Nintendo
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{{Infobox Company
|company_name=Nintendo Company Ltd.<br>任天堂株式会社
|company_logo=[[Image:Nintendo.svg|150px]]
|company_type=[[Public company|Public]]<br>{{Tyo|7974}}<br>{{ndaq|NTDOY}}<br>{{FWB|NTO}}
|company_slogan=[[Nintendo#Slogans|Various]]
|foundation=[[September 23]] [[1889]]<ref name="history NOJ"/>
|location={{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kyoto]]<br>
International Offices: <br> {{flagicon|United States}} [[Redmond, Washington]] <br> {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Richmond, British Columbia]] <br>{{flagicon|Europe}} [[Großostheim]], [[Germany]] <br> {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Scoresby, Victoria]]<br>{{flagicon|China}} [[Suzhou]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] (as [[iQue|iQue, Ltd.]])<br>{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] <br> {{flagicon|Panama}} [[Costa del Este]], [[Panama]] (as [[Latamel Inc.]]) <br> {{flagicon|Liberia}} [[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]] <br> {{flagicon|Republic of China}} [[Taiwan]] (as Nintendo Phuten Co., Ltd.)
|key_people=[[Satoru Iwata]]: [[President#Non-governmental presidents|President]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]]<br/>[[Reggie Fils-Aime]]: President & [[Chief Operating Officer|COO]] of NOA<br />[[Shigeru Miyamoto]]: Game Designer<br />[[Gunpei Yokoi]] (deceased): Creator of [[Game Boy]], [[Game & Watch]], and ''[[Metroid]]'' <br />[[Hiroshi Yamauchi]]: Former President & Chairman<br />[[Minoru Arakawa]] & [[Howard Lincoln]]: Former heads of NOA<br />[[Satoru Shibata]]: President of NOE
|num_employees=3,768 (2008)
|industry = [[Card games]] (previously)<br />[[Video game industry|Video games]]
|products=[[Game Boy line]], [[Color TV Game]], [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]], [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|SNES]], [[Nintendo 64]], [[Nintendo GameCube]], [[Nintendo DS]], [[Wii]], and various [[video game]] titles.
|revenue = {{profit}} [[United States dollar|USD$]]8.19 billion (2007)<ref>[http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/41/41877.html?_r=1&ref=technology&oref=slogin Nintendo Co., Ltd. Company Profile - Yahoo! Finance<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|homepage = [http://www.nintendo.co.jp/ Nintendo Japan]<br />[http://www.nintendo.com/ Nintendo of America]<br />[http://www.nintendo.ca/ Nintendo of Canada]<br />[http://www.nintendo-europe.com/ Nintendo Europe]<br />[http://www.nintendo.com.au/ Nintendo Australia]
}}
'''Nintendo Company Ltd.''' (任天堂株式会社 ''Nintendō [[Kabushiki kaisha|Kabushiki-kaisha]]''<sup>[[Help:Japanese|<span class="t nihongo icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;">?</span>]]</sup>) is a [[multinational corporation]] headquartered in [[Kyoto, Japan]] founded on <!--This founding date is correct. Nintendo is literally over a hundred years old. Please do not change it to another date.--> [[September 23]] [[1889]]<ref name="history NOJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendo.co.jp/n05/index.html|title=Company History|publisher= Nintendo|language=Japanese|accessdate=2006-07-29}}</ref> by [[Fusajiro Yamauchi]] to produce handmade [[hanafuda]] cards.<ref name="history NOA">{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendo.com/corp/history.jsp|title=Company History| publisher=Nintendo|accessdate=2006-06-04}}</ref> In the mid-twentieth century, the company tried several small niche businesses, such as a [[love hotel]] and a taxi company.<ref name="history N-Sider">{{cite web|url=http://www.n-sider.com/articleview.php?articleid=45|title=Nintendo History Lesson: The Lucky Birth|publisher=[[N-sider]]|accessdate=2006-06-04|accessyear=|curly=}}</ref> Over time, it became a [[video game]] company, growing into one of the most powerful in the [[Video game industry|industry]] and [[Japan]]’s third most valuable listed company with a market value of more than [[United States dollar|US$]]85 billion.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/companyNewsAndPR/idUST30751820071015 Reuters: Nintendo sets $85 bln high score, thanks to Wii, DS]</ref> Aside from video games, Nintendo is also the majority owner of the [[Seattle Mariners]], a [[Major League Baseball]] team in [[Seattle, Washington]].
