Newfoundland and Labrador 21980 223855427 2008-07-06T04:34:25Z Betterusername 6677551 {{two other uses|the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador|the island that makes up part of it|Newfoundland (island)|other meanings of "Newfoundland"|Newfoundland}} {{Infobox Province or territory of Canada | Name = Newfoundland and Labrador | AlternateName = ''Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador'' | Fullname = Province of Newfoundland and Labrador | EntityAdjective = Provincial | Official Logo = Newnllogo.jpg | Flag = Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador.svg | CoatOfArms = NFLarms.jpg | Map = Newfoundland_and_Labrador-map.png | Flower = [[Pitcher plant]] | Tree = [[Black Spruce]] | Bird = [[Atlantic Puffin]] | Motto = ''Quaerite prime regnum Dei''<br/><small>([[Latin]]: "Seek ye first the kingdom of God." A quote from The Gospel According to St. Matthew 6:33)</small> | OfficialLang = [[English language|English]] (''[[de facto]]'') | Capital = [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] | LargestCity = St. John's | LargestMetro = St. John's | Premier = [[Danny Williams (politician)|Danny Williams]] | PremierParty = [[Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador|PC]] | Viceroy = [[Edward Roberts]] | ViceroyType = Lieutenant-Governor | Viceroy = [[John Crosbie]] | ViceroyType = Lieutenant-Governor | PostalAbbreviation = NL (formerly NF) | PostalCodePrefix = [[List of A Postal Codes of Canada|A]] | AreaRank = 10<sup>th</sup> | TotalArea_km2 = 405212 | LandArea_km2 = 373872 | WaterArea_km2 = 31340 | PercentWater = 7.7 | PopulationRank = 9<sup>th</sup> | Population = 508,270 (est.)<ref>{{cite web | author= Statistics Canada|publisher= |title= Canada's population estimates 2008-06-25 |accessdate=2008-06-25 |url=http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/080625/d080625b.htm}}</ref> | PopulationYear = 2008 | DensityRank = 10<sup>th</sup> | Density_km2 = 1.35 | GDP_year = 2007 | GDP_total = C$29.034&nbsp;billion<ref>[http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/econ15.htm Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory]</ref> | GDP_rank = 8<sup>th</sup> | GDP_per_capita = C$57,348<ref>[http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/080515/d080515b.htm</ref> | GDP_per_capita_rank = 3<sup>th</sup> | AdmittanceOrder = 12<sup>th</sup> | AdmittanceDate = [[March 31]], [[1949]] | TimeZone = [[UTC]]-3.5 for Newfoundland<br>[[UTC]] -4 for Labrador(Black Tickle and North) | HouseSeats = 7 | SenateSeats = 6 | ISOCode = CA-NL | Website = www.gov.nl.ca }} '''Newfoundland and Labrador''' ({{IPAEng|ˌnuːfən(d)ˈlænd ən(d) læbrəˈdɔr}}) ({{lang-fr|Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador}}) is a [[Provinces and territories of Canada|province]] of [[Canada]], the tenth and latest to join the [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]. Geographically, the province consists of the island of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] and the mainland [[Labrador]], on Canada's [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast. On entry into Canada in 1949, the entire province was known as '''Newfoundland''', but since 1964, the province's government has referred to itself as the "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador", and on [[December 6]], [[2001]], an amendment was made to the [[Constitution of Canada]] to [[Geographical renaming|change the province's official name]] to "Newfoundland and Labrador." In day-to-day conversation, however, Canadians generally still refer to the province itself as "Newfoundland" and to the region within the province as "Labrador." While the name "Newfoundland" is derived from [[English language|English]] as "New Found Land" (a translation from the [[Latin language|Latin]] ''Terra Nova''), ''Labrador'' comes from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''lavrador'', a title meaning "landholder" held by [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] explorer of the region, [[João Fernandes|João Fernandes Lavrador]]. As of April 2008, the province's population is estimated to be 508,270.