Nganasan people
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'''Nganasans''' are one of the indigenous peoples of [[Siberia]]. They are the northernmost of the [[Samoyed]]ic peoples, living on the [[Taymyr Peninsula]] in the [[Arctic Ocean]]. Their territory is part of [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]]. Their "capital"<!--huh?--> is the settlement of [[Ust-Avam]]. They speak a [[Samoyed language]] ([[Nganasan language]]).
The [[Avam Nganasans]] live in the western part of the Taymyr Peninsula, in the valleys of the rivers [[Pyassina]], [[Dudypta]], and [[Boganida]]. The speakers of the [[Vadeyev]] dialect live in the [[tundra]] and in the eastern parts of Taymyr, in [[Khatangsky District, Taymyr Autonomous Okrug|Khatangsky District]] by the [[Kheta River]], [[Lake Taymyr]], and the [[Khatanga Bay]]. The Nganasans share their territory with the [[Dolgans]]. Their southern and southeastern neighbours are the [[Yakuts]]; in the southwest they border upon the [[Enets]].
The Nganasans are few in number - 834 ([[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]). Throughout most of their history they have been [[nomadic]] hunters, fishers, and herders of [[reindeer]]. They have successfully resisted attempts at conversion to foreign religions until the Soviets. The biggest change in their history occurred in the 1940s, when the Soviet authorities decided to end the [[shamanism|shamanist]] beliefs of the Nganasans. Shamans were imprisoned and their holy artifacts confiscated. Since the 1960s, the nomadic life of the Nganasans has been ended and they have been settled in villages, where they live alongside [[Russians]] and [[Dolgans]]. These sudden changes caused depression for many Nganasans and [[alcoholism]] is a big problem among them.
== Shamanism ==
The isolated location of Nganasan people enabled that [[shamanism]] was a living phenomenon among them even in the beginning of 20<sup>th</sup> century,<ref name=hop>Hoppál 2005:92</ref> the last notable Nganasan shaman's seances could be recorded on film in the 1970s.<ref>Hoppál 1994:62</ref>
One of the occasions in which the shaman partook was the ''clean tent rite''. held after the [[polar night]], including [[sacrifice]].<ref>Hoppál 2005:92–93</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lintrop |first=Aado |title=The Clean Tent Rite |work=Studies in Siberian Shamanism and Religions of the Finno-Ugrian Peoples |publisher=Folk Belief and Media Group of the Estonian Literary Museum |url=http://haldjas.folklore.ee/~aado/tent.htm}}</ref>
== Notes ==
<references/>
== References ==
* {{cite book |last=Hoppál |first=Mihály |title=Sámánok, lelkek és jelképek |publisher=Helikon Kiadó |location= Budapest |year=1994 |isbn=963 208 298 2 |language=Hungarian}} The title means “Shamans, souls and symbols”.
* {{cite book |last=Hoppál |first=Mihály |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=Sámánok Eurázsiában. |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |accessyear= |accessmonth= |edition= |series= |date= |year=2005 |month= |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |location=Budapest |language=Hungarian |isbn=963-05-8295-3 2 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= }} The title means “Shamans in Eurasia”, the book is written in Hungarian, but it is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish. [http://www.akkrt.hu/main.php?folderID=906&pn=2&cnt=31&catID=&prodID=17202&pdetails=1 Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian)]
== External links ==
* {{cite web |last=Helimski |first=Eugene |work=Shamanhood: The Endangered Languege of Ritual, conference at the Centre for Advanced Study, 19-23 June 1999, Oslo |title=Nganasan shamanistic tradition: observation and hypotheses |url=http://helimski.com/2.221.doc}}
* {{cite web |last=Lintrop |first=Aado |title=The Nganasan Shamans from Kosterkin family |work=Studies in Siberian Shamanism and Religions of the Finno-Ugrian Peoples |publisher=Folk Belief and Media Group of the Estonian Literary Museum |url=http://haldjas.folklore.ee/~aado/dyuk.htm}}
* {{cite journal |last=Lintrop |first=Aado |title=The Incantations of Tubyaku Kosterkin |journal=Electronic Journal of Folklore |volume=2 |issn=1406-0949 |year=1996 |month=December |url=http://haldjas.folklore.ee/folklore/vol2/tubinc.htm}}
* {{cite video |title=The shaman — trailer. Nganasan tribe |publisher=Youtube |format=streamed |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbVnsS4VuDI}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]]
[[Category:Eurasian nomads]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of North Asia]]
[[Category:Samoyedic peoples]]
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