Norrköping 1019536 224334516 2008-07-08T11:43:40Z 81.225.44.63 {{Infobox Settlement |official_name = Norrköping |nickname = Peking |image_skyline = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = Norrköping_City_Arms.png |image_map = |mapsize = 180px |pushpin_map = Sweden |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_name = [[Sweden]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Norrköping Municipality]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Östergötland County]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Östergötland]] |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_footnotes = <ref name="scb">{{cite web |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2000 och 2005 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/MI/MI0810/2005A01B/T%E4torternami0810tab1.xls |format=xls |language=Swedish |accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref> |area_total_km2 = 34.78 |population_as_of = 2005-12-31 |population_footnotes = <ref name="scb"/> |population_total = 127 500 |population_density_km2 = 2403 |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |latd=58 |latm=36 |lats= |latNS=N |longd=16 |longm=12 |longs= |longEW=E |website = [http://www.norrkoping.se/ norrkoping.se] }} '''Norrköping''' [ˈˈnɔrɕøːpɪŋ] is a [[City status in Sweden|city]], as well as a [[Municipalities of Sweden|municipality]] including other [[Urban areas of Sweden|urban areas]] in [[Östergötland]] in mid-eastern [[Sweden]]. The city has 83,561 inhabitants, and the whole [[Norrköping Municipality]] totals 127 059 inhabitants<ref name="Norrköpings kommun Kommuninvånardata">[http://www.norrkoping.se/organisation/statistik/befolkning/norrkoping/utveckling/2008/kidstat_man_07/index.xml Folkmängd i Norrköpings kommun den 31 maj 2008]</ref>, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality. The city is situated by the mouth of the river [[Motala ström]], at [[Bråviken]], an inlet of the [[Baltic Sea]]. Water power from the Motala ström and the good [[harbour]] were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its [[textile]] industry. It has several nicknames such as: "Sweden's [[Manchester]]" , "[[Peking]]" and "Surbullestan" (Surbulle was a local nickname for the textileworkers, and stan´ is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish) == History == [[Image:Suecia Norrköping.jpg|thumb|left|Norrköping before it was burnt in 1719. Contemporary engraving by [[Jan van den Aveelen]].]] The city has [[medieval]] foundations by [[settler]]s around the Norrköping twin city with Linköping Motala stream estuary, who used the falls and rapids to power their mills. The stream was also full of fish such as [[salmon]]. Exact dates are uncertain, but there are mentions of a [[church]] in the 12th century. It was dedicated to [[Saint Olaf]], Norway's [[patron]]. The first trace of the city's name is from 1283, when [[Sofia of Denmark]] - wife of [[Valdemar I of Sweden]] - donated her rights of salmon fishing to the [[Skänninge]] monastery. The town is estimated to have received [[city status in Sweden|city status]] in the early 14th century, although no written documents exist prior to a document from 1384. This document, signed by [[Albrekt of Sweden]] is stored in the city archive today. The city was the location of several battles in the ensuing centuries. As a consequence, nothing of the medieval Norrköping remains today. During the [[Northern Seven Years' War]] (1563-1570), the entire southern part of Norrköping was burnt. It was rebuilt by [[John III of Sweden]] and [[David Appelgren, Duke of Östergötland]] (1589-1618), who designed the current street pattern. An impressive castle fortress called [[Johannisberg]] was in 1614 begun by the Duke David Appelgren, although not completed until 1639. In 1618, a weapon industry was established by supervision of [[Gustavus Adolphus]]. The harbour also attracted ships due to its proximity to the industries of [[Finspång]]. In addition to the weapon industry, a large scale industry of [[textile]] was also initiated. An important benefactor was the industrial man [[Louis De Geer (1587-1652)]]. At De Geer's death, Norrköpings had 6,000 inhabitants and was Sweden's second largest