Nobel Peace Prize
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2008-07-05T21:25:38Z
74.77.59.129
/* List of Laureates */
The '''Nobel Peace Prize''' ([[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]: ''Nobels fredspris'') is one of five [[Nobel Prize]]s [[bequeath]]ed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor [[Alfred Nobel]]. According to Nobel's [[will (law)|will]], the Peace Prize should be awarded "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for [[:wikt:fraternity|fraternity]] between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/short_testamente.html | accessdate = 2008-03-31 | title = Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel | publisher = [[Nobel Foundation]]}}</ref>
The Peace Prize is awarded annually in [[Oslo]], the [[capital]] of [[Norway]] (Alfred Nobel's will stated that the Nobel Peace Prize should be awarded by the Norwegian Parliament). The actual prize always is presented on the 10th of December, the anniversary of the death of Nobel. The Norwegian king is in attendance. "In Oslo, the Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway. Under the eyes of a watching world, the Nobel Laureate receives three things: a diploma, a medal and a document confirming the prize amount." The Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony is held at the [[Oslo City Hall]], followed the next day by the [[Nobel Peace Prize Concert]], which is broadcast to more than 450 million households in over 150 countries around the world. The concert has received worldwide fame and the participation of top celebrity hosts and performers. The selection of Nobel Peace Prize winners sometimes causes controversy, as the list of winners includes people who formerly used violent methods of problem-solving, but then later made exceptional concessions to non-violence in the attempt to achieve peace. This is the only Nobel Prize not given out in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]].
==Appointment process==
Nobel died in 1896 and did not leave an explanation for choosing [[peace]] as a prize category. The categories for [[chemistry]] and [[physics]] were obvious choices as he was a trained chemical engineer. The reason behind the [[peace]] prize is less clear. Some{{who}}
have said it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces (Nobel's inventions included [[dynamite]] and [[ballistite]]). However, none of his explosives, except for ballistite, were used in any war during his lifetime,<ref>Altman, L. (2006). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/health/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800 Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen]. ''New York Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2006.</ref> although the [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]], an Irish nationalist organisation, did carry out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po17.shtml BBC History - 1916 Easter Rising - Profiles - The Irish Republican Brotherhood] ''BBC''.</ref>
[[Image:Norske nobelinstiutt 1.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Nobel Institute]] in [[Oslo, Norway]].]]
The [[Stortinget|Norwegian Parliament]] appoints the [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]], which selects the Laureate for the Peace Prize. The Committee chairman, currently Dr. [[Ole Danbolt Mjøs]], awards the Prize itself. At the time of Alfred Nobel's death [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]] were in a [[personal union]] in which the Swedish government was solely responsible for foreign policy, and the [[Stortinget|Norwegian Parliament]] was responsible only for Norwegian domestic policy. Alfred Nobel never explained<ref>[http://www.nobel.no/eng_com_nor.html The Norwegian Nobel Institute- Why a Norwegian Nobel Committee?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> why he wanted a Norwegian rather than Swedish body to award the Peace Prize. As a consequence, many people have speculated about Nobel's intentions. For instance, Nobel may have wanted to prevent the manipulation of the selection process by foreign powers, and as Norway did not have any foreign policy, the Norwegian government could not be influenced.
==Nominations==
Nominations for the Prize may be made by a broad array of qualified individuals, including former recipients, members of national assemblies and congresses, university professors (in certain disciplines), international judges, and special advisors to the Prize Committee. In some years as many as 199 nominations have been received. The Committee keeps the nominations secret and asks that nominators do the same. Over time many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize Nominees", but this designation has no official standing<ref>[http://www.nobel.no/eng_com_nom.html The Norwegian Nobel Institute- From Nomination to Ceremony<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Nominations from 1901 to 1955, however, have been released in a database.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/database.html Nomination Database - The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901-1955<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> When the past nominations were released it was discovered that [[Adolf Hitler]] was nominated in 1939 by Erik Brandt, a member of the Swedish Parliament. Brandt retracted the nomination after a few days.<ref>Richardson, Gunnar, ''Förtroligt and hemligt : kunglig utrikespolitik och svensk neutralitet under andra världskriget''. Stockholm : Carlsson, 2007</ref> Other infamous nominees included [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Benito Mussolini]]. However, since nomination requires only support from one qualified person (e.g., a history professor), these unusual nominations do not represent the opinions of the Nobel committee itself.
