Nordic countries 153481 225324561 2008-07-13T02:39:32Z Yvwv 427828 /* Chronology of the Nordic countries */ [[Image:Nordic countries.GIF|thumb|[[Political geography|Political map]] of the Nordic countries and associated territories.]] The '''Nordic countries''' make up a region in [[Northern Europe]] called the '''Nordic region''', consisting of [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Iceland]], [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]] and their associated territories which include the [[Faroe Islands]], [[Greenland]] and [[Åland]]. In common English usage, ''[[Scandinavia]]'' is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scandinavia "Scandinavia"] (although sometimes the term is used excluding some of these areas, often Finland). In'' Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary''. Retrieved 10 January 2008: "''Scandinavia'': Denmark, Norway, Sweden — sometimes also considered to include Iceland, the Faeroe Islands, & Finland." (''Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary'' defines [http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/nordic "Nordic"] as an adjective dated to 1898 with the meaning "of or relating to the Germanic peoples of northern Europe and especially of Scandinavia."), "Scandinavia" (2005). ''The New Oxford American Dictionary'', Second Edition. Ed. Erin McKean. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6: "a cultural region consisting of the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and sometimes also of Iceland, Finland, and the Faroe Islands"; [http://www.bartleby.com/65/sc/Scandinv.html Scandinavia] (2001). ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', Sixth Edition. Retrieved January 31, 2007: "Scandinavia, region of N Europe. It consists of the kingdoms of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark; Finland and Iceland are usually considered part of Scandinavia"; [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066021 Scandinavia]. (2007). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved January 31, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: "Scandinavia, historically Scandia, part of northern Europe, generally held to consist of the two countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Norway and Sweden, with the addition of Denmark"; and [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572025/Scandinavia.html Scandinavia]. (2006). ''Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia''. Retrieved January 30, 2007: "Scandinavia (ancient Scandia), name applied collectively to three countries of northern Europe—Norway and Sweden (which together form the Scandinavian Peninsula), and Denmark".</ref> The region's five [[nation-state]]s and [[Nordic Council#Membership|three autonomous regions]] share much common history as well as common traits in their respective [[societies]], such as political systems and the [[Nordic model]]. Politically, Nordic countries do not form a separate entity, but they co-operate in the [[Nordic Council]]. Linguistically, the area is heterogeneous, with three unrelated language groups, the [[North Germanic]] branch of [[Indo-European languages]] and the [[Baltic-Finnic languages|Baltic-Finnic]] and [[Sami languages|Sami]] branches of [[Uralic languages]] as well as the [[Eskimo-Aleut]] language of [[Kalaallisut language|Kalaallisut]] spoken in [[Greenland]]. The Nordic countries have a combined population of approximately 25 million spread over a land area of 3.5 million km² (Greenland accounts for 60% of the total area). Recently, [[Estonia]] has also projected itself as a Nordic country, although it is widely considered to be a [[Baltic states|Baltic state]]. Estonia has close linguistic, ethnic and cultural ties with Finland, some cultural ties with Sweden and Denmark, and most of its investment and trade is with the Nordic countries. ==Etymology and terminology== The term 'Nordic Countries' is [[Etymology|derived]] from the [[French language|French]] term ''Pays Nordiques'' as an equivalent of the local terms ''Norden'' ([[Scandinavian languages]]), ''[[Pohjola]]'' / ''Pohjoismaat'' ([[Finnish language]]), ''Põhjamaad'' ([[Estonian language]]), ''Norðurlönd'' ([[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]) and ''Norðurlond'' ([[Faroese language|Faroese]]) with the meaning of "[[The North]](ern lands)". In English usage, the term [[Scandinavia (disambiguation)|Scandinavia]] is sometimes used — though not consistently — as a synonym for the Nordic countries. From the 1850s, ''Scandinavia'' came to include, [[political geography|politically]] and [[cultural geography|cultural]]ly, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. [[Physical geography|Geographically]], the [[Scandinavian Peninsula]] includes mainland Sweden and mainland Norway, and also a part of Finland, while the [[Jutland Peninsula]] includes mainland Denmark and a small part of Germany. Denmark proper has not included any territory on the Scandinavian Peninsula since [[Treaty of Roskilde|1658]]). The [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Iceland]] are "Scandinavian" in the sense that they were settled by Scandinavians and speak Scandinavian languages, but geographically they are not part of Scandinavia. Finland was once part of Sweden, it has been significantly influenced by Swedish culture and [[Enontekiö|part of it]] is geographically part of Scandinavia whereas the Finnish language is not related to the Scandinavian languages. [[Greenland]] was settled by the Norse, and is currently part of the Danish realm, with the Danish language spoken by nearly all inhabitants, but geographically it is part of [[North America]]. In [[geology]], the term for the land area which lies above sea level on the [[Baltic shield]] (also known as the [[Fennoscandian Shield]]) is [[Fennoscandia]] (from the [[Latin]] toponyms ''[[Fennia]]'' and ''[[Scania]]''). ''Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary'' defines "Nordic" as an adjective dated to 1898 with the meaning "of or relating to the [[Germanic peoples]] of [[northern Europe]] and especially of Scandinavia" or "of or relating to a group or physical type of the Caucasian race characterized by tall stature, long head, light skin and hair, and blue eyes". <ref>[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/nordic Nordic]. ''Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary''. Retrieved 3 March 2008.</ref> Thus, in the light of [[Linguistics|linguistic]]-based [[Historical_definitions_of_race#19th_century|race theories]], [[Germany]] would be a Nordic country instead of Finland. Before the 19th century and [[romantic nationalism]], the term ''Nordic'' may have been used more as a synonym for ''Northern'' to mean [[Northern Europe]] including the [[Baltic countries]] (at that time [[Lithuania]], [[Livonia]] and [[Courland]]) and occasionally the [[British Isles]] and other lands on the shores of the [[Baltic Sea|Baltic]] and [[North Sea]]s. ==History== {{see also|History of Finland|History of Iceland|History of Scandinavia}} The Nordic countries are characterised by similar structures of their societies and cultural traits. This results not only from similar environmental realities and thus traditional livelihoods but also from a shared history. During the [[Dark Ages]], what are now Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland shared a similar [[culture|cultural]], [[language|linguistic]] ([[Old Norse]]) and [[religion|religious]] ([[Norse mythology]]) environment. From ca. the 12th century onwards what is now Finland (linguistically [[Baltic-Finnic]] and broader [[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]]) started sharing the common developments as it was increasingly integrated into the kingdom of Sweden. As another example of a deeply rooted unifying past could be taken the indigenous Sami lifestyle (linguistically Finno-Ugric) across what is now northern Norway, Sweden and Finland (and beyond). Indeed, all Nordic countries have minority groups deriving or claiming heritage of a population residing within another Nordic state. After being Christianised around the year 1000, the process of local unification established Denmark, Norway and Sweden as separate [[monarchy|kingdoms]]. Finland became part of Sweden in the mid 1200s, whereas Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the [[Shetland Islands]], [[Orkney]], [[History_of_Greenland#Norse_settlement|Greenland]] and large