In 2008 Nintendo was honored at the 59th Annual [[Technology & Engineering Emmy Award]]s for pioneering the development of handheld games with its [[Nintendo DS]] system, and for the unique user interface of the [[Wii]].
==Name origin==
According to Nintendo's Touch Generations website the name "Nintendo" translated from Japanese to English means "Leave luck to heaven."<ref>[http://www.touchgenerations.com/enGB/discover_nintendo/what_nintendo_means.php Touch! Generations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==History==
{{main|History of Nintendo}} <!--It was agreed that this section was the main problem with the articles length. Please do not add anymore information to this section.-->
[[Image:NintendoCards.jpg|thumb|220px|left|Nintendo Poster from late [[Meiji period|Meiji Era]].]]
[[Image:Nintendo former headquarter plate Kyoto.jpg|thumb|220px|left|Former headquarter plate from when Nintendo was solely a playing card company.]]
===As a card company (1889 – 1956)===
Nintendo was started as a small Japanese business by [[Fusajiro Yamauchi]] near the end of 1889. It was originally called Nintendo Koppai. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed a [[playing card]] game called [[Hanafuda]]. The handmade cards soon began to gain popularity, and Yamauchi had to hire assistants to mass produce cards to keep up with the demand.
===New ventures (1956-1975)===
In 1956, Hiroshi Yamauchi paid a visit to the US, to engage in talks with the [[United States Playing Card Company]], the dominant playing card manufacturer in the US. Yamauchi was shocked to find that the world’s biggest company in his business was relegated to using a small office. This was a turning point where Yamauchi realized the limitations of the playing card business. He then gained access to Disney’s characters and put them on the playing cards, in order to drive sales.
In 1963, Yamauchi renamed ''Nintendo Playing Card Company Limited'' to ''Nintendo Company, Limited''. The company then began to experiment in other areas of business using the newly injected capital. During this period of time between 1963 and 1968, Nintendo set up a [[Taxicab|taxi]] company, a "[[love hotel]]" chain, a TV network and a food company (trying to sell instant rice, similar to [[instant noodles]]). All these ventures eventually failed, and after the Tokyo Olympics, playing card sales dropped, leaving Nintendo with 60 yen in stocks.
In 1966, Nintendo moved into the Japanese toy industry with the [[Ultra Hand]], an extending arm developed by maintenance engineer [[Gunpei Yokoi]] in his free time. The Ultra Hand was a huge success, selling approximately 1.3 million units.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} Gunpei Yokoi was moved from maintenance to the new "Nintendo Games" department as a product developer. Nintendo continued to produce popular toys, including the [[Ultra Machine]], [[Love Tester]] and the [[Kousenjuu]] series of light gun games. Despite some successful products, Nintendo struggled to meet the fast development and manufacturing turnaround required of the toy market, and fell behind the well-established companies such as [[Bandai]] and [[Tomy]].
In 1973, the focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the [[Laser Clay Shooting System]], using the same light gun technology used in their Kousenjuu series of toys, and set up in abandoned bowling alleys. Following some success, Nintendo developed several more light gun machines for the emerging arcade scene. While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs, Nintendo had found a new market.
===Electronic era (1975-present)===
In 1974, Nintendo secured the rights to distribute the [[Magnavox Odyssey]] home [[video game]] system in Japan. In 1977, Nintendo began to produce their own [[Color TV Game]] home video game systems. Four of these systems were produced, each playing variations on a single game (for example, [[Color TV Game 6]] featured 6 versions of ''Light Tennis'').
