Nikolai Burdenko 3942571 223032071 2008-07-02T07:32:07Z Ghirlandajo 147410 [[Image:Nikolay Burdenko.jpg|thumb|right|Nikolay Burdenko]] '''Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko''' ({{lang-ru|Николай Нилович Бурденко}}) ({{OldStyleDate|22 May|1876|[[3 June]]}} – [[11 November]] [[1946]]) was a [[Russia]]n [[surgeon]], the founder of the Russian [[neurosurgery]]. He was a Head surgeon of the [[Red Army]] ([[1937]]-[[1946]]), an academician of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences|USSR Academy of Sciences]] (from [[1939]]), an academician and the first president of the [[Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR,]] ([[1944]]-1946), a [[Hero of Socialist Labor]] (from 1943), [[colonel-general]] of medicine, [[Stalin Prize]]-winner (1941). He was a participant of the [[Russo-Japanese War|Russo-Japanese]], [[World War I|First World]], [[Winter War|Winter]] and [[Great Patriotic War|Great Patriotic]] wars. Nikolai Burdenko was born [[3 June]] [[1876]] in the village of Kamenka of the Nizhnelomovsky [[uezd]]. In [[1891]] he entered to the theological seminary and after graduation in [[1897]] he went to [[Tomsk]] where has entered into the recently opened [[Tomsk State University]]. After finishing two courses, Burdenko was excluded from the university for the participation in the student revolutionary movement and was forced to leave Tomsk. In [[1906]] he graduated from the [[University of Tartu]] and became in [[1910]] the professor of this university. In [[1918]] he becomes the professor of the [[University of Voronezh]], from [[1923]] he was the professor of the medical department of the [[Moscow State University]]. This department in [[1930]] was reorganized into the [[1st Moscow medical institute]]. Here he to the end of the life led the surgical clinic of the faculty, which bears now his name. Since [[1929]] Burdenkos was the director of the neurosurgical clinic of the [[X-ray]] institute of the [[People's Commissariat]] of Public Health, on the base of which in 1934 was founded the world's first [[Central neurosurgical institute|neurosurgical institute]]. During [[World War II]], 1n 1944, Burdenko was appointed as the chairman of the [[Extraordinary State Commission]] of the [[Katyn massacre]]. In the fact-finding of the commission, led by Burdenko, responsibility for these crimes was laid on the Germans; those findings are now considered by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] false and ordered by the Soviet government, which was responsible for the massacre [https://www.cia.gov/csi/studies/winter99-00/art6.html]. [[Image:USSR stamp N.Burdenko 1976 4k.jpg|thumb|Stamp of the USSR, Nikolai Burdenko, 1976 (Michel № 4471, Scott № 4438)]] Nikolai Burdenko one of the first introduced into the clinical practice the surgery of [[central nervous system|central]] and [[peripheral nervous system]]; he investigated the reason for appearance and the methods of treating [[Shock (medical)|shock]], made a large contribution to the study of the processes, which appear in the central and peripheral nervous system in connection with the surgical operation in the case of the sharp injuries; he developed the [[bulbotomy]] - operation on the upper division of the [[spinal cord]]. Burdenko created the school of surgeons with the sharply pronounced experimental direction. Works in the domains of the [[oncology]] of central and [[vegetative nervous system]], [[pathology]] of the [[liquor circulation]], cerebral [[blood circulation]], etc. were the valuable contribution of Burdenko and his school to theory and practice of neurosurgery. It was rewarded with 3 [[Order of Lenin]], with other orders and medals. He was the honorary member of the [[International Society of surgeons]], [[Royal Society]] of [[London]]. The name of Burdenko bear the SRI of the neurosurgery in [[Moscow]], Сentral military hospital, the faculty of the surgical clinic of the [[Sechenov]]'s medical academy, [[Penza]] provincial clinical hospital, street in Moscow, street in [[Voronezh]]. Also [[asteroid]] [[6754 Burdenko]] named in his honour. ==External links== * {{ru icon}} [http://www.peoples.ru/medicine/surgery/burdenko/ Biography] * {{ru icon}} [http://lib.baikal.net/win.cgi/PROZA/NILIN/burdenko.txt Pavel Nilin. Exciting life] [[Category:1876 births|Burdenko, Nikolay Nilovich]] [[Category:1946 deaths|Burdenko, Nikolay Nilovich]] [[Category:Neurosurgeons|Burdenko, Nikolay Nilovich]] [[Category:History of neuroscience|Burdenko, Nikolay Nilovich]] [[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labor|Burdenko, Nikolay Nilovich]] [[Category:Stalin Prize winners|Burdenko, Nikolai]] [[Category:Moscow State University faculty|Burdenko, Nikolai]] [[Category:Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences|Burdenko, Nikolai]] [[Category:Russian surgeons|Burdenko, Nikolai]] [[Category:Russian inventors|Burdenko]] [[be:Мікалай Нілавіч Бурдэнка]] [[de:Nikolai Nilowitsch Burdenko]] [[et:Nikolai Burdenko]] [[pl:Nikołaj Burdenko]] [[ru:Бурденко, Николай Нилович]] [[uk:Бурденко Микола Нилович]]