parts of [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]] belonged to Norway. All Nordic countries followed the Protestant Reformation of the Western church during the 16th century and adopted [[Lutheran Church|Lutheran]] state churches - still having a large membership count, although state church status varies. Finland also has a much smaller [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] state church whose members mainly come from the areas that were outside the Swedish realm when Christianity was introduced. In the 14th century, Denmark, Norway (with Iceland) and Sweden (with Finland) were united under one [[regent]], in the [[Kalmar Union]]. Denmark quickly gained the upper hand, but in the early 16th century Sweden reestablished itself as a separate kingdom. Denmark's domination over Norway lasted until 1814 when the king was forced to cede Norway to the king of Sweden. Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands remained Danish. After establishing itself as one of the [[Great power]]s in Europe during the 17th century Sweden ultimately lost its foreign [[Dominions of Sweden|Dominions]] one by one. This process culminated in the loss of Finland to [[Russia]] in 1809 which became an autonomous [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Grand Duchy]] under the Russian [[tsar]]. The 19th century saw a personal union between Sweden and Norway which was dissolved in 1905 due to growing dissatisfaction from the Norwegian part. At the same time [[Scandinavism]] emerged in Scandinavia. This movement strove to unite the three Scandinavian countries into one kingdom without much success. During [[World War I]] and in the midst of the [[Russian revolution of 1917]], Finland emerged for the first time as an independent nation and the perspective of a Nordic community replaced the idea of a united Scandinavia alone. During [[World War II]] in 1944, Iceland gained its independence from Denmark. The member states of the Nordic council (founded in 1952) had thus emerged. The Nordic countries share similar traits in the policies implemented under the postwar period, especially in the socioeconomic area. All Nordic countries have large tax-funded [[Welfare state|public welfare]] sectors and extensive socialist legislation. In most cases, this is due to the political ambitions of the many [[Social Democrats|Social Democrat]] governments that came to power during the interwar period in each of the Nordic countries. ====Chronology of the Nordic countries==== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center |'''Century'''||colspan=6|'''Nordic Political Entities |- | width=10% bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 21st | width=14% colspan=1 bgcolor=gold align=center|[[Denmark]] ([[European Union|EU]]) | width=14% colspan=1 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#ffc0c0 align=center|[[Faroe Islands|Faroes (Denmark)]] | width=14% colspan=1 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#fafaff align=center|[[Iceland]] | width=14% colspan=1 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#ccccff align=center|[[Norway]] | width=14% colspan=1 bgcolor=gold align=center|[[History of Sweden (since 1989)|Sweden]] ([[European Union|EU]]) | width=14% colspan=1 bgcolor=gold align=center|[[Finland]] ([[European Union|EU]]) |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center |20th | bgcolor=#ffc0c0 align=center|[[Denmark]] | bgcolor=#ffff80 align=center|[[Sweden]] | bgcolor=#efffef align=center|[[Finland]] |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 19th | colspan=3 bgcolor=#ffc0c0|[[Denmark]] | colspan=2 bgcolor=#fafaff|[[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden and Norway (personal union)]] | bgcolor=#ff8080|''[[Grand Duchy of Finland|Russia (GD of Finland)]]'' |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 18th | rowspan=3 colspan=4 bgcolor=#ffc0c0|[[Denmark-Norway|Denmark-Norway (personal union)]] | rowspan=3 colspan=2 bgcolor=#ffff80|[[Sweden]]<br/>(or [[Sweden-Finland]]) |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 17th |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 16th |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 15th |colspan=6 bgcolor=#fff8f8|[[Kalmar