Neum
806280
225796406
2008-07-15T13:11:22Z
BIL
661572
/* Geography */
{{Infobox Settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
|official_name = {{PAGENAME}}
|settlement_type =
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{BIH}}
|timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]]
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|map_caption =Location of {{PAGENAME}} within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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native_name = Neum|
image_shield = |
leader_name = [[Đure Obradović]] ([[Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina|HDZ]])|leader_title= Municipality president|subdivision_name1 = [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]|
area_total_km2 = |
population_total = 4268|population_footnotes=|
|population_as_of = 1991 census|
population_density_km2 = |
pushpin_map =Bosnia and Herzegovina
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Neum
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latm= 55|
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area_code = +387 36|
website = http://www.neum.ba|
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[[Image:Neum-Bosnia.Herzegovina.jpg|thumb|250px|Neum]]
[[Image:NeumCoastBH.jpg|thumb|250px|Neum]]
'''Neum''' ([[Latin]] ''Neum'', [[Greek language|Greek]] ''Nèon'', ''Νεον'') is the only seaside town in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. Around it there is about 21 km (13 miles) of coastline which is the only access of this country to the [[Adriatic Sea]]. It is located in the [[Herzegovina-Neretva Canton]] of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] entity.
==Features==
Neum has steep hills, sandy beaches and several large tourist hotels. Prices tend to be lower here than in neighboring [[Croatia]], making it popular with shoppers. [[Tourism]], and the commerce it brings, is the leading contributor to the economy of the area. Border formalities with Croatia are relaxed at peak times.
Neum has around 5000 beds for tourists, 1810 in hotels with the remaining capacity in motels, villas and in private accommodation. Tourism in Neum is active only in the coastal region. The inland area behind Neum has a rich [[archaeological]] history and untouched [[wilderness]] and is starting to develop agricultural tourism.
The city hosts a yearly music festival called [[Etnofest Neum]].
==Climate==
Neum has long, warm summers and short, mild winters. It ranks among the coastal towns with the most sunny days per year.
The average sea temperature ranges from 13ºC (55ºF) in January to 32ºC (90ºF) in July and August. Popular activities include [[swimming]] and [[sun bathing]], walks along the beach, boating and various water-sports.
==Geography==
Neum is 60 km (about 40 miles) from [[Dubrovnik]] (80 km - about 50 miles - from the Dubrovnik airport), 70 km (about 45 miles) from [[Mostar]] and [[Međugorje]] and 30 km (about 20 miles) from Pločeand [[Metković]], both of which have railway stations.
The Neum region cuts Croatia into two non-contiguous parts. This is a result of the [[Treaty of Karlowitz]] of [[1699]]. In this treaty the [[Republic of Dubrovnik]] gave the Neum region to the Ottoman Empire to ensure that it would not border on the encroaching [[Venetian Republic]].
The fact that the border into Bosnia and Herzegovina must be crossed to reach the southernmost region of Croatia has caused the [[Croatian Government]] to plan a [[Pelješac bridge|bridge from Klek to Pelješac]] to circumvent the area. Since this could potentially violate Bosnia Herzegovina rights under the International Law of the Sea, these plans have been put on hold until a mutually satisfactory solution can be reached.
Neum is not of any importance as a freight port. Among other reasons, the road to the rest of Bosnia is of far too bad quality, not suitable for heavy vehicles. The road is more suitable as an tourist adventure road. There are plans to build a real seaport and a better road, therefore the Croatian bridge must have a high clearence according to Bosnian view.
The main freight port for Bosnia today is [[Ploče]] (Croatia) further north, which has a railway to Bosnia-Herzegovina.
==Demographics==
===1971===
4,781 total
* Croats - 4,281 (89.54%)
* Serbs - 224 (4.68%)
* Muslims - 218 (4.55%)
* Yugoslavs - 13 (0.27%)
* Others - 45 (0.96%)
===1991===
In 1991, the municipality of Neum had 4,268 people:
*3738 [[Croats]] (87.6%)
*209 [[Serbs]] (4.9%)
*196 [[Bosniaks]] (4.7%)
*92 [[Yugoslavs]] (2.1%)
*33 others (Mixed) (0.7%).
The town of Neum itself had 1,993 residents:
*94% Croats
*3% Serbs
*2% Bosniaks
*1% others (Mixed).
==History==
The [[Ragusan Republic]] gave the region of Neum to the Turks in the war between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire. It gave the Turkish army access to the sea, but just as important to Ragusa it gave them a protection from the Venetian territories.
The Ragusan Republic relinquished the region of Klek - Neum to the Turks in the war between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire (second half of the 17th c.) as an exit to the sea and a protection corridor between the territories held by Ragusa and the Venetian territories (in Dalmatia). For the last time the Turks used the bay for military purposes while withdrawing after the entering of Austria into Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878.
The town was host to a conference entitled the [[Constitutional-law position of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] in late October [[2005]].
==See also==
* [[Sutorina]]
* [[Dubrovnik Highlands]]
* [[Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
==External links==
*[http://www.neum.ba/ Official website of Neum] (In Croatian and English)
*[http://www.infoneum.com/index.php Neum City info]
*[http://www.europecity.info/bosnia-herzegovina/neum/ Neum City info]
*[http://www.neumwireless.org/ Wireless network in Neum City]
*[http://www.klek.info/neum/ Info and accommodation in Neum]
{{Herzegovina-Neretva Canton}}
{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{coor title dm|42|55|N|17|37|E|region:BA_type:city}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Coastal cities]]
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