<ref>{{cite web | author= Statistics Canada|publisher= |title= Canada's population estimates 2008-06-25 |accessdate=2008-06-25 |url=http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/080625/d080625b.htm}}</ref> People from Newfoundland are called "Newfoundlanders" (and at times "[[Newfie]]s", though this can be seen as a [[pejorative]]) while people from Labrador are called "Labradorians". Newfoundland has its own dialects of the [[Newfoundland English|English]], [[Newfoundland French|French]], and [[Newfoundland Irish|Irish]] languages. The English dialect in Labrador shares much with that of Newfoundland. Furthermore, Labrador has its own dialects of [[Innu-aimun]] and [[Inuktitut]]. ==History== {{Main|History of Newfoundland and Labrador}} Human inhabitation in Newfoundland and Labrador can be traced back over 9000 years to the people of the Maritime Archaic Tradition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therooms.ca/museum/mnotes12.asp|title=Museum Notes - The Maritime Archaic Tradition|last= Tuck|first=James A. |publisher="The Rooms" Provincial museum |accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> They were gradually displaced by people of the [[Dorset Culture]] (paleoeskimos<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therooms.ca/museum/mnotes5.asp |title=Museum Notes - Palaeoeskimo in Newfoundland & Labrador|last=Renouf |first=M.A.P. |publisher="The Rooms" Provincial museum |accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> and finally by the [[Innu]] and [[Inuit]] in Labrador and the [[Beothuks]] on the island. The oldest known European contact was made over a thousand years ago when the [[Vikings]] briefly settled in [[L'Anse aux Meadows]]. Five hundred years later, European explorers ([[John Cabot]], [[Gaspar Corte-Real]], [[Jacques Cartier]] and others), fishermen from [[England]], [[Portugal]], [[France]] and [[Spain]] and [[Basque people|Basque]] [[Whaling|whalers]] (the remains of several whaling stations have been found at [[Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador]]) began exploration and exploitation of the area. The overseas expansion of [[British Empire]] began when [[Sir Humphrey Gilbert]] took possession of Newfoundland in the name of England in 1583. Apart from [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St.John's]], which was already established, early settlements were started at [[Cupids, Newfoundland and Labrador|Cupids]], [[Ferryland, Newfoundland and Labrador|Ferryland]] and other places.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/sponsored.html|title=Sponsored Settlement: The Colonization of Newfoundland|last=Hiller|first=J.K.|publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> [[Image:Newfoundland Red Ensign.png|thumb|left|200px|The Newfoundland Red Ensign was an unofficial commercial ensign from 1904 to 1931.]] During its history Newfoundland and Labrador have had many forms of government,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/default.html|title=Government and Politics|publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> including a time as the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]], equivalent in status to [[Canada]] and [[Australia]]. Newfoundland and Labrador became the tenth province of Canada on [[March 31]], [[1949]]. Newfoundland has been a battleground in numerous early wars among [[Great Britain]], [[France]], [[Spain]] and even the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/military_aspects.html|title=The Military Aspects of the Wars|last=Janzen|first=Olaf|publisher=Memorial University of Nwfoundland| accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> [[The Royal Newfoundland Regiment]] fought with distinction in [[World War I]]. Numerous bases were built in Newfoundland and Labrador by [[Canada]] and the [[United States]] during [[World War II]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/wwii.html|title=The Second World War 1939-1945|last=Cadigan|first=Sean |publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> particularly to safeguard the [[Atlantic]] [[convoys]] to Europe. Politics of the province were dominated by the [[Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador|Liberal Party]], led by Joseph R. Smallwood, from confederation until 1972. In 1972, the Smallwood government was replaced by the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador|Progressive Conservative]] administration of [[Frank Moores]]. In 1979, [[Brian Peckford]], another Progressive Conservative, became Premier. During this time, Newfoundland was involved in a dispute with the federal government for control of offshore oil resources. In the end, the dispute was decided by compromise. In 