Union]] |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 14th | rowspan=3 bgcolor=#ffc0c0|[[Denmark]] | colspan=3 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#ccccff|[[Norway]] | rowspan=3 colspan=2 bgcolor=#ffff80|[[History of Sweden (800–1521)|Sweden]] |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 13th |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center | 12th | bgcolor=#fafaff|[[Faroe Islands|Faroes]] | bgcolor=#fafaff|[[Icelandic Commonwealth|Icelandic&nbsp;CW]] | bgcolor=#ccccff|[[Norway]] |- bgcolor=#f6faff align=center |Nordic Peoples||[[Danish people|Danes]]||[[Faroese people|Faroese]]||[[Icelanders]]||[[Norwegian people|Norwegians]]||[[Swedish people|Swedes]]||[[Finns]] |} ==Nordic Passport Union== [[Image:NordicPassportUnion.png|thumb|right|The Nordic Passport Union includes [[Denmark]], [[Finland]], [[Iceland]], [[Norway]], and [[Sweden]].]] The '''Nordic Passport Union''', created in 1954, and implemented on [[May 1]], [[1958]], allows [[citizens]] of the Nordic countries: [[Denmark]] ([[Faroe Islands]] included since [[January 1]], [[1966]], [[Greenland]] not included), [[Sweden]], [[Norway]] ([[Svalbard]], [[Jan Mayen]], [[Bouvet Island]] and [[Queen Maud's Land]] not included), [[Finland]] and [[Iceland]] (since [[September 24]], [[1965]]) to cross approved border districts without carrying and having their [[passport]] checked. Other citizens can also travel between the Nordic countries' borders without having their passport checked, but still have to carry a passport or another kind of approved travel identification papers. Since 1996, these countries have joined the larger EU directive [[Schengen Agreement]] area, comprising 30 countries in [[Europe]]. [[Border checkpoint]]s have been removed within the Schengen zone and only a national [[ID card]] is required. Within the Nordic area any ID card, e.g. [[driving licence]] is valid for Nordic citizens, because of the Nordic Passport Union. From [[March 25]] [[2001]], the Schengen [[acquis]] fully applied to the five countries of the Nordic Passport Union (except for the [[Faroe Islands]]). There are some areas in the Nordic Passport Union that give extra rights for Nordic citizens, not covered by Schengen, such as less paperwork if moving to a different Nordic country, and fewer requirements for [[naturalisation]]. ==Political dimension and divisions== The Nordic region has a political dimension in the joint official bodies called the [[Nordic Council]] and the [[Nordic Council|Nordic Council of Ministers]]. In this context, several aspects of the [[common market]] as in the [[European Union]] have been implemented decades before the EU implemented them. In the European Union, the [[Northern Dimension]] refers to external and cross-border policies covering the Nordic countries, the Baltic countries, and [[Russia]]. The political cooperation between the Nordic Countries has not led to a common policy or an agreement on the countries' memberships in the European Union, [[Eurozone]], and [[NATO]]. Norway and Iceland are only members of NATO, while Finland and Sweden are only members of the European Union. Denmark alone participates in both organizations. Only Finland is a member of the Eurozone. The tasks and policies of the European Union overlap with the Nordic council significantly, e.g. the [[Schengen Agreement]] partially supersedes the Nordic [[passport free zone]] and a common labor market. ==Flags and symbols== ===Flags=== All Nordic countries, including the autonomous territories of [[Faroe]] and [[Åland Islands]], have a similar flag design, all based on the [[Flag of Denmark|Dannebrog]], the Danish flag. They display an off-center cross with the intersection closer to the hoist, the "[[Nordic cross]]". {| align=center style="text-align:center;" |- | {{flagicon|Denmark|size=200x50px}} | {{flagicon|Faroe Islands|size=200x50px}} | {{flagicon|Finland|size=200x50px}} | {{flagicon|Iceland|size=200x50px}} | {{flagicon|Norway|size=200x50px}} | {{flagicon|Sweden|size=200x50px}} | {{flagicon|Åland|size=200x50px}} |- | [[Flag of Denmark|Denmark]] | [[Flag of the Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]] | [[Flag of Finland|Finland]] | [[Flag of Iceland|Iceland]] | [[Flag of Norway|Norway]] | [[Flag of Sweden|Sweden]] | [[Flag of Åland|Åland]] |} [[Image:Norden.jpg|thumb|200px|Nordic flags]] [[Flag of Greenland|Greenland]] and the [[Sami flag|Sami]] people have adopted flags without the Nordic cross, but they feature a circle which is placed off-center like the cross. {| align=center style="text-align:center;" |- | {{flagicon|Greenland|size=200x50px}} | [[Image:Sami flag.svg|200x50px|border]] |- | [[Flag of Greenland|Greenland]] | [[Sami flag|The Sami people]] |} ==Population== {{Refimprove|date=December 2007}} Population of the Nordic countries. 