A student product developer, [[Shigeru Miyamoto]], was hired to Nintendo at around this time. He worked under [[Gunpei Yokoi]] and one of his first tasks was to design the casing for several of the ''Color TV Game'' systems. Shigeru Miyamoto went on to create some of Nintendo's most famous video games and become one of the most recognizable faces in the video game industry.
In 1978, Nintendo moved into the video [[arcade game]] industry with ''[[Computer Othello]]'', and several more titles followed. Nintendo had some small success with this venture, but it wasn't until 1981 with the release of ''[[Donkey Kong (video game)|Donkey Kong]]'', designed by Shigeru Miyamoto, that Nintendo's fortunes changes dramatically. The massive success of the game and many licensing opportunities (ports were released on the [[Atari 2600]], [[Intellivision]] and [[ColecoVision]]) gave Nintendo a huge boost in profit.
In 1980, Nintendo launched its handheld video game series, the [[Game & Watch]], developed by Gunpei Yokoi. The pocket-sized games were a worldwide success.
In 1983, Nintendo launched the [[Family Computer]] home video game system in Japan alongside ports of its most popular arcade titles. In 1985 the system launched in North America as the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], and was accompanied by [[Super Mario Bros.]], which remains one of the biggest selling video games of all time. In 1989, Gunpei Yokoi developed the [[Game Boy]] handheld video game system. Nintendo is the longest-surviving video game console manufacturer to date, and has produced the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]], [[Nintendo 64]], [[Game Boy Color]], [[Pokémon Mini]] and [[Virtual Boy]] systems.
Nintendo’s current video game systems are the [[Nintendo DS Lite]] and [[Wii]]. The Game Boy Advance and Nintendo GameCube are still somewhat prevalent but no longer produced in some countries.
===Slogans===
*Now you're playing with power! ([[1983]]–[[1992]])*
*Have you had your fun today? ([[1991]]–[[1992]])
*The best play here! ([[1992]]–[[1994]])
*Play it loud! ([[1994]]–[[1996]])
*Change the system. ([[1996]]-[[1997]])
*Get N or get out! (in reference to the Nintendo 64) ([[1996]]–[[2000]])
*Born to play (Nintendo GameCube) ([[2002]])
*Who are you? (accompanied photos of civilians with [[Mario]]'s face pasted over) ([[2002]]–[[2005]])
*Too much fun! (in reference to all Nintendo products) ([[2002]]–[[2004]])
*Touching is good. (Nintendo DS) ([[2004]]–[[2006]]/Present) **
*Touch Me (Nintendo DS) ([[2005]]–[[2006]])
*Wii would like to play. (Wii) ([[2006]]–[[Present day|present]])
*I play for me. (DS) ([[2007]]-[[Present day|present]])
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Variations of this slogan were sometimes used. In Game Boy game commercials, it would read "Now you're playing with power...Portable power!" For Super NES, it would be "Now you're playing with power...Super power!"
<nowiki>**</nowiki> Since the release of the [[Nintendo DS Lite]] in [[North America]], this slogan has not been used for DS games.
==Gaming systems==
{{main|Nintendo video game consoles}}
Nintendo has produced a number of home and portable gaming systems, or '''consoles''', since 1977.
Home consoles have included ''[[Color TV Game]]'' (1977 – 1980), the ''[[Nintendo Entertainment System]]'' (NES, 1983 – 1996), the ''[[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]]'' (SNES, 1991 – 1998), ''[[Virtual Boy]]'' (1995), the ''[[Nintendo 64]]'' (N64, 1996 – 2002), the ''[[Nintendo GameCube]]'' (GCN, 2001 - Present), and most recently the ''[[Wii]]'' (2006 – Present)
Portable consoles include the ''[[Game Boy]]'' line (1989 – Present), most recently the ''[[Game Boy Advance]]'', and the ''[[Nintendo DS]]'' (2004 – Present).
==Offices and locations==
[[Image:Nintendo office.jpg|thumb|225px|The exterior of Nintendo's main headquarters in [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]].]]
