Neckar
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{{Infobox River | river_name = Neckar
| image_name = Neckar near Heidelberg.jpg
| caption = Neckar river near Heidelberg.
| origin = [[Black Forest]]
| mouth = [[Rhine]]
| basin_countries = [[Germany]]
| length = 367 km
| elevation = 706 m
| discharge = 145 m³/s
| watershed = ±14,000 km²
}}
The '''Neckar''' is a 367-km long [[river]], mainly flowing through the southwestern [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Baden-Württemberg]], but also a short section through [[Hesse]] in [[Germany]], a major right tributary of the [[Rhine|River Rhine]], which it joins at [[Mannheim]]. Rising in the [[Black Forest]] near [[Villingen-Schwenningen]] in the conservation area ''Schwenninger Moos'' at a height of 706 m above sea level, it passes through [[Rottweil]], [[Rottenburg]], [[Tübingen]], [[Nürtingen]], [[Plochingen]], [[Esslingen am Neckar|Esslingen]], [[Stuttgart]], [[Ludwigsburg]], [[Marbach am Neckar|Marbach]], [[Heilbronn]] and [[Heidelberg]], before discharging into the Rhine at Mannheim (at 95 m above sea level).
Along its valley in the [[Odenwald]] hills, many castles can be found, like [[Burg Hornberg]] and [[Burg Guttenberg]] in [[Haßmersheim]], but also the closed [[Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant]]. After passing Heidelberg, the Neckar discharges on average 145 m³/s of water into the Rhine, which makes the Neckar its 4th largest tributary, and the 10th largest river in Germany.
The name ''Neckar'' was derived via ''Nicarus'' und ''Neccarus'' from [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] ''Nikros'', meaning ''wild water'' or ''wild fellow''. Since about 1100, Black Forest wood was transported by [[timber rafting]], e.g. to Holland for the use in [[shipyard]]s.
During the 19th century, traditional [[horse-drawn boat]]s were replaced by steam boats that used a 155-km long chain in the river to pull themselves upstream. The railway made it possible to transport timber to the port of Heilbronn, limiting timber rafting to the lower part of the Neckar after 1899. Thanks to the construction of 11 locks, ships up to 1500t could travel to Heilbronn in 1935.
[[Image:Neckar watershed closer.gif|right |thumb|300px| The Neckar river in southwest Germany, flows from south to north, emptying to the [[Rhine]] at Mannheim.]]
[[Image:Germany Tübingen Reflection-in-Neckar.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Houses in [[Tübingen]] reflected in the Neckar]]
[[Image:Neckar-Stuttgart.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Neckar river in [[Stuttgart]]]]
By 1968, the last of 27 locks, at [[Deizisau]], was completed, making the Neckar navigable for [[cargo ship]]s about 200 km upstream from Mannheim up to the river [[port]] of [[Plochingen]], where the [[Fils River|Fils]] joins, and where the Neckar bends, taking a Northwestern instead of a Northeastern direction. Other important ports include [[Stuttgart]], [[Heilbronn]] and [[Mannheim]].
The river's course provides a popular route for cyclists, especially during the summer months. Its steep valley sides are used as [[vineyard]]s, to cultivate mainly [[Trollinger]].