Unlike the other Nobel Prizes, which recognize completed scientific or literary accomplishment, the Nobel Peace Prize may be awarded to persons or organizations that are in the process of resolving a conflict or creating peace. As some such processes have failed to create lasting peace, some Peace Prizes appear questionable in hindsight. For example, the awards given to [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[Jimmy Carter]], [[Woodrow Wilson]], [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[Shimon Peres]], [[Yitzhak Rabin]], [[Yasser Arafat]], [[Lê Ðức Thọ]] and [[Henry Kissinger]] were particularly controversial and criticized; the Kissinger-Thọ award prompted two dissenting Committee members to resign.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/peace/articles/controversies/index.html Controversies and Criticisms<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
In 2005, the [[Nobel Peace Center]] opened. It serves to present the Laureates, their work for peace, and the ongoing problems of war and conflict around the world.
==Controversy==
{{ details|Nobel Prize controversies}}
The Nobel Peace Prize has sparked controversy throughout its history. The Norwegian Parliament appoints the Peace Prize Committee, but pacifist critics argue that the same Parliament has pursued partisan military aims by ratifying membership in [[NATO]] in 1949, by hosting NATO troops, and by leasing ports and territorial waters to US ballistic missile submarines in 1983. However, the Parliament has no say in the award issue. A member of the Committee cannot at the same time be a member of the Parliament, and the Committee includes former members from all major parties, including those parties that oppose NATO membership
A particular claimed weakness of the Nobel Peace Prize awarding process is the swiftness of recognition. The scientific and literary Nobel Prizes are usually issued in [[retrospective|retrospect]], often two or three decades after the awarded achievement, thus representing a time-proven confirmation and balance of approval by the established academic community, seldom contradicted by newer developments. In contrast, the Nobel Peace Prize at times takes the form of [[summary judgment]], being issued in the same year as or the year immediately following the political act. Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers. In pro-democracy struggles, it may be said that the 'real' peace-makers may not be recognized for their long-term or subtle approaches. However, others have pointed to the [[uniqueness]] of the Peace Prize in that its high profile can often focus world attention on particular problems and possibly aid in the peace-efforts themselves.
[[Image:Dalai Lama & Bishop Tutu. Carey Linde.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[14th Dalai Lama]] and Bishop [[Desmond Tutu]], 2004]]
On closer inspection, the peace-laureates often have a lifetime's history of working at and promoting humanitarian issues, as in the examples of German medic [[Albert Schweitzer]] (1952 laureate), Dr. [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], an [[African-American]] [[civil rights]] activist (1964 laureate); [[Mother Teresa]], a [[Roman Catholic]] missionary nun (1979 laureate); and [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], a Buddhist nonviolent pro-democracy activist (1991 laureate). Still others are selected for tireless efforts, as in the examples of [[Jimmy Carter]] and [[Mohamed ElBaradei]]. Others, even today, are quite controversial, due to the recipient's political activity, as in the case of [[Henry Kissinger]] (1973 laureate), [[Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso]] (1989), [[Menachem Begin]] and [[Anwar Sadat]] (1978 laureates), or [[Yitzhak Rabin]] and [[Yasser Arafat]] (1994 laureates).
A widely discussed criticism of the peace-prize are the notable omissions, namely the failure to award individuals with widely recognized contributions to peace. The list includes [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Corazon Aquino]], [[Pope John XXIII]], Pope [[John Paul II]], [[Steve Biko]], [[Raphael Lemkin]], [[Herbert Hoover]], [[Abdul Sattar Edhi]], [[César Chávez]], [[Jose Figueres Ferrer]], and [[Oscar Romero]]. In particular, the omission of the [[India]]n leader Gandhi has been widely discussed, including public statements by the various members of Nobel Committee.<ref name="ghandi"> {{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/gandhi/index.html |title=Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate |accessdate=2007-10-17 |last=Tønnesson |first=Øyvind |date=1999-12-01 |publisher=The Nobel Foundation }}</ref><ref>[http://nobelprize.org/prize_announcements/peace/ask_questions.html Your Questions about the Nobel Peace Prize!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
It has been acknowledged by the committee that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947 and, finally, a few days before he was murdered in January 1948. The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.<ref name="ghandi"/> In 1948, the year of Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi."<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1989/presentation-speech.html Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee]</ref> In most cases, the omissions resulted in part from the provision in Alfred Nobel's will that only living people could receive the prize.