1989, [[Clyde Wells]] and the Liberal Party returned to power ending 17 years of Conservative government. [[Image:St. Laurent and Walsh shake hands.jpg|right|thumb|Newfoundland and Canadian Government delegation signing the agreement admitting Newfoundland to confederation in December 1948. Prime Minister [[Louis St. Laurent]] and [[Albert Walsh]] shake hands following signing of agreement.]] In the late 1980s, the federal government, along with its [[Crown corporation]] [[Petro-Canada]] and other private sector petroleum exploration companies, committed to developing the oil and gas resources of the [[Hibernia (oil field)|Hibernia]] oil field on the northeast portion of the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland|Grand Banks]]. Throughout the mid-1990s, thousands of Newfoundlanders were employed in the oil industry. The pressure of the oil and gas industry to explore offshore in Atlantic Canada saw Newfoundland and [[Nova Scotia]] submit to a [[Federal Court of Canada|federal arbitration]] to decide on a disputed offshore boundary between the two provinces in the Laurentian Basin. The 2003 settlement rewrote an existing boundary in Newfoundland's favour, opening this area up to energy exploration. In 1992 and again in 2003, the federal government declared moratoriums on the [[Atlantic cod]] fishery due to declining catches, which deeply affected the economy of Newfoundland. From late October 2004 to early January 2006, Premier Williams argued that then Prime Minister [[Paul Martin]] had not held up his promises for a new deal on the "Atlantic Accord". The issue is the royalties from oil. Toward the end of 2004, Williams ordered the [[Flag of Canada|Canadian flag]] to be removed from all provincial buildings as a protest against federal policies, and asked for municipal councils to consider doing the same. The flags went back up in January 2005 after much controversy nationwide. At the end of January, the federal government signed a deal to allow 100% of oil revenues to go to the province. ==Geography== {{main|Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador}} Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province in [[Canada]]. The [[Strait of Belle Isle]] separates the province into two geographical divisions, [[Labrador]] and island of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].<ref name="sve">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/environment/landscape.html|title=Landscape (of Newfoundland and Labrador)|last=Bell|first=Trevor|coauthors=Liverman, David |publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref> The province also includes over seven thousand small islands.<ref name="atlas">{{cite web|url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/islands.html|title= Atlas of Canada: Sea islands|publisher=Natural Resources Canada (Government of Canada)|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref> Newfoundland is roughly triangular, with each side being approximately 400&nbsp;kilometers (250&nbsp;mi), and having an area of 108,860&nbsp;square kilometers (41,700&nbsp;sq mi).<ref name="atlas"/> Newfoundland and its associated small islands have a total area of 111,390&nbsp;square kilometers (43,008&nbsp;sq mi).<ref name="NF gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.nf.ca/aboutnl/area.htm|title=About Newfoundland and Labrador:Land Area|publisher=Government of Newfoundland and Labrador|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref> Newfoundland extends between latitudes 46°36'N and 51°38'N.<ref name="abc">{{cite web|url=http://www2.marianopolis.edu/nfldhistory/Newfoundland%20geography.html|title=Newfoundland Geography|last=Bélanger|first=Claude|publisher= Marianopolis College|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref><ref name="cde">{{cite web|url=http://www.nlbusiness.ca/aboutnl/location.html|title=Location and Climate|publisher=Government of Newfoundland and Labrador|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref> Labrador is an irregular shape: the western part of its border with [[Quebec]] is [[drainage divide]] for the [[Labrador Peninsula]]. Lands drained by rivers that flow into the [[Atlantic Ocean]] are part of Labrador, the rest belongs to Quebec. Labrador’s extreme northern tip, at 60°22'N, shares a short border with [[Nunavut]]. Labrador’s area (including associated small islands) is 294,330&nbsp;square kilometers (113,641&nbsp;sq mi).