==Towns along the Neckar==
From its source to its confluence with the Rhine:
*[[Villingen-Schwenningen]]
*[[Rottweil]]
*[[Oberndorf am Neckar]]
*[[Sulz am Neckar]]
*[[Horb am Neckar]]
*[[Rottenburg am Neckar]]
*[[Tübingen]]
*[[Nürtingen]]
*[[Plochingen]]
*[[Esslingen am Neckar|Esslingen (am Neckar)]]
*[[Stuttgart]]
*[[Fellbach]]
*[[Ludwigsburg]]
*[[Freiberg am Neckar]]
*[[Benningen am Neckar]]
*[[Marbach am Neckar]]
*[[Besigheim]]
*[[Heilbronn]]
*[[Heidelberg]]
*[[Neckarsulm]]
*[[Mosbach]]
*[[Eberbach (Baden)|Eberbach]]
*[[Heidelberg]]
*[[Mannheim]]
== Main tributaries ==
* [[Eschach]] (left side, at [[Rottweil]]-Bühlingen)
* [[Ammer]] (left side, at [[Lustnau|Tübingen-Lustnau]])<!--
-->[[Image:Koersch Einfluss Neckar.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The River Koersch, a tributary, flows into the Neckar opposite the Altbach power station]]
* [[Echaz]] (right side, at [[Kirchentellinsfurt]])
* [[Lauter]] (right side, at [[Wendlingen]])
* [[Fils River|Fils]] (right side, at [[Plochingen]])
* [[Nesenbach]] (left side, at [[Stuttgart]]-Ost)
* [[Rems]] (right side, at [[Remseck]])
* [[Murr]] (right side, at [[Marbach am Neckar|Marbach]])
* [[Enz]] (left side, at [[Besigheim]])
* [[Zaber]] (left side, at [[Lauffen]])
* [[Sulm (German river)|Sulm]] (right side, at [[Neckarsulm]])
* [[Kocher]] (right side, at [[Bad Friedrichshall]])
* [[Jagst]] (right side, at [[Bad Wimpfen]])
* [[Elz]] (right side, at [[Mosbach]]-Neckarelz)
<timeline>
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AlignBars = early
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:0 till:200000
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# there is no automatic collision detection,
# so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap
Define $dx = 15 # shift text to right side of bar
Define $dy = -3 # shift text down
Colors =
id:wasser value:blue legend:Neckar
id:schleuse value:yellow legend:Lock
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom
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bar:Schleusen color:wasser width:25 mark:(line,schleuse) align:left fontsize:M
from:0 till:200000
at:6200 shift:($dx,$dy) color:wasser text: 6.2 km Feudenheim Lock
at:17700 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 17.7 km Schwabenheim Lock
at:26100 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 26.1 km Heidelberg Lock
at:30800 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 30.8 km Neckargemünd Lock
at:39300 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 39.3 km Neckarsteinach Lock
at:47700 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 47.7 km Hirschhorn Lock
at:61400 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 61.4 km Rockenau Lock
at:72200 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 72.2 km Guttenbach Lock
at:85900 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 85.9 km Neckarzimmern Lock
at:93800 shift:($dx,$dy) text: 93.8 km Gundelsheim Lock
at:103900 shift:($dx,$dy) text:103.9 km Kochendorf Lock
at:113600 shift:($dx,$dy) text:113.6 km Heilbronn Lock
at:117500 shift:($dx,$dy) text:117.5 km Horkheim Lock
at:125100 shift:($dx,$dy) text:125.1 km Lauffen Lock
at:136200 shift:($dx,$dy) text:136.2 km Besigheim Lock
at:143000 shift:($dx,$dy) text:143.0 km Hessigheim Lock
at:150100 shift:($dx,$dy) text:150.1 km Pleidelsheim Lock
at:157600 shift:($dx,$dy) text:157.6 km Marbach Lock
at:165000 shift:($dx,$dy) text:165.0 km Poppenweiler Lock
at:171400 shift:($dx,$dy) text:171.4 km Aldingen Lock
at:176200 shift:($dx,$dy) text:176.2 km Hofen Lock
at:182700 shift:($dx,$dy) text:182.7 km Cannstatt Lock
at:186700 shift:($dx,-5) text:186.7 km Untertürkheim Lock
at:189500 shift:($dx,$dy) text:189.5 km Obertürkheim Lock
at:194000 shift:($dx,-8) text:194.0 km Esslingen Lock
at:194800 shift:($dx,1) text:194.8 km Oberesslingen Lock
at:199500 shift:($dx,$dy) text:199.5 km Deizisau Lock
</timeline>
== Links==
* [http://www.cvb-heidelberg.de/index_eng.html Old Town Heidelberg on the river Neckar]
* [http://www.Neckar-Tourismus.de/ Tourism Information of the river Neckar](German)
{{Rhine Tributaries}}
[[Category:Rivers of Germany]]
[[Category:Rhine basin]]
[[Category:Geography of Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Geography of Hesse]]
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