New World quail 256028 218587770 2008-06-11T09:12:59Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[sv:Tofsvaktlar]] {{Taxobox | name = New World quails | image = Callipepla californica2.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = [[California Quail]], ''Callipepla californica'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Galliformes]] | familia = '''Odontophoridae''' | familia_authority = [[John Gould|Gould]], 1844 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = *''[[Dendrortyx]]'' *''[[Oreortyx]]'' *''[[Callipepla]]'' *''[[Philortyx]]'' *''[[Colinus]]'' *''[[wood-quail|Odontophorus]]'' *''[[Dactylortyx]]'' *''[[Cyrtonyx]]'' *''[[Rhynchortyx]]'' }} The '''New World quails''' are small birds only distantly related to the [[quail]]s of the [[Old World]], but named for their similar appearance and habits. The [[The Americas|American]] [[species]] are in their own family '''Odontophoridae''', whereas the Old World [[bird]]s are in the [[pheasant]] family [[Phasianidae]]. The family ranges from Canada through to southern [[Brazil]], and one species, the [[California Quail]], has been successfully [[introduced species|introduced]] to [[New Zealand]]. A variety of habitats are used by the family from tropical rainforest to deserts, although few species are capable of surviving at very low temperatures. There are 32 species in nine [[genus|genera]]. New World quails are generaly short winged, necked and tailed (although the genus ''[[Dendrortyx]]'' is long-tailed). The [[beak|bill]]s are short, slightly curved and serrated. The legs are short and powerful, and lack the spurs of many Old World galliforms. Although they are capable of short bursts of strong flight New World quails prefer to walk, and will run from danger (or hide), taking off explosively only as a last resort. [[Plumage]] varies from dull to spectacular, and many species have ornamental crests or plumes on the head. There is moderate [[sexual dimorphism|sexual dichromisim]] in plumage, with males having brighter plumage. The New World quails are shy [[diurnal]] birds and generally live on the ground; even the tree quails which roost in high trees generally feed mainly on the ground. They are generalists with regards to their diet, taking insects, seeds, vegetation and tubers. Desert living species in particular take a lot of seeds. Most of the information about the breeding biology of New World quails comes from North American species, which have been better studied than those of the Neotropics. The family is generally thought to be [[monogamy|monogamous]], and nest are constructed on the ground. Clutch sizes are large, a situation typical within the Galliformes, ranging from 3-6 eggs for the tree quails and wood quails, and as high as 10-15 for the [[Northern Bobwhite]]. [[Avian incubation|incubation]] takes between 16-30 days depending on the species. Chicks are [[precocial]] and quickly leave the nest to accompany the parents in large family groups. Northern Bobwhites and California Quail are popular [[gamebird]]s with many taken by hunters, but these species hav also had their ranges increased in order to meet hunting demand and are not [[threatened]]. Some species are threatened by human activity, such as the [[Bearded Tree Quail]] of Mexico, which is threatened by habitat loss and illegal hunting. ==Species==<!-- reviews: Auk100:33 --> '''FAMILY ODONTOPHORIDAE''' *'''Genus ''[[Dendrortyx]]''''' ** [[Bearded Tree Quail]], ''Dendrortyx barbatus'' ** [[Long-tailed Tree Quail]], ''Dendrortyx macroura'' ** [[Buffy-crowned Tree Quail]], ''Dendrortyx leucophrys'' *'''Genus ''Oreortyx''''' ** [[Mountain Quail]], ''Oreortyx pictus'' *'''Genus ''[[Callipepla]]'''''<!-- reviews: Auk115:394 --> ** [[Scaled Quail]], (commonly called Blue Quail) ''Callipepla squamata'' ** [[Elegant Quail]], ''Callipepla douglasii'' ** [[California Quail]], ''Callipepla californica'' ** [[Gambel's Quail]], ''Callipepla gambelii'' *'''Genus ''Philortyx''''' ** [[Banded Quail]], ''Philortyx fasciatus'' *'''Genus ''[[Colinus]]''''' ** [[Bobwhite Quail|Northern Bobwhite]], ''Colinus virginianus'' ** [[Black-throated Bobwhite]], ''Colinus nigrogularis'' ** [[Spot-bellied Bobwhite]], ''Colinus leucopogon'' ** [[Crested Bobwhite]], ''Colinus cristatus'' *'''Genus ''[[Odontophorus]]''''' ** [[Marbled Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus gujanensis'' ** [[Spot-winged Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus capueira'' ** [[Black-eared Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus melanotis'' ** [[Rufous-fronted Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus erythrops'' ** [[Black-fronted Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus atrifrons'' ** [[Chestnut Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus hyperythrus'' ** [[Dark-backed Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus melanonotus'' ** [[Rufous-breasted Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus speciosus'' ** [[Tacarcuna Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus dialeucos'' ** [[Gorgeted Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus strophium'' ** [[Venezuelan Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus columbianus'' ** [[Black-breasted Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus leucolaemus'' ** [[Stripe-faced Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus balliviani'' ** [[Starred Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus stellatus'' ** [[Spotted Wood Quail]], ''Odontophorus guttatus'' *'''Genus ''Dactylortyx''''' ** [[Singing Quail]], ''Dactylortyx thoracicus'' *'''Genus ''[[Cyrtonyx]]''''' ** [[Montezuma Quail]], ''Cyrtonyx montezumae'' ** [[Ocellated Quail]], ''Cyrtonyx ocellatus'' *'''Genus ''Rhynchortyx''''' ** [[Tawny-faced Quail]], ''Rhynchortyx cinctus'' ==References== * '''del Hoyo''', J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1994). '''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 2''': New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 8487334156 ==External links== * [http://www.gbwf.org/quail/index.html gbwf.org - Quail, Aviculture & Conservation] *[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=37 New World quail videos] on the Internet Bird Collection [[Category:Odontophoridae|*]] [[Category:Bird families]] [[Category:Game birds]] [[da:Topvagtler]] [[de:Zahnwachteln]] [[es:Odontophoridae]] [[fr:Odontophoridae]] [[he:שלווים אמריקניים]] [[lt:Dantytasnapės kurapkos]] [[hu:Fogasfürjfélék]] [[nl:Odontophorinae]] [[ja:ナンベイウズラ科 (Sibley)]] [[no:Tannvaktler]] [[pl:Przepióry]] [[pt:Odontophoridae]] [[ru:Зубчатоклювые куропатки]] [[fi:Amerikanviiriäiset]] [[sv:Tofsvaktlar]] [[vi:Họ Cút Tân thế giới]]