1. [[Demographics of Sweden|Sweden]] - 9,142,817<br /> 2. [[Demographics of Denmark|Denmark]] - 5,470,919<br /> 3. [[Demographics of Finland|Finland]] - 5,309,000 (including [[Åland]] with a population of 27,000)<br /> 4. [[Demographics of Norway|Norway]] - 4,770,000<br /> 5. [[Demographics of Iceland|Iceland]] - 316,252<br /> 6. [[Demographics of Greenland|Greenland]] - 57,100<br /> 7. [[Demographics of Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]] - 48,317 ==Areas with close relations to the Nordic countries== Several areas have a long and close relationship with and often identify with some or all of the Nordic countries. These are however for the most part not regarded as part of the Nordic group themselves. ===Shetland and Orkney=== The [[Northern Isles]] of [[Scotland]] - '''[[Orkney Islands|Orkney]]''' and '''[[Shetland Islands|Shetland]]''' - have a long-established Nordic identity. The islands were Norwegian [[Colony|colonies]] for more than 500 years, but ownership defaulted to the [[List of monarchs of Scotland|crown of Scotland]] in 1472 following non-payment of the marriage [[dowry]] of [[Margaret of Denmark]] and Norway, queen of [[James III of Scotland]]. During [[World War II]] Shetland and Orkney were important bases for the Norwegian armed forces in exile. The [[Shetland Bus]] was based in Shetland and smuggled refugees, agents and supplies to and from Norway. In later years financial relations, particularly in the maritime industries, have been important. Cultural and sporting exchanges are frequent. A genetic survey showed that 60% of the male population of Shetland and Orkney had Norwegian genes.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The traditional links to Scandinavia are reflected in the islands' flags, both of which are based around a [[Nordic cross]]: {| align=center style="text-align:center;" |- | {{flagicon|Orkney|size=200x50px}} | {{flagicon|Shetland|size=200x50px}} |- | [[Flag of Orkney|Orkney]] | [[Flag of Shetland|Shetland]] |} Other regions of the [[British Isles]] have adopted symbols to allude to a similar Norse or [[Norse-Gaels|Norse-Gaelic]] heritage. === Estonia === Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than [[Baltic states|Balts]],<ref>[http://web-static.vm.ee/static/failid/220/eesti_elu.pdf "Estonian Life"]. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs publication, 2004.</ref><ref>[http://web-static.vm.ee/static/failid/273/Eesti%20elu.pdf "Estonian Life"]. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs publication, 2002.</ref> based on strong linguistic, cultural and historical ties with Finland in particular, and also with Sweden and Denmark. The [[Estonian language]] is closely related to the [[Finnish language]], and [[Estonians]], as an ethnic group, are a [[Finnic]] people. Estonia was part of the [[Danish empire|Danish]] and [[Swedish empire|Swedish]] empires for many centuries prior to its absorption into the [[Russian Empire]]. It is generally thought that the name of the Estonian capital, [[Tallinn]], derives from the [[Estonian language|Estonian]] ''taani linn'', meaning 'Danish town'. {| align="center" style="text-align:center;" |- | {{flagicon|Estonia|size=95px}} | [[Image:Estonian alternative flag proposal.svg|83px|border|Proposed Estonian flag featuring a Nordic cross]] | [[Image:Flag of Estonia proposed in 1919.svg|95px|border]] |- | [[Flag of Estonia]] | Proposed Estonian flag<br />featuring a Nordic cross | Flag proposed in 1919 |} Historically, large parts of Estonia’s north-western coast and islands have been populated by an indigenous ethnically Swedish population ([[Estonian Swedes]]). The majority of Estonia's Swedish population fled to Sweden in 1944, escaping the advancing Soviet Army. In 2007, Estonian Swedes were granted official cultural autonomy under Estonian law.