Research by anthropologist David Stoll into [[Rigoberta Menchú]], the 1992 recipient, revealed some fabrications in her biography, "Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia" (My Name is Rigoberta Menchú and this is how my Conscience was Born), translated into English as "[[I, Rigoberta Menchú]]". Menchú later admitted changing some details about her background. After the initial controversy, the Nobel Committee dismissed calls to revoke her Nobel prize because of the reported falsifications. Professor Geir Lundestad, the secretary of the Committee, said her prize "was not based exclusively or primarily on the autobiography".<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1992/tum-bio.html Rigoberta Menchú Tum - Biography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. According to the Nobel Committee, "Stoll approves of her Nobel prize and has no question about the picture of army atrocities which she presents. He says that her purpose in telling her story the way she did 'enabled her to focus international condemnation on an institution that deserved it, the Guatemalan army."
==List of Laureates==
{| align="center" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! style="width:250px" | Laureate(s)
! style="width:150px" | Country
! class="unsortable" | Work for which cited (Citations)
|-
| 1901*
| [[Frédéric Passy]]
| {{FRA}}
| Founder and President, [[Société d'arbitrage entre les Nations]].
|-
| 1901*
| [[Henry Dunant]]
| {{SUI}}
| Founder of the International Committee of the [[Red Cross]], Geneva.
|-
| 1902
| [[Élie Ducommun]]<br>[[Charles Albert Gobat]]
| {{SUI}}
| Honorary secretaries, [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]] in Berne.
|-
| 1903
| [[William Randal Cremer]]
| {{UK}}
| Secretary, [[International Arbitration League]].
|-
| 1904
| [[Institut de Droit International]]
| {{BEL}}
|
|-
| 1905
| [[Bertha von Suttner|Bertha Sophie Felicitas Baronin von Suttner]]
| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
| Honorary President, [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]].
|-
| 1906
| [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
| {{flag|United States|1896}}
| [[President of the United States]]; peace treaty collaborations (brokering the [[Treaty of Portsmouth]] ending the [[Russo-Japanese War]])
|-
| 1907*
| [[Ernesto Teodoro Moneta]]
| {{flag|Italy|old}}
| President, [[Lombard League of Peace]]
|-
| 1907*
| [[Louis Renault (jurist)|Louis Renault]]
| {{FRA}}
| Professor of International Law
|-
| 1908*
| [[Klas Pontus Arnoldson]]
| {{SWE}}
| Founder, [[Swedish Peace and Arbitration Association]]
|-
| 1908*
| [[Fredrik Bajer]]
| {{DEN}}
| Honorary President, [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]]
|-
| 1909*
| [[Auguste Marie François Beernaert]]
| {{BEL}}
| Member of the [[Permanent Court of Arbitration|Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage]].
|-
| 1909*
| [[Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant]]
| {{FRA}}
| founder and president of the French parliamentary group for international arbitration. Founder of the [[Comite de defense des interets nationaux et de conciliation internationale|Comité de défense des intérets nationaux et de conciliation internationale]]
|-
| 1910
| [[International Peace Bureau]]
| {{SUI}}
| Berne
|-
| 1911*
| [[Tobias Michael Carel Asser]]
| {{NED}}
| initiator of the [[International Conferences of Private Law]] in The Hague.
|-
| 1911*
| [[Alfred Hermann Fried]]
| {{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
| founder of ''[[Die Waffen Nieder]]''.
|-
| 1912
| [[Elihu Root]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| for initiating various arbitration agreements.
|-
| 1913
| [[Henri La Fontaine]]
| {{BEL}}
| President of the [[Permanent International Peace Bureau]].
|-
| 1914
| Reserved.
|-
| 1915
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1916
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1917
| [[International Committee of the Red Cross]]
| {{SUI}}
|
|-
| 1918
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1919
| [[Woodrow Wilson]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| President of the United States, as foremost promoter of the [[League of Nations]].
|-
| 1920
| [[Léon Bourgeois|Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois]]
| {{FRA}}
| president of the Council of the [[League of Nations]].
|-
| 1921*
| [[Hjalmar Branting]]
| {{SWE}}
| prime minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the [[League of Nations]].
|-
| 1921*
| [[Christian Lous Lange]]
| {{NOR}}
| secretary-general of the [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]
|-
| 1922
| [[Fridtjof Nansen]]
| {{NOR}}
| Norwegian delegate to the [[League of Nations]], originator of the [[Nansen passport]]s for refugees.