Nintendo Company, Limited (NCL), the main branch of the company, is based in [[Minami-ku, Kyoto]], [[Kyoto Prefecture]], [[Japan]] ({{coord|34|58|11.89|N|135|45|22.33|E|display=inline|format=dms}}). Nintendo of America (NOA), its [[United States|American]] division, is based in [[Redmond, Washington]]. It has distribution centers in [[Atlanta, Georgia]] and [[North Bend, Washington]]. Nintendo of Canada (NoC) is based in [[Richmond, British Columbia]], with its own distribution centre in [[Toronto, Ontario]]. [[Nintendo Australia]], its [[Australia]]n division, is based in [[Melbourne|Melbourne, Victoria]], and Nintendo of Europe, the [[Europe]]an division, is based in [[Großostheim]], [[Germany]]. [[iQue|iQue, Ltd.]], a [[People's Republic of China|Chinese]] [[joint venture]] with its founder, [[Wei Yen|Doctor Wei Yen]], and Nintendo, manufactures and distributes official Nintendo consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market, under the iQue brand. Nintendo also established Nintendo of Korea (NoK) on [[July 7]], [[2006]].
==Nintendo policy==<!--This section is linked from [[Nintendo policy]] and [[Nintendo Policies]]-->
===Emulation===
Nintendo is known for a "no tolerance" stance against [[emulator|emulation]] of its video games and consoles. It claims that copyright-like rights in [[mask work]]s protect its games from the exceptions that [[United States copyright law]] otherwise provides for [[backup]] copies. Nintendo uses the claim that emulators running on [[personal computer]]s have no use other than to play [[Copyright infringement of software|pirated video games]], contested by some who say these emulators have been used to develop and test independently produced [[Homebrew (video games)|"homebrew" software]] on Nintendo's platforms, and that Nintendo's efforts fudge the truth about copyright laws, mainly that [[ROM image]] copiers are illegal (they actually are legal if used to dump unprotected ROM images on to a user's computer for personal use, per 17 USC 117(a)(1) and foreign counterparts{{Verify source|date=February 2008}}) and that emulators are illegal (if they do not use copyrighted BIOS, or use [[high-level emulation|other methods]] to run the game, they are legal). This stance is largely apocryphal, however; Nintendo remains the only modern console manufacturer which has not sued an emulator manufacturer (the most public example being Sony vs. [[bleem!|the bleem company]]).
The revival of the NES and SNES through emulation has gradually settled down, and NES and SNES ROMs are actually getting easier to find. A common justification game copiers try to make is that they believe the copied games will never see the light of day again and because the titles are no longer on sale, no damage is done to the company. However, Nintendo's opposition remains, due largely to its tendency to re-release old games within new ones, as with [[Animal Crossing]], [[Metroid Prime]], and [[The Legend of Zelda Collector's Edition]], as well as with the re-release of many older games for the [[Game Boy Advance]] [[Classic NES Series]]. The [[enhanced remake]] idea sometimes, but not always, curbs the need for emulation of NES quality games on the [[Nintendo GameCube]]. Nintendo's [[Wii]] is backwards compatible, allowing users to play GameCube game discs on the console. The system also allows for the downloading of NES, Super NES, N64, Sega Genesis, Sega Master System, NeoGeo and TurboGrafx-16 games onto the console over the Internet, with them being playable on the console through authorized emulators. With this new feature, called the "[[Virtual Console]]", Nintendo may be able to reduce the unauthorized ROM downloading and open up a new revenue stream. On June 1, 2007, Nintendo of America announced that more than 4.7 million Virtual Console games had been downloaded, at a rate of more than 1,000 titles an hour.
