Newry
352560
223775297
2008-07-05T19:13:13Z
86.169.127.37
Correcting tense in population reference
{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox UK place |
|official_name= Newry
|irish_name= '''Iúr Cinn Trá''' (''An tIúr'')
|scots_name=
|local_name= ''Gap of the North''
|image_seal =
|static_image=[[Image:Newry and Mourne logo.png]]
|static_image_caption=
|map_type= Ireland
|latitude= 54.175556
|longitude= -6.349167
|belfast_distance= 34 miles
|population= 27,430
|irish_grid_reference= J085265
|unitary_northern_ireland= [[Newry and Mourne District Council|Newry and Mourne]]
|country= Northern Ireland
|post_town= NEWRY
|postcode_area= BT
|postcode_district= BT34, BT35
|dial_code= 028
|constituency_westminster= [[Newry and Armagh (UK Parliament constituency)|Newry and Armagh]]
|lieutenancy_northern_ireland= [[County Down]]
|lieutenancy_northern_ireland1= [[County Armagh]]
|website= [http://www.newryandmourne.gov.uk/]
}}
'''Newry''' ({{derive|Irish|Iúr Cinn Trá|The Yew Tree at the Head of the Strand}}, short form ''An tIúr'', "The Yew") is the fourth largest [[City status in the United Kingdom|city]] in [[Northern Ireland]] and eighth on the island of [[Ireland]]. The [[River Clanrye]], which runs through the city, forms the historic border between [[County Armagh]] and [[County Down]]: Newry was included entirely in the latter by the [[Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898]]. It is 34 miles (60 km) from [[Belfast]] and 67 miles (108 km) from [[Dublin]]. It had a population of approximately 27,430 at the 2001 Census<ref>[http://www.planningni.gov.uk/AreaPlans_Policy/Plans/BNM/draft_plan/district_proposals/newry_mourne/newry/newry.htm NI Planning Service: District Proposal For Newry City]</ref>. It was founded in 1144 alongside a [[Cistercian]] [[monastery]] and is one of Northern Ireland's oldest towns.
The city of Newry is one of the constituent cities of the [[Dublin-Belfast corridor]] with a population of 3 million.
It sits at the entry to the [[Gap of the North]], close to the border with the [[Republic of Ireland]]. It grew as a [[market town]] and a [[garrison]] and became a [[port]] in 1742 when it was linked to [[Lough Neagh]] by the first summit-level [[canal]] in the British Isles. In March 2002, as part of [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth]]'s [[Golden Jubilee]] celebrations, Newry was granted [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]] alongside [[Lisburn]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/1872287.stm BBC report]</ref> However, despite being the fourth largest city in Northern Ireland, it is not the fourth largest settlement.<!-- what is the fourth largest please? Presumably Bangor..? --> Newry was an important centre of trade in early [[Ireland]] because of its position between [[Belfast]] and [[Dublin]]. Newry has a reputation as one of the best provincial shopping-towns in Northern Ireland and also has two of the oldest churches on the island of [[Ireland]].
Newry recently topped the league of house prices increases across the whole United Kingdom over the last decade. Prices in the city have increased by 371% since 1996.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6090972.stm Halifax House Price Survey]</ref>
The city has long pioneered cross-border and dual currency trading and 30% of all cash passing through its checkouts is in Euro.
== Notable buildings ==
[[Image:Cathedral Newry.jpg|right|thumb|225px|Catholic Cathedral of St. Patrick and St. Colman, Newry]]
[[Image:SaintPatricks Newry 0001.JPG|right|thumb|225px|Saint Patrick's Church of Ireland, Newry]]
The Cathedral of St. Patrick and St. Colman on Hill street was built in 1829 at a cost of £8,000. The structure, which consists of local granite, was designed and built by [[Thomas Duff]], arguably Newry's greatest architect to date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newryandmourne.gov.uk/tourism/attractions/historical/newry_cathedral.asp|title=Newry Cathedral|publisher=Newry and Mourne District Council|accessdate=2008-06-25}}</ref> Incidentally, Thomas Duff also was the architect for the Cathedral in Dundalk, a town just over the southern border in [[County Louth]], and it is said that he mixed up the plans for both cathedrals and sent [[Dundalk]] cathedral to the builders in Newry, and Newry cathedral to the builders in Dundalk.
The [[Newry Town Hall|town hall]] is notable for being built over the [[River Clanrye]] which is the boundary between the counties of [[County Down|Down]] and [[County Armagh|Armagh]]. The building of a city hall is also planned as part of the celebrations of the granting of city status.
The city also boasts a [[museum]] an [[arts centre]] and in recent years has seen a number of art galleries being opened.
