Nesomyinae 1287891 214060558 2008-05-21T23:04:40Z SamatBot 7027852 robot Adding: [[hu:Madagaszkáriegér-formák]] {{Taxobox | name = Malagasy rats and mice | fossil_range = Late [[Miocene]]? - Recent | image = Malagasy Giant Rat (Hypogeomys antimena).jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = The Malagasy giant rat ''[[Hypogeomys antimena]]'' has a body length of 30-35 cm (12-14 inches). | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Rodent]]ia | superfamilia = [[Muroidea]] | familia = [[Nesomyidae]] | subfamilia = '''Nesomyinae''' | subfamilia_authority = [[Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major|Forsyth Major]], 1897 | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]] | subdivision = ''[[Brachytarsomys]]''<br> ''[[Brachyuromys]]''<br> ''[[Eliurus]]''<br> ''[[Gymnuromys]]''<br> ''[[Hypogeomys]]''<br> ''[[Macrotarsomys]]''<br> ''[[Monticolomys]]''<br> ''[[Nesomys]]''<br> ''[[Voalavo]]'' }} The '''Malagasy rats and mice''' are the sole members of the subfamily '''Nesomyinae'''. These animals are the only native [[rodent]]s of [[Madagascar]], come in many shapes and sizes, and occupy a wide variety of [[ecological niche]]s. There are nesomyines that resemble [[gerbil]]s, [[rat]]s, [[mouse|mice]], [[vole]]s, and even [[rabbits]]. There are [[arboreal]], [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]], and semi-[[fossorial]] varieties. These [[rodent]]s are clearly most closely related to some [[muroid rodent]]s found on the [[Africa]]n mainland. Some [[molecular phylogeny|molecular phylogeneticists]] consider this clade of Malagasy and African rodents to represent a distinct family, the [[Nesomyidae]]. Other researchers place the Nesomyinae into a large family, [[Muridae]], along with all members of the superfamily [[Muroidea]]. It has been reported that the Nesomyinae is not [[monophyly|monophyletic]], but this has not been supported in other analyses. Additionally, there were problems with this particular study, notably the use of ''[[Calomyscus]]'' as an [[outgroup]] while more distantly related [[Muroidea|muroids]] ([[Rhizomyinae|rhyzomyines]]) were included in the [[ingroup]]. It seems likely that all [[rodent]]s in [[Madagascar]] are descendants from a single invasion of the island. If monophyletic, the nesomyines represent one of only five colonization events of terrestrial mammals from mainland Africa. The other groups are [[tenrec]]s, [[lemur]]s, [[Malagasy carnivoran]]s, and [[Bibymalagasia|bibymalagasians]]. [[Molecular clock]] analyses (Poux et al., 2005) suggest that the ancestor of the nesomyines colonized Madagascar about 20-25 million years ago. This is at approximately the same time as the Malagasy carnivorans, but is considerably more recent than the estimated colonization time of tenrecs and lemurs. The Nesomyinae contains 10 [[genus|genera]] and 14 [[species]]. ==Taxonomy== *Subfamily Nesomyinae - Malagasy rats and mice **Genus ''Brachytarsomys'' - Malagasy white-tailed rat ***''[[Brachytarsomys albicauda]]'' **Genus ''[[Brachyuromys]]'' - Malagasy short-tailed rats ***''[[Brachyuromys betsileoensis]]'' ***''[[Brachyuromys ramirohitra]]'' **Genus ''[[Eliurus]]'' - Tufted-tailed rats ***''[[Eliurus danieli]]'' ***''[[Eliurus majori]]'' ***''[[Eliurus minor]]'' ***''[[Eliurus myoxinus]]'' ***''[[Eliurus penicillatus]]'' ***''[[Eliurus tanala]]'' ***''[[Eliurus webbi]]'' **Genus ''Gymnuromys'' - Voalavoanala *** ''[[Gymnuromys roberti]]'' - Voalavoanala **Genus ''Hypogeomys'' - Malagasy giant rat ***''[[Hypogeomys antimena]]'' - Malagasy giant rat **Genus ''[[Macrotarsomys]]'' - Big-footed mice ***''[[Macrotarsomys bastardi]]'' ***''[[Macrotarsomys ingens]]'' ***''[[Macrotarsomys petteri]]'' **Genus ''Monticolomys'' ***''[[Monticolomys koopmani]]'' **Genus ''Nesomys'' - Island Mouse ***''[[Nesomys rufus]]'' **Genus ''[[Voalavo]]'' ***''[[Voalavo antsahabensis]]'' ***''[[Voalavo gymnocauda]]'' ==References== *Jansa, S. A., S. M. Goodman, and P. K. Tucker. 1999. [[Molecular phylogeny]] and [[biogeography]] of the native [[rodent]]s of [[Madagascar]] ([[Muridae]], Nesomyinae): a test of the single origin hypothesis. Cladistics, 15:253-270. *Jansa, S. A. and M. Weksler. [[Phylogeny]] of [[Muroidea|muroid]] [[rodent]]s: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP [[gene]] sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31:256-276. *Michaux, J., A. Reyes, and F. Catzeflis. 2001. Evolutionary history of the most speciose [[mammal]]s: molecular [[phylogeny]] of [[Muroidea|muroid]] [[rodent]]s. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17:280-293. *Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's [[Mammal]]s of the World, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London. *Poux, C., O. Madsen, E. Marquard, D. R. Vieites, W. W. de Jong, and M. Vences. 2005. Asynchronous colonization of Madagascar by the four endemic clades of primates, tenrecs, carnivores, and rodents as inferred from nuclear genes. Systematic Biology, 54:719-730. *Steppan, S. J., R. A. Adkins, and J. Anderson. 2004. Phylogeny and divergence date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes. Systematic Biology, 53:533-553. {{Nesomyidae nav}} [[Category:Nesomyid rodents]] [[Category:Endemic fauna of Madagascar]] [[de:Madagaskar-Ratten]] [[fr:Nesomyinae]] [[it:Nesomyinae]] [[hu:Madagaszkáriegér-formák]]