=== Content guidelines ===<!-- This section is linked from [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] -->
For many years, Nintendo had a policy of strict content guidelines for video games published on its systems. Though Nintendo Japan allowed [[graphic violence]] in their video games, [[nudity]] and [[Human sexuality|sexuality]] were strictly prohibited. This was because Nintendo president [[Hiroshi Yamauchi]] believed that if the company allowed the licensing of [[pornographic]] games, the company's image would be forever tarnished.<ref>''[[Game Over (book)|''Game Over'']], David Sheff, 1993.</ref> [[Nintendo of America]] and [[Nintendo of Europe]] went further in that games released for Nintendo systems could not feature nudity, sexuality, [[profanity]] (including sexism or slurs), blood, graphic or [[domestic violence]], [[drugs]], political messages, or [[religious symbol]]s (with the exception of ancient religions such as the [[Greek mythology|Greek gods]]).<ref>[http://www.filibustercartoons.com/Nintendo.php Nintendo of America Content Guidelines]</ref> This was done because the Japanese parent company did not want to appear as a "Japanese Invasion" by enforcing Japanese community standards on North American and European children. This [[zero tolerance]] policy was praised and championed by [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] and one-time vice presidential candidate [[Joe Lieberman]], but others criticized the policy, claiming that gamers should be allowed to choose the content they want to see. Despite the strict guidelines, some exceptions have occurred: ''[[Bionic Commando]]'', ''[[Smash TV]]'' and ''[[Golgo 13: Top Secret Episode]]'' contained blood and violence, the latter also contained implied sexuality and tobacco use; ''[[Faxanadu]]'' had religious symbols removed, but still retained tobacco use.
One known side effect of this policy was the [[Sega Genesis]] version of ''[[Mortal Kombat (video game)|Mortal Kombat]]'' selling over double the number of the Nintendo's Super NES version, mainly because Nintendo had forced [[Acclaim Entertainment|Acclaim]] to recolor the red blood to look like white sweat and replace some of the more gory attacks in its release of the game, unlike Sega, which allowed the selling points of blood and gore to remain in the Genesis version (though the Genesis version of the game required a code to unlock the gore). Nintendo allowed the Super NES version ''[[Mortal Kombat II]]'' to ship uncensored the following year with a content warning on the packaging.<ref>[http://www.mobygames.com/game/mortal-kombat-ii/cover-art/gameCoverId,22874/ ''Mortal Kombat II'' cover artwork] at [[MobyGames]]</ref>
In 1994, when the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB]] video game ratings system was introduced, Nintendo chose to abolish some of these policies in favor of consumers making their own choices about the content of the games they played. Today, changes to the content of games are done primarily by the game's developer or, occasionally, at the request of Nintendo. The only clear-set rule is that ESRB AO-rated games will not be licenced for play on Nintendo systems in North America.<ref>[http://www.nintendo.com/consumer/buyers_guide.jsp Nintendo of America Customer Service -- Nintendo Buyer's Guide]</ref> Nintendo has since allowed several mature-content games to be published on its systems, including (but not limited to): ''[[Perfect Dark]]'', ''[[Conker's Bad Fur Day]]'', ''[[Doom (video game)|Doom]]'' and ''[[Doom 64]]'', ''[[BMX XXX]]'', certain games in the ''[[Resident Evil]]'' series, ''[[Killer 7]]'', ''[[Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem]]'', ''[[Geist (video game)|Geist]]'', and ''[[Dementium: The Ward]]''. Certain games have continued to be modified, however. For example, [[Konami]] was forced to remove all references to cigarettes in the 2000 [[Game Boy Color]] game ''[[Metal Gear: Ghost Babel|Metal Gear Solid]]'' and maimings and blood were removed from the Nintendo 64 [[porting|port]] of ''[[Cruis'n USA]]''. Another example is in the Game Boy Advance game ''[[Mega Man Zero 3]]'', where one of the bosses, Hellbat Schilt in the Japanese and European releases, was renamed Devilbat Schilt in the U.S. localization.
=== Licensee guidelines ===
Nintendo also had guidelines for its licensees in order for them to create games for Nintendo systems, in addition to the above content guidelines:<ref>''[[Game Over (book)|''Game Over'']], David Sheff, 1993.</ref>
* Licensees were not permitted to release the same game for a competing system until two years had passed.
* There was a minimum number of cartridges which had to be ordered by the licensee from Nintendo.
* Nintendo would decide how many cartridges would be supplied to the licensee.
