National Center for Biotechnology Information
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[[Image:US-NLM-NCBI-Logo.svg|140px|thumb|National Center for Biotechnology Information logo]] The '''National Center for Biotechnology Information''' ('''NCBI''') is part of the [[United States National Library of Medicine]] (NLM), a branch of the [[National Institutes of Health]]. The NCBI is located in [[Bethesda, Maryland]]({{coord|38.994994|-77.099339|display=inline,title|region:landmark}}) and was founded in [[1988]] through legislation sponsored by Senator [[Claude Pepper]]. The NCBI houses [[genome]] [[sequencing]] data in [[GenBank]] and an index of biomedical research articles in [[PubMed Central]] and [[PubMed]], as well as other information relevant to [[biotechnology]]. All these databases are available online through the [[Entrez]] search engine.
The NCBI is directed by [[David Lipman]], one of the original authors of the [[BLAST]] sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in [[Bioinformatics]]. He also leads an intramural research program, including groups led by [[Stephen Altschul]] (another [[BLAST]] co-author), David Landsman, and [[Eugene Koonin]] (a prolific author on [[comparative genomics]]).
== GenBank ==
{{main|GenBank}}
The NCBI has had responsibility for making available the GenBank [[DNA]] [[Biological_databases|sequence database]] since 1992. GenBank coordinates with individual laboratories and other sequence databases such as those of the [[European Molecular Biology Laboratory]] (EMBL) and the [[DNA Database of Japan]] (DDBJ).
Since [[1992]], NCBI has grown to provide other databases in addition to GenBank. NCBI provides [[Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man]], the Molecular Modeling Database (3D protein structures), [[dbSNP]] a database of [[Single Nucleotide Polymorphism]]s, the Unique Human Gene Sequence Collection, a Gene Map of the [[Human genome]], a Taxonomy Browser, and coordinates with the National Cancer Institute to provide the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project. The NCBI assigns a unique identifier (Taxonomy ID number) to each species of organism.
The NCBI has software tools that are available by [[World Wide Web|WWW]] browsing or by FTP. For example, [[BLAST]] is a sequence similarity searching program. BLAST can do sequence comparisons against the GenBank DNA database in less than 15 seconds.
==NCBI Bookshelf==
The '''NCBI Bookshelf''' is a collection of freely available, on-line versions of selected biomedical books. As of March 2006, the Bookshelf had [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books 55 titles] covering aspects of [[molecular biology]], [[biochemistry]], [[cell biology]], [[genetics]], [[microbiology]], a couple of disease states from a molecular and cellular point of view, research methods, and [[virology]]. Some of the books are online versions of previously published books, while others, such as [[Coffee Break (book)]], are written and edited by NCBI staff. The Bookshelf is a complement to the [[Pubmed|Entrez PubMed]] repository of [[Peer review|peer-reviewed publication]] abstracts in that Bookshelf contents provide established perspectives on evolving areas of study and a context in which many disparate individual pieces of reported research can be organized.
==See also==
* [[National Institutes of Health]]
* [[United States National Library of Medicine]]
* [[Medline]]
* [[Entrez]]
* [[PubMed]]
* [[GenBank]]
* [[dbSNP]]
==External links==
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Website for the National Center for Biotechnology Information]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=books NCBI Bookshelf Title List]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez Entrez PubMed]
[[Category:Bioinformatics organizations]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1988]]
[[Category:Organizations based in the United States]]
[[Category:National Institutes of Health|Biotechnology Information]]
[[ca:Centre Nacional per a la Informació Biotecnològica]]
[[de:National Center for Biotechnology Information]]
[[es:Centro Nacional para la Información Biotecnológica]]
[[fr:National Center for Biotechnology Information]]
[[it:National Center for Biotechnology Information]]
[[he:NCBI]]
[[nl:National Center for Biotechnology Information]]
[[ja:NCBI]]
[[pl:NCBI]]
[[ru:Национальный центр биотехнологической информации]]
[[tr:National Center for Biotechnology Information]]
[[uk:Національний центр біотехнологічної інформації]]
[[zh:美国国家生物技术信息中心]]