Nonylphenol
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2008-07-16T22:06:33Z
Thijs!bot
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robot Adding: [[cs:Nonylfenol]]
{{Chembox new
| ImageFile = Nonylphenol.png
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName = 4-Nonylphenol
| OtherNames = ''p''-Nonylphenol
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 104-40-5
| PubChem = 1752
| SMILES = CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>24</sub>O
| MolarMass = 220.35 g/mol
| Appearance = White crystals
| Density = 0.94
| MeltingPt = 43-45 °C
| BoilingPt = 180-181 °C
| Solubility =
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| Autoignition =
}}
}}
'''Nonylphenol''' is an organic compound of the wider family of [[alkylphenol]]s. It is a product of industrial synthesis formed during the [[alkylation]] process of [[phenol]]s, particularly in the synthesis of polyethoxylate detergents. Because of their man-made origins, nonylphenols are classified as [[xenobiotic]]s. In nonylphenols, a [[hydrocarbon]] chain of nine carbon atoms is attached to the [[phenol]] ring in either the ''ortho'' (2), ''meta'' (3), or ''para'' (4) position, with the most common ring isomers being ''ortho'' or ''para'' (e.g. figure 1 ''para''-nonylphenol). Moreover, the alkyl chains can exist as either linear ''n''-alkyl chains, or complex branched chains. Nonylphenol is commonly obtained as a mixture of [[isomer]]s, and is thus usually found as a pale yellow liquid at room temperature with a freezing point of -10°C and a boiling point of 295-320°C. However, pure isomers of nonylphenol crystallize readily at room temperatures and for example, ''para''-''n''-nonylphenol, forms white crystals at room temperature.
[[ethoxylation|Ethoxylated]] alkylphenols, [[alkylphenol ethoxylate]]s (APE), are used as industrial [[surfactant]]s in manufacture of wool and metal, as [[emulsifier]]s for [[emulsion polymerization]], in laboratory [[detergent]]s, and [[pesticide]]s. APEs are a component of some household detergents outside of Europe; within Europe, due to environmental concerns, they are replaced by more expensive but safer [[alcohol ethoxylates]].
[[Nonoxynol-9]], one of the APEs, is used as a surfactant in cleaning and cosmetic products, and as a [[spermicide]] in [[contraceptive]]s.
Nonylphenol, and a related compound tert-octylphenol, were first detected as an air [[pollutant]] in [[New York City]] and [[New Jersey]], probably due to its evaporation from the [[Hudson river]] and other smaller rivers in the region that routinely receive municipal wastewaters. It is possible that the atmosphere is a destructive sink for nonylphenol as it is probably reactive with atmospheric radicals and/or is photoactive.
Nonylphenol and nonyphenol ethoxylates have been banned in the [[European Union]] as a hazard to human and environmental safety.
Biochemically, p-nonylphenol and many of its derivatives act as a [[xenoestrogen]].
==External links==
[[Category:Phenols]]
[[cs:Nonylfenol]]
[[de:Nonylphenol]]
[[fr:Nonylphénol]]
[[nl:Nonylfenol]]