National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act
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The '''National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act''' (NCVIA) of [[1986]] (42 U.S.C. ยงยง 300aa-1 to 300aa-34) was enacted in the [[United States]] to reduce the potential financial liability of [[vaccine]] makers due to [[vaccine injury]] claims. The legislation was aimed at ensuring a stable market supply, and to provide cost-effective [[arbitration]] for vaccine injury claims. Under the NCVIA, the [[National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program]] (NVICP) was created to provide a federal no-fault system for compensating vaccine-related injuries or death by establishing a claim procedure involving the [[United States Court of Federal Claims]] and [[special master]]s.
==NCVIA provisions==
===Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System===
The NCVIA also mandates that all health care providers must report certain [[Adverse effect (medicine)|adverse events]] following vaccination to the [[Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System]] (VAERS).
The NCVIA also established a committee from the [[Institute of Medicine]] (IOM) to review the existing literature on vaccine adverse events occurring after [[immunization]], regardless of whether there was a direct link between events.
===National Vaccine Program Office===
As a result of the NCVIA, the [[National Vaccine Program Office]] (NVPO) was established within the DHHS. The NVPO is responsible for coordinating immunization-related activities between all DHHS agencies, including the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC), [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA), [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) and the [[Health Resources and Services Administration]] (HRSA).
===Vaccine Information Statements===
The NCVIA requires all health care providers who administer vaccines containing [[diphtheria]], [[tetanus]], [[pertussis]], [[polio]], [[measles]], [[mumps]], [[rubella]], [[hepatitis B]], [[Haemophilus influenzae]] type b and [[varicella]] must provide a [[Vaccine Information Statement]] (VIS) to the vaccine recipient, their parent or legal guardian prior to each dose.
A VIS must be given with every vaccination, including each dose in a multi-dose series. Each VIS contains a brief description of the disease, as well as the [[risk]]s and [[benefit]]s of the vaccine. Each VIS is developed by the CDC and distributed to state and local health departments as well as individual providers.
==References==
* [http://www.hrsa.gov/osp/vicp/table.htm HRSA.gov] - 'National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act: Vaccine Injury Table', [[United States Department of Health and Human Services]] (DHHS)
* [http://www.hrsa.gov/osp/vicp/qanda.htm HRSA.gov] - 'Commonly Asked Questions About The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program', DHHS (last updated December 18, 2002)
==External links==
* [http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vacsafe/ CDC.gov] - 'Overview of Vaccine Safety', [[National Immunization Program]]
* [http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cases/vaccines/ncvica.htm LSU.edu] - 'Vaccine Law: National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act', [[Louisiana State University]]
* [http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/ VaccineSafety.edu] - 'Institute for Vaccine Safety', [[Johns Hopkins University]] Bloomberg School of Public Health
{{Vaccines}}
[[Category:1986 in law]]
[[Category:United States federal healthcare legislation]]
[[Category:Vaccination]]
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