|-
| 1923
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1924
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1925*
| [[Austen Chamberlain]]
| {{UK}}
| for the [[Locarno Treaties]].
|-
| 1925*
| [[Charles G. Dawes|Charles Gates Dawes]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| chairman of the Allied [[World War I reparations|Reparations]] Commission and originator of the [[Dawes Plan]].
|-
| 1926*
| [[Aristide Briand]]
| {{FRA}}
| for the [[Locarno Treaties]].
|-
| 1926*
| [[Gustav Stresemann]]
| {{flag|Germany|Weimar}}
| for the [[Locarno Treaties]].
|-
| 1927*
| [[Ferdinand Buisson]]
| {{FRA}}
| founder and president of the [[League for Human Rights]].
|-
| 1927*
| [[Ludwig Quidde]]
| {{flag|Germany|Weimar}}
| delegate to numerous peace conferences.
|-
| 1928
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1929
| [[Frank B. Kellogg]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| for the [[Kellogg-Briand Pact]].
|-
| 1930
| [[Nathan Söderblom]]
| {{SWE}}
| leader of the ecumenical movement.
|-
| 1931*
| [[Jane Addams]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| international president of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]]
|-
| 1931*
| [[Nicholas Murray Butler]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| for promoting the [[Kellogg-Briand Pact]].
|-
| 1932
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1933
| [[Norman Angell|Sir Norman Angell]]
| {{UK}}
| writer, member of the Executive Committee of the [[League of Nations]] and the [[National Peace Council]].
|-
| 1934
| [[Arthur Henderson]]
| {{UK}}
| chairman of the [[League of Nations]] [[League of Nations Disarmament Conference|Disarmament Conference]]
|-
| 1935
| [[Carl von Ossietzky]]
| {{flag|Germany|Nazi}}
| pacifist journalist.
|-
| 1936
| [[Carlos Saavedra Lamas]]
| {{ARG}}
| president of the [[League of Nations]] and mediator in the [[Chaco War]] between [[Paraguay]] and [[Bolivia]].
|-
| 1937
| [[Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood|Robert Cecil]]
| {{UK}}
| founder and president of the [[International Peace Campaign]]
|-
| 1938
| [[Nansen passport|Nansen International Office For Refugees]]
| {{SUI}}
|
|-
| 1939
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1940
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1941
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1942
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1943
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1944
| [[International Committee of the Red Cross]]
| {{SUI}}
| awarded retroactively in 1945
|-
| 1945
| [[Cordell Hull]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| for co-initiating the [[United Nations]].
|-
| 1946*
| [[Emily Greene Balch]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| honorary international president of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]]
|-
| 1946*
| [[John Mott|John R. Mott]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| chairman of the [[International Missionary Council]] and president of the [[World Alliance of Young Mens Christian Associations|World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations]]
|-
| 1947
| [[Quaker Peace and Social Witness|Friends Service Council]]<br>[[American Friends Service Committee]]
| {{UK}}<br>{{flag|United States|1912}}
| on behalf of the [[Religious Society of Friends]], better known as the Quakers.
|-
| 1948
| Reserved.
|
| May have been awarded to [[Mohandas Gandhi]] had he not been assassinated.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/peace/articles/gandhi/index.html Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate], Nobelprize.org</ref>
|-
| 1949
| [[John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr|Lord Boyd-Orr]]
| {{UK}}
| director general [[Food and Agricultural Organization]], president [[National Peace Council]], president [[World Union of Peace Organizations]].
|-
| 1950
| [[Ralph Bunche]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| for mediating in [[Palestine]] (1948)
|-
| 1951
| [[Léon Jouhaux]]
| {{FRA}}
| president of the [[International Committee of the European Council]], vice president of the [[International Confederation of Free Trade Unions]], vice president of the [[World Federation of Trade Unions]], member of the [[ILO Council]], delegate to the UN.
|-
| 1952
| [[Albert Schweitzer]]
| {{FRA}}
| for his philosophy of "Reverence for Life", expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding the Lambaréné Hospital in [[Gabon]]
|-
| 1953
| [[George Marshall|George Catlett Marshall]]
| {{flag|United States|1912}}
| for the [[Marshall Plan]]
|-
| 1954
| [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
|
|-
| 1955
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1956
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1957
| [[Lester B. Pearson|Lester Bowles Pearson]]
| {{flag|Canada|1957}}
| President of the 7th session of the [[United Nations]] General Assembly for introducing peacekeeping forces to resolve the [[Suez Crisis]].