[[Saint Patrick's, Newry|St Patrick's]] ([[Church of Ireland]], 1578), overlooking the city centre from Church street, on the east side of the city, is considered to be Ireland's first purpose built [[Protestantism|Protestant church]].
The impressive [[Craigmore Viaduct]] lies just north of the city on the [[Northern Ireland Railways]] mainline. The bridge was designed by Sir [[John O’Neill]] with construction beginning in 1849. The bridge was formally opened in 1852. The viaduct consists of eighteen arches the highest being 126 feet, the highest viaduct in [[Ireland]]. It is around a quarter of a mile long and was constructed from local granite. The [[Enterprise Train]] link from Belfast to [[Dublin]] crosses the bridge.
== Administration ==
The headquarters of [[Newry and Mourne District Council]] are in Newry. The area has a majority [[Irish nationalism|nationalist]] population, leading to a council dominated by [[Sinn Féin]] and the [[Social Democratic and Labour Party]], but there are some [[Ulster Unionist]] and [[Democratic Unionist Party]] (DUP) councillors and one councillor from the [[Green Party in Northern Ireland|Green Party]].
== History ==
[[Image:Marcus Sq Newry.jpg|right|thumb|225px|Marcus Square, Newry]]
The English version of the name of the city comes from the original [[Irish language|Irish]] ''Iúr Chinn Trá'' (in older spelling, ''Iubhar Chinn Trábha''), which translates as "the [[Taxaceae|yew]] at the head of the strand", which relates to an [[apocryphal]] story that [[Saint Patrick]] planted a yew tree there in the 5th century. In modern Irish the full name of the town is rarely used; instead it is abbreviated to ''An tIúr''.
The town was established in 1144 with the building of a monastery, although there is strong evidence of continual human habitation in the area for several millennia. The monastery only lasted until 1162, when it was burned to the ground, and later replaced by a [[cistercian]] monastery. This monastery itself was later converted to a collegiate church in 1543, before being surrendered to the crown in 1548.
[[Sir Nicholas Bagenal]], Marshal of the Army in [[Ireland]], took over the site around 1550, later building a castle there. The remains of the original [[Cistercian Monastery]] were still standing when Bagenal acquired the land and it may well have been the Abbot's House that Bagenal proclaimed as his Castle. The site was said to consist of a 'church, steeple, and cemetery, chapter- house, dormitory and hall, two orchards and one garden, containing one [[acre]], within the precincts of the college'. The remains of Bagenal's Castle can be found today on Castle Street, near to the [[LIDL]] store, on what was once the site of McCann's Bakery.
A rental roll dated 1575, provides a unique insight into life in the town at the time. It listed the names of the tenants in 'The High Street', 'Tenements within the Fort' and The Irish Street without the Fort'. These three distinct areas also appear in a map of the same time, along with a drawing of the castle.
During the [[Williamite War]], the forces of [[James II of England|King James II]] set fire to the town in 1689, while retreating from [[William III of England|William]]. It is said that only six houses and the castle survived the inferno.
The town was rebuilt shortly afterwards, and its fortunes changed dramatically. Within decades it had the busiest port in Ulster and in 1742, had the first summit level [[Newry Canal|canal]] in the British Isles. This led to a further period of economic prosperity, evidence of which can be seen in the many fine buildings and public places that can still be seen today.<ref>[http://www.downcountymuseum.com/publications/ds2000/pg20.asp Down County Museum]</ref>
In October 1924 Éamon de Valera was arrested at Newry Town Hall for "illegally entering Northern Ireland" and held in [[solitary confinement]] for a month in [[Crumlin Road Gaol]], [[Belfast]].
===The Troubles===
Newry saw a number of violent incidents during the conflict known as [[the Troubles]]. For more information see [[The Troubles in Newry]], which includes a list of all the fatal incidents that happened in Newry during the Troubles.
See also: [[The Troubles in Killeen]], for information on incidents at the border and customs post at [[Killeen]] on the border with the [[Republic of Ireland]] and close to Newry. The [[British Army]] moved in during the 1950s and have been there ever since. However, in 2003, the hilltop watch towers started being taken down and in 2005 the main base in [[Bessbrook]] started to be dismantled.
== People ==
*[[John Mitchel]], a 19th century Irish patriot who inspired the [[Young Ireland]] Movement, is buried in the Old Meeting House cemetery in the town.<ref>[http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/town_Home.aspx?co=7&to=165&ca=0&sca=0&navID=1 Culture Northern Ireland]</ref>
*[[Pat Jennings]], a former [[goalkeeper]] and most capped player for Northern Ireland, was born in the town.