<ref name="NF gov"/> Together, Newfoundland and Labrador make up 4.06% of Canada’s area.<ref name="atlas area">{{cite web |url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/surfareas.html|title= Atlas of Canada:Land and Freshwater Areas |publisher=Natural Resources Canada (Government of Canada)|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref> Labrador is the most eastern part of the [[Canadian Shield]], a vast area of ancient [[metamorphic rock]] comprising much of northeastern North America. Colliding [[plate tectonic|tectonic]] plates have shaped much of the geology of Newfoundland. [[Gros Morne National Park]] has a reputation of being an outstanding example of tectonics at work,<ref name="just">{{cite web|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/pm-wh/rspm-whsr/rapports-reports/r3_e.asp|title=Report on the State of Conservation of Gros Morne National Park|publisher=Parks Canada|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref> and as such has been designated a [[World Heritage Site]]. The [[Long Range Mountains]] on Newfoundland's west coast are the northeasternmost extension of the [[Appalachian Mountains]].<ref name="sve"/> The north-south extent of the province (46°36'N to 60°22'N), prevalent westerly winds, cold ocean currents and local factors such as mountains and coastline combine to create the various climates of the province.<ref name="tre">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/environment/climate.html|title=Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site: Climate |pubisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref> Northern Labrador is classified as a [[Polar region|polar]] [[tundra]] climate, southern Labrador is considered to be a [[subarctic climate]] while most of Newfoundland would be considered to have a [[humid continental climate]], Dfb: Cool summer subtype. ==Demographics== {{Main|Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador}} According to the 2001 Canadian census, [http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo26b.htm] the largest ethnic group in Newfoundland and Labrador is [[English people|English]] (39.4%), followed by [[Irish people|Irish]] (19.7%), [[Scottish people|Scottish]] (6.0%), [[French people|French]] (5.5%), and [[First Nations]] (3.2%). While half of all respondents also identified their ethnicity as "Canadian," 38% report their ethnicity as "Newfoundlander" in a 2003 StatsCan Ethnic Diversity Survey.<ref>[http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/030929/d030929a.htm The Daily, Monday, September 29, 2003. Ethnic Diversity Survey<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <div style="float:right:width:260px;margin-right:40px;"> [[Image:Miningstamp.jpg|right|thumb|200px|1897 Newfoundland postage stamp, the first in the world to feature mining.]] '''Population since 1951''' {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" !Year !Population !Five Year <br /> % change !Ten Year <br /> % change !Rank Among<br />Provinces |- |1951 ||361,416 ||n/a ||n/a ||9 |- |1956 ||415,074 ||14.8 ||n/a ||9 |- |1961 ||457,853 ||10.3 ||26.7 ||9 |- |1966 ||493,396 ||7.8 ||18.9 ||9 |- |1971 ||522,100 ||5.8 ||14.0 ||9 |- |1976 ||557,720 ||6.8 ||13.0 ||9 |- |1981 ||567,681 ||1.8 ||8.7 ||9 |- |1986 ||568,350 ||0.1 ||1.9 ||9 |- |1991 ||568,475 ||0.02 ||0.1 ||9 |- |1996 ||551,790 ||-2.9 ||-2.9 ||9 |- |2001 ||512,930 ||-7.0 ||-9.8 ||9 |- |2006* ||505,469 ||-0.6 ||-7.6 ||9 |} <small>''*Preliminary 2006 census estimate.''</small> ''Source: [[Statistics Canada]]''<ref>[http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo62b.htm StatCan 2001 Census] - population</ref><ref>[http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/060927/d060927a.htm Canada's population]. [[Statistics Canada]]. Last accessed September 28, 2006.</ref> ===Language=== The 2006 census returns showed a population of 505,469.<br />Of the 499,830 singular responses to the census question concerning 'mother tongue' the languages most commonly reported were: {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !Rank !Language !Respondents !Percentage |- |1. |English |488,405 |97.7% |- |2. |French |1,885 |0.4% |- |3. |Montagnais-Naskapi |1,585 |0.3% |- |4. |Chinese |1,080 |0.2% |- |5. |Spanish |670 |0.1% |- |6. |German |655 |0.1% |- |7. |Inuktitut |595 |0.1% |- |8. |Urdu |550 |0.1% |- |9. |Arabic |540 |0.1% |- |10. |Dutch |300 |0.1% |- |11. |Russian |225 |~ |- |12. |Italian |195 |~ |- |} Figures shown above are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses. There were also 435 responses of both English and a 'non-official language'; 30 of both French and a 'non-official language'; 295 of both English and French; 10 of English, French and a 'non-official language'; and about 14,305 people who either did not respond to the question, or reported multiple non-official languages, or else gave some other unenumerated response.