|-
| 1958
| [[Dominique Pire|Georges Pire]]
| {{BEL}}
| leader of [[lEurope du Coeur au Service du Monde|L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde]], a relief organization for refugees.
|-
| 1959
| [[Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker|Philip Noel-Baker]]
| {{UK}}
| "for his lifelong ardent work for international peace and co-operation."
|-
| 1960
| [[Albert Lutuli]]
| {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
| President, [[African National Congress]]
|-
| 1961
| [[Dag Hammarskjöld]]
| {{SWE}}
| Secretary-General, [[United Nations]] (posthumous)
|-
| 1962
| [[Linus Pauling|Linus Carl Pauling]]
| {{USA}}
| "for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing."
|-
| 1963
| [[International Committee of the Red Cross]]<br>[[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|League of Red Cross societies]]
| {{SUI}}
|
|-
| 1964
| [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.]]
| {{USA}}
| Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, campaigner for civil rights.
|-
| 1965
| [[United Nations Children's Fund|United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
|
|-
| 1966
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1967
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1968
| [[René Cassin]]
| {{FRA}}
| President, [[European Court of Human Rights]].
|-
| 1969
| [[International Labour Organization]]
| {{UNO}}
|
|-
| 1970
| [[Norman Borlaug]]
| {{USA}}
| "for research at the [[International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center]]."
|-
| 1971
| [[Willy Brandt]]
| {{Flag|West Germany}}
| "for [[West Germany]]'s ''[[Ostpolitik]]'', embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and [[East Germany]]."
|-
| 1972
| Reserved.
|
|
|-
| 1973
| [[Henry Kissinger|Henry A. Kissinger]]<br>[[Le Duc Tho|Lê Ðức Thọ]] (declined the honors)
| {{USA}}<br>{{flag|North Vietnam}}
| The [[Paris Peace Accords|Vietnam peace accord]]
|-
| 1974
| [[Seán MacBride]]<br>[[Eisaku Satō|Eisaku Sato]]
| {{IRL}}<br>{{JPN}}
| president of the [[International Peace Bureau]] the Commission of [[Namibia]] of the [[United Nations]].
|-
| 1975
| [[Andrei Sakharov|Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov]]
| {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}}
| Campaigns for human rights
|-
| 1976
| [[Betty Williams (nobel laureate)|Betty Williams]]<br>[[Mairead Corrigan]]
| {{UK}}
| Founders of the [[Northern Ireland Peace Movement]] (later renamed [[Community of Peace People]]).
|-
| 1977
| [[Amnesty International]]
| {{UK}}
| Campaign against torture
|-
| 1978
| [[Anwar Al Sadat|Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat]] (محمد أنور السادات)<br>[[Menachem Begin]] (מנחם בגין)
| {{flag|Egypt|1972}}<br>{{ISR}}
| for negotiating peace between [[Egypt]] and [[Israel]]
|-
| 1979
| [[Mother Teresa]]
| {{flag|India}}
| Poverty awareness campaigner and her service to humanity
|-
| 1980
| [[Adolfo Pérez Esquivel]]
| {{ARG}}
| Human rights advocate
|-
| 1981
| [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
|
|-
| 1982
| [[Alva Myrdal]]<br>[[Alfonso García Robles]]
| {{SWE}}<br>{{MEX}}
| [[Treaty of Tlatelolco]]
|-
| 1983
| [[Lech Wałęsa]]
| {{POL}}
| Founder of [[Solidarity|Solidarność]]; campaigner for human rights
|-
| 1984
| [[Desmond Tutu|Desmond Mpilo Tutu]]
| {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
| Anti-[[apartheid]]
|-
| 1985
| [[International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War]]
| {{USA}}
| "for spreading authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare."
|-
| 1986
| [[Elie Wiesel]]
| {{USA}}
| [[Night (book)|author]], [[the Holocaust|Holocaust]] [[List of famous Holocaust survivors|survivor]] "for his message of peace.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1986/press.html Press Release - Peace 1986<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
| 1987
| [[Óscar Arias|Óscar Arias Sánchez]]
| {{CRC}}
| "for initiating peace negotiations in [[Central America]]."
|-
| 1988
| [[Peacekeeping|United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}
| For participation in numerous conflicts since 1956. At the time of the award, 736 people from a variety of nations had lost their lives in peacekeeping efforts.