*Actor [[John Lynch (actor)|John]] and his actress sister [[Susan Lynch]], were both born in Newry.
*Gaelic footballer, [[Seán O'Neill]], regarded as one of the outstanding forwards in the game, was born in Newry.
*[[John Dunlop (Presbyterian)|John Dunlop]], prominent Presbyterian churchman, was born in Newry in 1939.
*Actor [[Gerard Murphy]] <ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0614283/ Gerard Murphy on IMDB]</ref> was born in Newry, and was a prominent member of the Newpoint Players theatre group.
*[[Peter McParland]], a former [[soccer]] player, who scored for [[Northern Ireland]] in [[1958 FIFA World Cup]], was born in Newry.
*[[Seán Hillen]], artist, was born and grew up in Newry, and made a large body of photomontage artworks related to the 'troubles', many of which are based on his own photographs taken in and around Newry. They include a series satirically titled "LondoNewry, a Mythical Town.."
*[[Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen]], (1832–1900), Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, was born in Newry on 10 November 1832.
*[[Michael Legge]] - actor, best known for his recurring role in the Channel 4 series [[Shameless]] and for his part in the film [[Angela's Ashes]]. He was born in Newry and attended [[St Colman's Abbey Primary School]] and [[St Colman's College, Newry|St Colman's College]]
*[[Ronan Rafferty]] ([[13 January]] [[1964]]), golfer, was born in Newry.
*[[Susan McCann]], world-famous Irish Country singer is from Newry and she now has a show on local radio station FiveFM
*BML Hillen Keene, a published author of the book ''Land in Mist'', born in Newry on August 20, 1986.
*[[William Irvine (Australian politician)|Sir William Hill Irvine]] <small>[[Order of St Michael and St George|GCMG]]</small> ([[6 July]] [[1858]] - [[20 August]] [[1943]]), the 21st [[Premier of Victoria]] was born in Newry.
*[[Thomas Duff]], [[Architect]], (1792 - 1848) was born in Newry. Duff is renowned for having designed the [[Newry Cathedral|Cathedral of St. Patrick and St. Colman]] in the town.
*[[John Martin (Ireland)|John Martin]] ([[8 September]] [[1812]] – [[29 March]] [[1875]]) an [[Irish nationalist]] was born in Newry.
*[[Willie Maley]] ([[25 April]] [[1868]]–[[April 2]], [[1958]]), the first manager of [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] was born in Newry.
*[[Kieran Cunningham]] - actor who has had roles on TV shows such as [[Shameless]] on [[Channel 4]], [[Fair City]] on [[Radio Telefís Éireann]] (RTÉ), [[Shoot To Kill]] (1990) on [[BBC]], [[Hollyoaks: Let Loose]] on [[E4 (channel)]] and [[Thief Takers]] on [[ITV]].
*Mountaineer Terence 'Banjo' Bannon is from the town. In 2006 Bannon narrowly survived an attempt to climb [[K2]] in which four team members were killed.<ref>[http://www.newrydemocrat.com/news/story.asp?j=5968 Newry Democrat]</ref>
*[[Danny McAlinden]] - boxer, won the bronze medal for [[Amateur boxing]] (Heavyweight) at the [[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] in [[Kingston, Jamaica]]. He was born in Newry in 1947.
*Matthew Russell, SJ - Irish [[Jesuit]], poet and editor. Russell was born in Newry in 1834. He entered the Jesuit Order and was ordained to the priesthood at age 33. Father Russell established the 'Irish Monthly' in 1873 and served as editor for nearly forty years. He also wrote many volumes of verse, and corresponded with the English Jesuit poet [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]].
*Peter Cunningham - Well known singer amongst the people of Newry City. Peter has graced stages all over the world and does regular stints in the clubs throughout Newry. He has a broad range of tracks and is enjoyed by everyone who listens to him. He has also played for Newry City F.C. (when they were formerly known as Newry Town F.C.) and has refereed at the highest level in the Irish League. He still referees in the Carnbane
League.
== Geography ==
[[Image:Newry CoDown NIreland 0001.JPG|right|thumb|225px|A view over Newry, from near the city centre]]
Newry lies in the most south-eastern part of both [[Ulster]] and [[Northern Ireland]]. Approximately half of the city lies in [[County Down]] and the other half in [[County Armagh]].
The city sits in a valley, nestled between the [[Mourne Mountains]] to the east, and the Ring of Gullion to the south-west, both of which are designated [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty|Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]. The Clanrye River runs through the centre of town, parallel to the [[Newry Canal|canal]], forming part of the border between [[County Down]] and [[County Armagh]]. The city also lies at the extreme northernmost end of [[Carlingford Lough]], where the canal enters the sea.