* Nintendo would decide how much space would be dedicated for articles, advertising, etc. in ''[[Nintendo Power]]''.
* There was a set limit of five games that a licensee may produce for a Nintendo system. This rule was made due to caution of over saturation which caused the [[Video Game Crash of 1983]].
Konami wished to produce more games for Nintendo systems yet the last rule restricted them. As a result, Konami formed [[Ultra Games]] in order to produce double the amount of games.<ref>''[[Game Over (book)|''Game Over'']], David Sheff, 1993.</ref> This was a disadvantage to smaller or beginning companies, as they could not form additional companies at will. Also, [[Square Co., Ltd.|Square]] (now Square Enix) executives have suggested that the price of publishing games on the [[Nintendo 64]] along with the degree of censorship and control Nintendo enforced over its games — most notably ''[[Final Fantasy VI]]'' — were factors in moving its games to [[Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony]]'s [[PlayStation]] console.
=== Public relations ===
{{Unreferencedsection|date=June 2008}}
For years and to today, Nintendo has been regarded as a secretive company by the press. Rarely does Nintendo confirm or deny rumors.
In this vein, Nintendo is famous for unveiling products at the Electronic Entertainment Expo ([[E³]]) in [[Los Angeles]] every year. The [[Nintendo DS]] and [[Wii]], as well as a number of software titles, were unveiled at the expo. The [[Wii Remote]], which had been shrouded in secrecy, was revealed on [[September 16]], [[2005]] at the [[Tokyo Game Show]] (TGS).
Nintendo of America uses an outside firm, [[Golin Harris]], to handle much of its public relations. Beth Llewellyn is the in-house senior director of public relations at Nintendo of America. Tom Harlin is Nintendo of America's manager of public relations. Nintendo of Europe also uses an outside firm, [[Cake Media]], to handle much of its public relations.
Nintendo of Europe's Managing Director of Marketing recently courted controversy when, quizzed about the lack of a Wii hard-drive and limited on-board memory in one of the UK's leading gaming magazines 'Edge' (issue 190), he replied that only "geeks and otaku" would be people who would need one. He later refuted these claims and apologised if any offence was caused.
[[Nintendo Australia]] doesn't use a public relations firm and unlike Nintendo's other subsidiaries, Nintendo Australia will deny or confirm rumors.
==See also==
{{commonscat|Nintendo}}
{{portal}}
*[[Divisions of Nintendo]]
*[[History of Nintendo]]
*[[List of Nintendo developers]]
*[[Franchises established on Nintendo systems]]
*[[History of computer and video games]]
*[[Nintendo Seal of Quality]]
*''[[Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.]]''
*[[List of video games published by Nintendo]]
*[[List of Nintendo characters]]
*[[Multinational corporation]]
*[[Player's Choice]]
*''[[Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.]]''
*[[Video games censored by Nintendo of America]]
*[[Nintendo World Store]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks}}
*[http://www.nintendo.com/countryselector Nintendo official website]
*[http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/ The Official Nintendo Magazine (UK)]
*[http://www.nintendopower.com/home Nintendo Power]
*[http://www.nintendoland.com/home2.htm?history/index.htm Detailed Nintendo history]
*[http://forums.noe-version-2.com Nintendo Of Europe Version 2] (Replacement to the shut-down community forums for Nintendo UK)
*[http://www.warioworld.com English business site] (developers only)
*{{wikia|nintendo|Nintendo Wiki}}
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{{Nintendo developers}}
{{Nintendo hardware}}
{{Japanese Electronics Industry}}
{{IT giants}}
{{TOPIX 100}}
[[Category:Companies established in 1889]]
[[Category:Companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Companies headquartered in Kyoto]]
[[Category:Companies based in Redmond, Washington]]
[[Category:Japanese video game companies]]
[[Category:Video game publishers]]
[[Category:Nintendo| ]]
[[Category:Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences members]]
[[Category:Video game developers]]
[[Category:Entertainment Software Association]]
[[Category:Genericized trademarks]]
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