<ref>{{cite paper |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89201&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=701&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=837929 |title=Statistics Canada catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006015 |date=2007}} </ref> ==Industry and economy== ''All currency is in Canadian dollars.'' In 2005 the [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) of Newfoundland and Labrador was approximately fourteen billion dollars.<ref name="econ">{{cite web |url= http://www.economics.gov.nl.ca/E2007/default.asp|title=Economic Research and Analysis 2007|publisher= Economics and Statistics Branch, Department of Finance, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Office of the Queens Printer|accessdate= 2008-06-17}}</ref> [[Tertiary sector of economic activity|Service industries]] accounted for over $8&nbsp;billion with financial services, health care and public administration being the top three contributors. Other significant industries are [[mining]], [[extraction of petroleum|oil production]] and manufacturing. The total workforce in 2005 was 215,000 persons.<ref name="econ"/> Traditional industries include [[mining]], [[fishery]] and forest-based industries ([[sawmills]] and [[paper mills]]). ===Mining and oil production=== Mines in Labrador, the [[iron ore]] mine at [[Wabush]]/[[Labrador City, Newfoundland and Labrador|Labrador City]], and the new [[nickel]] mine in [[Voisey's Bay]] produced a total of $2.5 billion worth of ore in 2006. A new mine at Duck Pond (30 kilometers (18 mi) south of the now-closed mine at [[Buchans, Newfoundland and Labrador|Buchans]]), started producing [[copper]], [[zinc]], [[silver]] and [[gold]] in 2007 and prospecting for new ore bodies continues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usetdas.com/TDAS/NewsArticle.aspx?NewsID=8859|title=Buchans mine|publisher=Filing Services Canada Inc|accessdate=2006-06-17}}</ref> Mining accounted for 3.5% of the provincial GDP in 2006.<ref name="econ"/> The province produces 55% of Canada’s total iron ore.<ref name="cef">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/environment/mineral.html|title=Mineral Resources|last=Bell|first=Trevor|coauthors= Liverman, David |publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland|accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> [[quarry|Quarries]] producing [[dimension stone]] such as [[slate]] and [[granite]], account for less than $10&nbsp;million worth of material per year.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nr.gov.nl.ca/mines&en/geosurvey/dimension/dimension.stm|title=Geological survey: Dimension stone in Newfoundland and Labrador|publisher=Natural Resources, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador|accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> [[extraction of petroleum|Oil production]] from offshore [[oil platforms]] on [[Hibernia (oil field)|Hibernia]], [[White Rose (oil field)|White Rose]] and [[Terra Nova (oil field)|Terra Nova]] [[oil fields]] on the [[Grand Banks]] was 110&nbsp;million [[Barrel (unit)|barrels]] which contributed 15% of the provinces GDP in 2006. Total production from the Hibernia field from 1997 to 2006 was 733&nbsp;million barrels with an estimated value of $36&nbsp;billion. Remaining reserves are estimated at almost 2&nbsp;billion barrels as of [[December 31]], [[2006]]. Exploration for new reserves is ongoing.<ref name="econ"/> ===Fishing and aquaculture=== The [[fishing]] industry remains an important part of the provincial economy, employing 26,000 and contributing over $440 million to the GDP. The combined harvest of fish such as [[cod]], [[haddock]], [[halibut]], [[herring]] and [[mackerel]] was 150,000&nbsp;tonnes (165,000&nbsp;tons) valued at about $130&nbsp;million in 2006. [[Shellfish]], such as [[crab]], [[shrimp]] and [[clams]], accounted for 195,000&nbsp;tonnes (215,000&nbsp;tons) with a value of $316&nbsp;million in the same year. The value of products from the [[Seal hunting|seal hunt]] was $55&nbsp;million.