== Sport ==
*Down [[Gaelic games]] county side play their home games at [[Páirc Esler]] in the city.
*[[Newry RFC]]
*[[Newry Bosco GFC]]
*[[Newry Shamrocks GAC]]
*[[Newry Mitchel's GFC]]
*[[Thomas Davis (GAA Club) Armagh|Thomas Davis GFC, Corinshego]]
*[[Ballyholland GFC]]
*[[St. Monnina GFC, Killeavy]]
*Newry is home to [[Newry Town FC|Newry City F.C.]], who play in the [[Irish Premier League]] at their [[The Showgrounds (Newry)|Showgrounds]] stadium.
== Transport ==
*The [[Newry Canal]] opened in 1742, and was the first major commercial canal in the British Isles. It ran for 18 miles to [[Lough Neagh]]. In 1777 Newry was ranked the fourth largest port in Ireland. Some surviving 18th and 19th century warehouses still line the canal, and now many houses, shops and restaurants.
*[[MacNeill's Egyptian Arch]] is a railway bridge located near Newry. It was selected for the design of the [[British One Pound coin]] to represent Northern Ireland for 2006.
*Newry is served by an [[Ulsterbus]] bus station, located in the city centre, that offers local, regional and cross-border services.
*A [[Northern Ireland Railways]] [[Newry railway station|station]], just off the [[Camlough]] road, offers cross border services on the [[Dublin-Belfast railway line|Dublin-Belfast line]]. Planning permission for the construction of a new station, to the east of the current station, was granted in May 2006.
*Newry is on the main M1/A1 route from [[Dublin]] to [[Belfast]]. The road is of high-grade dual carriageway/motorway standard on the Southern side, and single carriageway/dual carriageway/motorway on the Northern side. The remainder of the A1 on the Northern side is expected to be upgraded to dual carriageway standard in 2012.
== 2001 Census ==
Although officially a city, Newry is classified as a Large Town by the [http://www.nisra.gov.uk/ NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)] (ie with population between 18,000 and 75,000 people). On Census day ([[29 April]] [[2001]]) there were 27,433 people living in Newry. Of these:
*26.2% were aged under 16 years and 16.0% were aged 60 and over
*48.5% of the population were male and 51.6% were female;
*89.6% were from a [[Catholic]] background and 9.4% were from a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] background
*5.5% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed.<ref>[http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/ NI Neighbourhood Information Service]</ref>
*96% of people are White European
== Education ==
*[[Abbey Christian Brothers Grammar School]]
*[[Ballyholland Primary School]]
*[[Bunscoil an Iúir]]
*[[Cloughoge Primary School]]
*[[Killean Primary School]]
*[[Newry High School]]
*[[Our Lady's Grammar School]]
*[[Sacred Heart Grammar School]]
*[[St Clare's Convent Primary School]]
*[[St Colman's Abbey Primary School]]
*[[St Colman's College, Newry|St Colman's College]]
*[[St. John's Primary School, Newry|St. John's Primary School]]
*[[St Joseph's Boys' High School]]
*[[St Joseph's Convent Primary School]]
*[[St Mary's High School]]
*[[St Patrick's Primary School]]
*[[St Ronan's Primary School]]
*[[Windsor Hill Primary School]]
*[[Newry and Kilkeel Institute]]
<!-- Sheridan Stage School is not a real school, it is an acting group. -->
* Mullaglass Primary School
== Churches ==
* [http://www.cccnewry.com Christian Community Church, Newry]
* [http://www.downanddromore.org/newry St. Mary's]
== Housing Areas ==
*Altnaveigh
*Ashton Heights
*Barcroft Park
*Carlingford Park
*Carnagat
*Carnagh Park
*Carrivemaclone
*Courtenay Hill
*Derrybeg Park
*Drumalane
*Drumgullion
*Dublin Road
*[[Glen Hill]]
*High Street
*Hollywood Grove
*Liska Road
*Loanda
*Monk's Hill
*Mourne View Park
*Old Warrenpoint Road
*Parkhead
*Shandon Park
*Rooney's Meadow
== References ==
<references/>
==External links==
*[http://www.newryandmournedc.gov.uk/ Newry and Mourne District Council]
*[http://www.newry.com Newry City.com]
*[http://www.newrycity.eu NewryCity.eu]
*[http://www.innewry.com in Newry.com]
*
== See also ==
*[[List of towns in Northern Ireland]]
*[[List of villages in Northern Ireland]]
{{IrishCities}}
{{UK cities}}
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