Nausea
62576
226065754
2008-07-16T17:55:52Z
212.72.194.230
/* Causes */
{{SignSymptom infobox |
Name = Nausea |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|11||r|10}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|787.0}} |
}}
{{otheruses}}
{{unsourced|article|date=June 2008}}
'''Nausea''' ([[Latin]]: ''Nausea'', [[Greek language|Greek]]: ''{{Polytonic|Ναυτεία}}'', "[[sea-sickness]]") is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the [[stomach]] with an urge to [[vomit]].
==Causes==
Nausea is not a sickness, but rather a symptom of several conditions, many of which are not related to the stomach. Nausea is often indicative of an underlying condition elsewhere in the body. [[Motion sickness|Travel sickness]], which is due to confusion between perceived movement and actual movement, is an example. The sense of equilibrium lies in the ear and works together with eyesight. When these two don't "agree" to what extent the body is actually moving the symptom is presented as nausea even though the stomach itself has nothing to do with the situation. The reason for the stomach's involvment is thought to be the brain concluding that one of the senses is hallucinating, and further conclude that this is due to poison ingestion. The brain then induces vomiting to clear the supposed toxin.
Nausea is also an [[Adverse effect (medicine)|adverse effect]] of many drugs, and may also be an effect of a large intake of sugary foods.
In medicine, nausea can be a problem during some [[chemotherapy]] regimens and following [[general anaesthesia]]. Nausea is also a common symptom of [[pregnancy]], in which it is called "morning sickness." Mild nausea experienced during pregnancy can be normal, and should not be considered an immediate cause for alarm.
Other causes of nausea:
*[[Addison disease]]
*[[Rides|Amusement park rides]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Brain tumor]]
*[[Bulimia]]
*[[Cancer]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Crohn's disease]]
*[[Depression (mood)|Depression]]
*[[Diabetes]]
*[[Exercise induced nausea|Exercise]]
*[[Flu]]
*[[Food poisoning]]
*[[Gastroenteritis]]
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
*[[Gastroparesis]]
*[[Heart attack]]
*[[Hydrocephalus]]
*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
*[[Kidney failure]]
*[[Kidney stones]]
*[[Medication]]s
*[[Ménière's disease]]
*[[Migraine]]
*[[Morning sickness]]
*[[Narcotics]]
*[[Nervousness]]
*[[Norovirus]]
*[[Pancreatitis]]
*[[Peptic ulcer]]
*[[Sleep deprivation]]
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Tobacco smoking]] and [[Passive smoking|second-hand smoke]]
*[[Tullio phenomenon]]
*[[Withdrawal Syndrome]]
*[[Vertigo (medical)|Vertigo]]
*Vestibular [[balance disorder]]
*Viral [[hepatitis]]
*[[Acute HIV infection]]
==Treatment==
While short-term nausea and vomiting are generally harmless, they may sometimes indicate a more serious condition, such as [[coeliac disease]]. When associated with prolonged vomiting, it may lead to [[dehydration]] and/or dangerous electrolyte imbalances.
Symptomatic treatment for nausea and vomiting may include short-term avoidance of solid [[food]]. This is usually easy as nausea is nearly always associated with loss of [[appetite]]. If the patient is dehydrated, [[rehydration]] with oral or intravenous [[electrolyte]] solutions may be required. If the cause of the nausea is [[motion sickness]], then sitting down in a still environment may also help.
There are several types of [[antiemetic]]s, and researchers continue to look for more effective treatments. The main types used post-operatively for surgical patients are [[ondansetron]], [[dexamethasone]], [[promethazine]], [[diphenhydramine]], and in small doses [[droperidol]]. [[Doxylamine]] is the drug of choice in pregnancy-related nausea. When ingested or inhaled, the chemical compound [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] has been shown to reduce nausea in some users.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.drugpolicy.org/marijuana/medical/challenges/litigators/medical/conditions/nausea.cfm | title = Medicinal Uses of Marijuana: Nausea, Emesis and Appetite Stimulation | accessdate = 2007-08-02 | date = 2001 | author = Drug Policy Alliance}}</ref> Also available are a variety of non-invasive, but often untested, mechanical devices for suppressing nausea due to motion sickness.
The spices [[ginger]] and [[peppermint]] have also been used for centuries as a folk remedy to treat nausea, and recent research has supported this use.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ginger | author = University of Maryland Medical Centre | url = http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsHerbs/Gingerch.html | accessdate = 2007-08-02 | date = 2006 }}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.undiag.com/symptoms/nausea.php Nausea - causes, treatment and related information]
{{Gastroenterology}}
{{Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs}}
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Greek loanwords]]
[[gn:Py'ajere]]
[[bs:Mučnina (simptom)]]
[[da:Kvalme]]
[[de:Nausea]]
[[es:Náusea]]
[[eo:Vomemo]]
[[fa:تهوع]]
[[fr:Nausée (médecine)]]
[[io:Nauzeo]]
[[it:Nausea]]
[[he:בחילה]]
[[lt:Pykinimas]]
[[nl:Misselijkheid]]
[[ja:吐き気]]
[[no:Kvalme og brekninger]]
[[pl:Nudności]]
[[pt:Náusea]]
[[ru:Тошнота]]
[[scn:Nàusia]]
[[simple:Nausea]]
[[sk:Nauzea]]
[[sr:Наузеа]]
[[sv:Illamående]]
[[tr:Bulantı]]
[[yi:איבל]]
[[zh:恶心]]