<ref name="econ"/> [[Aquaculture]] is a new industry for the province, which in 2006 produced over 10,000&nbsp;tonnes of [[Atlantic salmon]], [[mussels]] and [[steelhead trout]] worth over $50&nbsp;million.<ref name="econ"/> ===Manufacturing=== [[Newsprint]] is produced by [[paper mills]] in [[Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador|Grand Falls]], (capacity of 210,000&nbsp;tonnes (230,000&nbsp;tons) per year) and [[Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador|Corner Brook]], (capacity of 420,000&nbsp;tonnes (462,000&nbsp;tons) per year).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economics.gov.nl.ca/E2003/forestry.asp|title=The Economy 2003 - Newfoundland and Labrador Forestry and Agrifoods|publisher=Government of Newfoundland and Labrador|accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> The value of newsprint exports varies greatly from year to year, depending on the global market price. Lumber is produced by numerous mills in Newfoundland. Apart from [[seafood]] processing, [[paper]] manufacture and [[oil refining]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nlrefining.com/|title=Project Review |publisher=Newfoundland and Labrador Refining Corporation|accessdate=2008-06-17}}</ref> manufacturing in the province consists of smaller industries producing [[food]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.purity.nf.ca/|title=Purity Factories (Newfoundland food)|accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> [[brewing]] and other [[beverage]] production, and [[footware]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terrafootwear.com/profile/index.php|title=Footware manufacture in Newfoundland|accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> ===Agriculture=== Agriculture in Newfoundland in limited to areas south of [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], near [[Deer Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador|Deer Lake]] and in the [[Codroy Valley]]. [[Potatoes]], [[rutabaga]]s, known locally as "[[turnips]]", [[carrots]] and [[cabbage]] are grown for local consumption. [[Poultry]], [[Egg (food)|eggs]] and [[pork]] are also produced. Wild [[blueberries]], [[Vaccinium vitis-idaea|partridge berries]] and [[Cloudberry|bakeapples]] are harvested commercially and used in [[fruit preserves|jams]] and [[wine]] making.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rodrigueswinery.com/ | title=Rodriques Winery | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> ===Tourism=== [[Tourism]] is a significant part of the "new' economy in the province. In 2006 nearly 500,000 non-resident tourists visited Newfoundland and Labrador, spending an estimated $366 million.<ref name="econ"/> ==Provincial symbols== [[Image:NL 2007 SAMPLE.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[Vehicle registration plates of Newfoundland and Labrador|Current Newfoundland and Labrador license plate]]]] {| border=1 align=left cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" !Provincial Symbols |+<big></big> |- | '''Official Flower''' |[[Sarracenia purpurea|Purple Pitcher Plant]] |- | '''Official Tree''' |[[Black Spruce]] |- | '''Official Bird''' |[[Atlantic Puffin]] |- | '''Official Animal''' | [[Caribou]] |- | '''Official Game Bird''' | [[Ptarmigan]] |- | '''Official Mineral''' | [[Labradorite]] |- | '''Official Dog(s)''' | [[Newfoundland dog]] & [[Labrador Retriever]] |- | '''[[National Anthem|Provincial Anthem]]''' | ''[[Ode to Newfoundland]]'' |- | '''Provincial Holiday''' | [[June 24]], Discovery Day |- | '''[[Patron Saint]]''' | [[St. John the Baptist]] |- | '''Official tartan''' |[[Image:newfoundland.jpg|center|70px]] |- | '''Great Seal''' | [[Image:Greatsealofnewfoundland.jpg|center|70px]] |- |'''[[Coat of arms]]''' |[[Image:NFLarms.jpg|center|70px]] |- |'''[[Escutcheon (heraldry)|Escutcheon]]''' |[[Image:Coat of arms of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg|center|50px]] |- | '''Provincial Wordmark''' | [[Image:Logo-NFLD.jpg|center|100px]] |} {{clear}} == Notable people == {{main|:Category:People from Newfoundland and Labrador|l1=Category:People from Newfoundland and Labrador}} {{see also|List of people of Newfoundland and Labrador|Category:Pre-Confederation Newfoundland and Labrador people}} == See also == *[[Labrador]] *[[Dominion of Newfoundland]] *[[List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador]] == References == * Atlas of Newfoundland and Labrador'' by Department of Geography Memorial University of Newfoundland, Breakwater Books Ltd; ISBN 1-55081-000-6; (1991) * G.J. Casey and Elizabeth Miller, eds., ''Tempered Days: A Century of Newfoundland Fiction'' St. John's: Killick Press, 1996. * Karl Mcneil Earle; "Cousins of a Kind: The Newfoundland and Labrador Relationship with the United States" ''American Review of Canadian Studies'' Vol: 28. Issue: 4. 