Latin for "No one touches me with impunity". This is very similar to the Scottish motto ''[[Nemo me impune lacessit]]'', and both are references to the thistle, which is a symbol of both [[Scotland]] and [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]].
===Native sons and daughters===
Nancy was the birthplace of:
* [[Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany]] (1565-1637)
* [[Éric Rohmer]] (b. 1920), film director
* [[Jacques Callot]] (c.1592-1635), [[baroque]] graphics artist, [[drawing|draftsman]] and [[printmaker]]
* [[Paul Colin]] (1892 - 1985), poster artist
* [[Louis Maimbourg]] (1610-1686), [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] and [[historian]]
* [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1708-1765), [[duke]] of Lorraine and later [[Holy Roman Emperor]]
* [[Jean François de Saint-Lambert]] (1716-1803), [[poet]]
* [[Joseph Ducreux]] (1735-1802), [[portrait painter]], [[pastel]]ist, [[portrait miniature|miniaturist]], and [[engraving|engraver]]
* [[Antoine Drouot]] (1774-1847), one of [[Napoleon]]'s generals
* [[Edmond de Goncourt]] (1822-1896), [[author]], critic, publisher, founder of the [[Académie Goncourt]]
* [[Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville]] (1827-1910), [[historian]] and [[philologist]]
* [[Émile Gallé]] (1846-1904), [[Art Nouveau]] artist
* [[René-Prosper Blondlot]] (1849-1930), [[physicist]], best remembered for his mistaken identification of [[N rays]]
*[[Aimé Morot]] (1850-1913), painter
* [[Henri Poincaré]] (1854-1912), [[mathematician]], [[theoretical scientist]] and [[Philosophy of science|philosopher of science]]
* [[Hubert Lyautey]] (1854-1934), [[Marshal of France]]
* [[Lucien Febvre]] (1878-1956), [[historian]]
* [[Henri Cartan]] (b. 1904), [[mathematician]]
* [[Pierre Schaeffer]] (1910-1995), noted as the inventor of [[musique concrète]]
* [[François Jacob]] (b. 1920), [[biologist]]
* [[Pascal Dusapin]] (b. 1955), [[composer]]
* [[Najoua Belyzel]] (b. 1981) [[singer]]
* [[Matthieu Delpierre]] (b. 1981), [[football (soccer)|football]]er
* [[Jean-Baptiste Isabey]] (1767-1855), painter
* [[Lucien Weissenburger]] (1860-1929), architect
* (François-)[[Emile André]] (1871-1933), architect
* [[Arnaud Vincent]] (b. 1974), motorcycle racer
===Hometown of these fictional characters===
* [[René François Artois]] ('Allo 'Allo)
* [[René Artois]] ('Alllo 'Allo [Twin brother of René François Artois])
* [[Madame de Verquin]] A fictional libertine in [[Marquis de Sade]]'s short story [[Florville and Courval]].
===Sister cities===
* {{flagicon|UK}} - [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], [[United Kingdom]] ''(since 1954)''
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} - [[Liège (city)|Liège]], [[Belgium]] ''(since 1954)''
* {{flagicon|Germany}} - [[Karlsruhe]], [[Germany]] ''(since 1955)''
* {{flagicon|Italy}} - [[Padua]], [[Italy]] ''(since 1964)''
* {{flagicon|Japan}} - [[Kanazawa, Ishikawa|Kanazawa]], [[Japan]] ''(since 1973)''
* {{flagicon|Israel}} - [[Qiryat Shemona]], [[Israel]] ''(since 1984)''
* {{flagicon|Poland}} - [[Lublin]], [[Poland]] ''(since 1988)''
* [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|20px|]] [[Image:Flag of Ohio.svg|20px]] - [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]], [[United States]] ''(since 1991)''
==Notes==
<references/>
==See also==
* [[Battle of Nancy (1944)]] - The [[United States|American]] [[World War II]] operation to liberate Nancy.
* [[Hunting of Jean-Baptiste]], a famed wolf-hunt that began in Nancy
==External links==
{{commons|Nancy}}
* {{fr icon}} [http://www.mairie-nancy.fr/ City council website]
* {{en icon}} [http://www.ot-nancy.fr/uk/centre_historique/index.php Tourist office website]
* [http://gregory.jacquier.free.fr/photos/nancy/nancy.php Photographs of Nancy] by Gregory Jacquier
* [http://www.laplusbelleplacedumonde.com/ Place Stanislas Nancy]
* [http://www.nancy.fr/documents/html/xwebcamhd.htm Place Stanislas Live Webcam]
* {{fr icon}} [http://nancylorraineeurope.blog.lemonde.fr/ Young European Federalists in Nancy and around in Lorraine]
* {{fr icon}} [http://www.cjbn.uhp-nancy.fr/Francais/index.php4 Botanical Gardens]
=== Art Nouveau-related links ===
* {{fr icon}} [http://edn.fitech.fr/aujourdhui/men/index.html Official website of le Musée de l'Ecole de Nancy (the museum of the Nancy style of Art Nouveau]
* {{en icon}} [http://www.ot-nancy.fr/anglais/decouverte/musees/men.htm Nancy tourism office page on the "School of Nancy" Museum]
* {{fr icon}} [http://edn.fitech.fr/aujourdhui/architecture/index.html A walking tour of Nancy's Art Nouveau architecture] including photos
{{Préfectures of départements of France}}
{{World Heritage Sites in France}}
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