<ref>[http://www.citypaper.ee/estonian_swedes_embrace_autonomy_rights "Estonian Swedes Embrace Autonomy Rights"] Citypaper, 2007</ref> Since regaining [[History of Estonia#regaining independence|independence]] in 1991, [[Estonia]] has expressed interest in identifying with the Nordic community. In 1999, Estonian Foreign Minister — and current president since 2006 — [[Toomas Hendrik Ilves]] delivered a speech entitled "Estonia as a Nordic Country" to the [[Swedish Institute for International Affairs]].<ref>Ilves, Toomas Hendrik. [http://www.vm.ee/eng/nato/1210.html "Estonia as a Nordic Country"]. December 14, 1999.</ref> In 2003, the [[foreign ministry]] also hosted an exhibit called "Estonia: Nordic with a Twist."<ref>[http://www.sm.ee/eng/pages/goproweb0689 "Estonia - Nordic with a Twist"]. Estonian Ministry of Social Affairs, 2004 (last updated).</ref> In 2005, Estonia also joined the [[European Union]]'s [[Nordic Battle Group]] and shows interest in joining the [[Nordic Council]]. Today there is a great deal of economic interdependence between Estonia and some of its Nordic neighbors. Three quarters of investments into Estonia come from Nordic states (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 58% of its exports. On the other hand, the Estonian political system and non-welfare-state model distinguish it from the Nordic states, and from many other European countries. ===Others=== The North of [[England]], particularly the [[North East England|North East]] was once part of [[Danelaw]]<!--, and the modern [[Geordie]] dialect spoken in [[Newcastle-upon-Tyne]] shares some similarity to the modern Germanic languages of the Nordic countries, and it is often said that tourists from the Nordic countries find Geordie easier to understand than [[Standard English]]-->. Finally, the northernmost part of [[Germany]], [[Southern Schleswig]] on the [[Jutland]] peninsula, had a Scandinavian identity up until its transfer to Germany in the mid 19th century and its subsequent [[Germanisation]]. Today, the Nordic character of Southern Schleswig's society and its inhabitants is still very prominent. ==See also== *[[Scandinavia]] *[[Subdivisions of the Nordic countries]] *[[Nordic Council]] *[[Nordic Cross]] *[[Northern Dimension]] *[[Thule]] *[[West Nordic Council]] *[[Baltic countries]] *[[Baltic region]] *[[Largest Nordic Companies]] *[[Northern Europe]] *[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordiques_%28revue%29 ''Nordic countries''] a journal created by [[Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commonscat|The Nordic region}} *[http://www.norden.org/start/start.asp?lang=6 Norden] — the Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers' website. *[http://www.nordregio.se/ Nordregio] — a European centre for research, education and documentation on spatial development, established by the Nordic Council of Ministers. *[http://www.nordregio.se/stats.htm NordRegio Statistics] — a collection of thematic maps and figures of Nordic and Baltic countries by NordRegio. *[http://www.goscandinavia.com/ Go Scandinavia] — official website of the Scandinavian Tourist Boards in North America. *[http://www.scandinaviahouse.org/ Scandinavia House] — the Nordic Center in New York, run by the [http://www.amscan.org/ American-Scandinavian Foundation]. {{Nordic Council}} [[Category:Nordic countries| ]] [[zh-min-nan:Pak-kok]] [[ca:Països nòrdics]] [[cs:Severské státy]] [[da:Norden]] [[de:Nordische Länder]] [[et:Põhjamaad]] [[es:Países nórdicos]] [[eo:Nordio]] [[fo:Norðurlond]] [[fr:Pays nordiques]] [[ga:Na Stáit Nordach]] [[gl:Países nórdicos]] [[ko:노르딕 국가]] [[is:Norðurlöndin]] [[it:Paesi nordici]] [[he:המדינות הנורדיות]] [[jv:Negara Nordik]] [[lb:Nordesch Länner]] [[mt:Pajjiżi Nordiċi]] [[ms:Negara-negara Nordik]] [[nl:Noordse landen]] [[ja:北欧諸国]] [[no:Norden]] [[nn:Norden]] [[pl:Kraje nordyckie]] [[pt:Países nórdicos]] [[ru:Скандинавские страны]] [[sco:Nordic kintras]] [[simple:Nordic countries]] [[sk:Severské štáty]] [[sl:Nordijske države]] [[sr:Нордијске земље]] [[fi:Pohjoismaat]] [[sv:Norden]] [[th:กลุ่มนอร์ดิก]] [[zh:北歐五國]]