1998. pp : 387-411. * C. R. Fay; ''Life and Labour in Newfoundland'' University of Toronto Press, 1956 * Lawrence Jackson, ''Newfoundland & Labrador'' Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd; ISBN 1-55041-261-2; (1999) * Gene Long, ''Suspended State: Newfoundland Before Canada'' Breakwater Books Ltd; ISBN 1-55081-144-4; (April 1, 1999) * R. A. MacKay; ''Newfoundland; Economic, Diplomatic, and Strategic Studies'' Oxford University Press, 1946 * Patrick O'Flaherty, ''The Rock Observed: Studies in the Literature of Newfoundland'' University of Toronto Press, 1979 * Joseph Smallwood ed. ''The Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador'' St. John's: Newfoundland Book Publishers, 1981-, 2 vol. * ''This Marvelous Terrible Place: Images of Newfoundland and Labrador'' by Momatiuk et al., Firefly Books; ISBN 1-55209-225-9; (September 1998) * ''True Newfoundlanders: Early Homes and Families of Newfoundland and Labrador'' by Margaret McBurney et al., Boston Mills Pr; ISBN 1-55046-199-0; (June 1997) * ''Biogeography and Ecology of the Island of Newfoundland: Monographiae Biologicae'' by G. Robin South (Editor) Dr W Junk Pub Co; ISBN 90-6193-101-0; (April 1983) </div> == Notes == {{reflist|2}} == External links == *{{wikitravel}} *[http://www.fisheriesheritage.ca Fisheries Heritage website] *[http://www.gov.nl.ca Government of Newfoundland and Labrador] *[http://www.newfoundlandlabrador.com/ Official Tourism Website] *[http://register.heritagefoundation.ca Newfoundland and Labrador's Provincial Register of Historic Places] *[http://canada.b121.com/State/Newfoundland-and-Labrador/900 Best Business Directory of Newfoundland and Labrador] *[http://visitnewfoundland.ca/ VisitNewfoundland.ca] <br/>{{Newfoundland&Labrador}} {{Provinces and territories of Canada}} {{Portuguese overseas empire}} {{coor title dms|52|37|28|N|59|41|06|W|region:CA-NL_type:adm1st}} [[Category:Newfoundland and Labrador| ]] [[Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]] [[Category:Former British colonies]] [[Category:British North America]] [[Category:Former political entities in North America]] [[Category:Amalgamated placenames]] [[az:Nyufoundlend və Labrador]] [[zh-min-nan:Newfoundland kap Labrador]] [[bs:Newfoundland i Labrador]] [[br:Douar-Nevez ha Labrador]] [[bg:Нюфаундленд и Лабрадор]] [[ca:Terranova i Labrador]] [[cs:Newfoundland a Labrador]] [[cy:Newfoundland a Labrador]] [[da:Newfoundland og Labrador]] [[de:Neufundland und Labrador]] [[et:Newfoundland ja Labrador]] [[el:Νέα Γη και Λαμπραντόρ]] [[es:Terranova y Labrador]] [[eo:Novlando kaj Labradoro]] [[eu:Ternua eta Labrador]] [[fo:Nýfundland og Labrador]] [[fr:Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador]] [[ga:Talamh an Éisc agus Labradóir]] [[gl:Terra Nova e Labrador]] [[ko:뉴펀들랜드 래브라도 주]] [[io:Newfoundland e Labrador]] [[id:Newfoundland dan Labrador]] [[is:Nýfundnaland og Labrador]] [[it:Terranova e Labrador]] [[he:ניופאונדלנד ולברדור]] [[pam:Newfoundland and Labrador]] [[ka:ნიუფაუნდლენდი და ლაბრადორი]] [[kw:Tir Nowydh ha Labrador]] [[la:Terra Nova et Labrador]] [[lt:Niufaundlandas ir Labradoras]] [[lij:Tæraneuva e Labrador]] [[mk:Њуфаундленд и Лабрадор]] [[mr:न्यू फाउंडलंड]] [[nl:Newfoundland en Labrador]] [[ja:ニューファンドランド・ラブラドール州]] [[no:Newfoundland og Labrador]] [[nn:Newfoundland og Labrador]] [[pms:Teraneuva e Labrador]] [[pl:Nowa Fundlandia i Labrador]] [[pt:Terra Nova e Labrador]] [[ro:Newfoundland şi Labrador]] [[ru:Ньюфаундленд и Лабрадор]] [[simple:Newfoundland and Labrador]] [[sk:Newfoundland a Labrador]] [[sr:Њуфаундленд и Лабрадор]] [[fi:Newfoundland ja Labrador]] [[sv:Newfoundland och Labrador]] [[tl:Newfoundland at Labrador]] [[ta:நியூஃபின்லான்ட் மற்றும் லாப்ரடோர்]] [[vi:Newfoundland và Labrador]] [[tr:Newfoundland ve Labrador]] [[uk:Ньюфаундленд і Лабрадор]] [[ur:نیو فاؤنڈ لینڈ اور لیبرے ڈار]] [[vec:Teranóva e Łabrador]] [[vo:Newfoundland e Labrador]] [[bat-smg:Niufanlends ė Labradors]] [[zh:紐芬蘭與拉布拉多]]