|-
| 1989
| [[Tenzin Gyatso]], the 14th [[Dalai Lama]]
| {{Flag|Tibet}}
| "for his consistent resistance to the use of violence in his people's struggle to regain their freedom."<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize|work=Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)|url=http://www.nobelpreis.org/english/frieden/dalai-lama.html}}</ref>
|-
| 1990
| [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev]]<br>(Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв)
| {{USSR}}
| "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"
|-
| 1991
| [[Aung San Suu Kyi]] (အောင္ဆန္းစုက္ရည or [[Image:AungSanSuuKyi1.png|80px]])
| {{MYA}}
| "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights."
|-
| 1992
| [[Rigoberta Menchú]]
| {{GUA}}
| "in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples."
|-
| 1993
| [[Nelson Mandela]]<br>[[Frederik Willem de Klerk]]
| {{flag|South Africa|1928}}
| "for their work for the peaceful termination of the [[apartheid]] regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa."
|-
| 1994
| [[Yasser Arafat]] (ياسر عرفات)<br>[[Shimon Peres]] (שמעון פרס)<br>[[Yitzhak Rabin]] (יצחק רבין)
| {{PLE}}<br>{{ISR}}<br>{{ISR}}
| "for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East."
|-
| 1995
| [[Joseph Rotblat]]<br>[[Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs]]
| {{POL}}<br>{{UK}}<br>{{CAN}}
| "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms."
|-
| 1996
| [[Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo]]<br>[[José Ramos-Horta]]
| {{TLS}}
| "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."
|-
| 1997
| [[International Campaign to Ban Landmines]]<br>[[Jody Williams]]
| {{USA}}
| "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines."
|-
| 1998
| [[John Hume]]<br>[[David Trimble, Baron Trimble|David Trimble]]
| {{IRL}}<br>{{UK}}
| "Awarded for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland."
|-
| 1999
| [[Médecins Sans Frontières]]
| {{BEL}}
| "in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents."
|-
| 2000
| [[Kim Dae Jung]] 김대중 (金大中)
| {{KOR}}
| "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular."
|-
| 2001
| [[United Nations]]<br>[[Kofi Annan]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}<br>{{GHA}}
| "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."
|-
| 2002
| [[Jimmy Carter|James Earl (Jimmy) Carter, Jr.]]
| {{USA}}
| former [[President of the United States]], "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."
|-
| 2003
| [[Shirin Ebadi]] (شيرين عبادي)
| {{IRN}}
| "for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children."
|-
| 2004
| [[Wangari Maathai]]
| {{KEN}}
| "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace."
|-
| 2005
| [[International Atomic Energy Agency]]<br>[[Mohamed ElBaradei]] (محمد البرادعي)
| {{Flag|United Nations}}<br>{{EGY}}
| "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way."
|-
| 2006
| [[Muhammad Yunus]] (মুহাম্মদ ইউনুস)<br>[[Grameen Bank]]
| {{BAN}}
| "for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor, especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work."
|-
| 2007
| [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]<br>[[Al Gore]]
| {{Flag|United Nations}}<br>{{USA}}
| "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Years with multiple nominations for a Nobel Prize.
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
== See also ==
* [[Atoms for Peace Award]]
* [[Gandhi Peace Prize]]
* [[Lenin Peace Prize]]
* [[Nobel Prize]]
* [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]]
* [[Sweden-Norway]]
==External links==
*[http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/index.html "All Nobel Laureates in Peace"] – Index webpage on the official site of the [[Nobel Foundation]].
*[http://nobelpeaceprize.org/index.html "The Nobel Peace Prize"] – Official webpage of the [[Norwegian Nobel Institute]] for the [[Norwegian Nobel Committee]].
*[http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/ "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies"] – Official hyperlinked webpage of the Nobel Foundation.
*[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/ "The Nobel Prize in Peace"] – Official site of the [[Nobel Foundation]].
*[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medals/ "The Nobel Prize Medals and the Medal for the Prize in Economics"] – By Birgitta Lemmel; an article on the history of the design of the medals featured on the official site.
*[http://nobelprize.org/peace/nomination/database.html "The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Peace, 1901-1955"] – Database featured on the official site of the Nobel Foundation.
*[http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/prize.html "What the Nobel Laureates Receive"] – Featured link in "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies".
{{Nobel Prizes}}
{{Nobel Peace}}
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[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize]]
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