Neotame
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219129184
2008-06-13T18:31:14Z
Sono hito
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/* Controversies */
{{Chembox new
|ImageFile=Neotame.png
|ImageSize=200px
|IUPACName= <small><nowiki>(3''R'')-3-(3,3-Dimethylbutylamino)-4-[[(1''R'')-2-methoxy-2-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)ethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid</nowiki></small>
|OtherNames=
|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo=165450-17-9
| PubChem=3081923
| SMILES=CC(C)(C)CCNC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)OC
}}
|Section2= {{Chembox Properties
| Formula=C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>30</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>
| MolarMass=378.46 g/mol
| Appearance=
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|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards=
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}}
'''Neotame''' is an [[artificial sweetener]] made by [[NutraSweet]] that is between 8,000 and 13,000 times sweeter than [[sucrose]] (table sugar). Neotame is moderately heat stable and extremely potent, and is considered to be of no danger to those suffering from [[phenylketonuria]], as it does not [[metabolism|metabolize]] into [[phenylalanine]].<ref>Science Toys, Ingredient Listings. [http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/neotame.html "Neotame Ingredients"]. Accessed [[August 31]] [[2007]].</ref> The product is rapidly metabolized, completely eliminated, and does not accumulate in the body.<ref>Dr. Abbott, P.J. [http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v52je08.htm "Neotame"], "International Programme on Chemical Safety". Accessed [[August 31]] [[2007]].</ref> The major metabolic pathway is [[hydrolysis]] of the methyl [[ester]] by [[esterase]]s that are present throughout the body, which yields de-esterified neotame and [[methanol]].
Because only trace amounts of neotame are needed to sweeten foods, the amount of methanol derived from neotame is much lower than that found in common foods, such as fruit and vegetable juices.
The product is attractive to food manufacturers as its use greatly lowers the cost of production compared to using sugar or high fructose corn syrup<ref>Food Navigator, Finance and Industry News. [http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/news/ng.asp?id=58489-cost-is-the "Cost is the key to neotame's success"]. Accessed [[August 31]] [[2007]].</ref> while also benefitting the consumer by providing fewer "empty" sugar calories and a lower impact on blood sugar.
It is chemically similar to the popular artificial sweetener [[aspartame]], but is used at vastly lower levels and is much more stable. Chemically, it has a 3,3-dimethylbutyl group attached to the [[amino group]] of the [[aspartic acid]] portion of the molecule. [[Peptidase]]s, which would typically break the peptide bond between the aspartic acid and phenylalanine moieties, are essentially blocked by the presence of the 3,3-dimethylbutyl moiety, thus reducing the production of [[phenylalanine]], thereby eliminating concerns those who suffer from [[phenylketonuria]].
Neotame was approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for general use in July 2002, but is not yet widely used in food products.
Neotame is assigned the [[International Numbering System]] (INS) food additive code 961<ref>International Life Sciences Institute, Summary of evaluations performed by JECFA. [http://jecfa.ilsi.org/evaluation.cfm?chemical=NEOTAME "JECFA Evaluations - Neotame"]. Accessed [[April 16]][[2008]].</ref>.
== Controversies ==
Although Monsanto claims that over 100 studies have been conducted on Neotame, the controversy relating to aspartame has caused a stir among opponents. Dr. Janet Hull, the author of Sweet Poison, objects to Neotame's use and believes it may pose similar threats as aspartame.<ref>http://www.sweetpoison.com/newsletter/february-2003.html#neotame</ref> Furthermore, although neotame is an analog of aspartame, food labels are not required to contain the PKU warning. As a consequence, physicians and scientists fear that PKU symptoms may manifest in patients who have unknowingly consumed excess phenylalanine.<ref>http://webhome.idirect.com/~wolfnowl/aspartame3.htm</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.neotame.com Official neotame website], Sweeteners Holdings, Inc.
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[[Category:Sweeteners]]
[[Category:Peptides]]
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[[es:Neotame]]
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