city. The city again burnt in 1655, and again in 1719 during the [[Great Northern War]] when the Russians burnt it to the ground. Stones from the Johannisborg castle were used to build new houses, and today only a few stones remain. During the 18th century it was rebuilt and several industries soon got a stronghold: In the 1740s, Norrköping boosted three [[sugar refineries]]; in the 1750s the large scale influential [[snus|snuff]] industry was established. From this time stems the city churches of Saint Olof and Saint Hedvig, and several other old houses. [[Image:Norrkoping.strom.jpg|thumb|none|320px|right|[[Motala ström]] runs through Norrköping]] Norrköping's importance again flourished. In 1769 the Swedish [[Riksdag]] assembled there. In 1800 the king [[Gustav IV of Sweden]] was crowned in the Church of Saint Olof. The city again suffered fires in 1822 and 1826. Thereafter wooden houses were banned. In 1841 a ship industry was initiated as a branch of [[Motala Verkstad]] in [[Motala]]. In 1850 the industry had over 600 employees making it Sweden's largest ship industry at the time. During the remaining 19th century, the industries kept expanding. The area by the Motala Stream was developed further with the construction of a [[cotton]] refinery, and a [[paper mill]] was constructed in 1854, specializing in newspaper, and is still today exporting to customers around the world. The industry, including textile manufacturers, also expanded into the 20th century. In 1950 a total of 54 factories had 6,600 employees in town. By 1956, however, 18 of them had been closed due to competition from countries abroad with lower wages, such as [[Italy]] and [[Japan]]. In 1970 only 10 factories and 1,200 employees remained. In that year, the renowned [[Holmen]] paper mill, with its 350 years long history, announced closure, and another 900 people were let go{{Fact|date=August 2007}}. To counter the effects, several governmental authorities were relocated to Norrköping from [[Stockholm]]. See also [[Braviken Paper Mill]]. As of 2002, Norrköping is now seeing a revival, as a center of culture and education. The Norrköping symbol represents the "new" Norrköping. == Sights == A campus of [[Linköping University]], its own [[Norrköping Symphony|symphonic orchestra]], an airport called Kungsängen with 170000 traveling (2006), and a high-tech industry park called [[Pronova]] and [[Petroglyphs]] from the [[Nordic Bronze Age]]. <center> <gallery> Image:Stadsbiblioteket Norrköping april 2005.jpg|The renowned public library, built in the [[modern architecture|modern]] style Image:Strykjärnet Motala ström Norrköping april 2005.jpg|The characteristic Museum of Labour (''[[Arbetets museum]]'') in the midst of Motala ström. Image:Spårvagn 61 Hospitalsgatan Norrköping april 2005.jpg|The [[Norrköping tramway]] is one of three such systems in Sweden Image:St Olai kyrka i Norrköping april 2005.jpg|The Church of Saint Olof, built circa 1750 Image:Gamla vattentornet Norrköping 2008-05-10 bild02.jpg|Old water tower in Norrköping Image:Holmens huvudkontor Norrköping april 2005.jpg|The Holmen Paper headquarters in Norrköping </gallery> </center> <br clear=all> == Notable natives == * [[Hannes Alfvén]] - Physicist, Nobel Prize Winner * [[Moa Martinson]] - Author * [[Ture Nerman]] - One of the founders of Swedish [[Communism]] * [[Peter Harryson]] - Actor, entertainer * [[Pernilla Wiberg]] - Alpine skier, double Olympic gold medalist * [[Slagsmålsklubben]] - Electronic popgroup * [[Elin Grindemyr]] - ''[[Slitz]]'' (Swedish men's magazine) [[Model (person)|Model]] * [[Malin Baryard]] - horse rider * [[Helena Lundbäck]] - horse rider * [[23 Till]] - music group * [[Eldkvarn (band)|Eldkvarn]] - music group * [[Spånka NKPG]] - House music * [[Marduk (band)]] - music group * [[Amy Diamond]] - singer == Sports == * [[IFK Norrköping]] ([[Association football]]) * [[Norrköping Dolphins]] ([[Basket]]) * [[HC Vita Hästen]] ([[Icehockey]]) * [[Vargarna]] ([[Speedway]]) ==Twin cities== *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Esslingen]], [[Germany]] *{{flagicon|Faroe Islands}} [[Klaksvík]], [[Faroe Islands]] *{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Kópavogur]], [[Iceland]] *{{flagicon|Austria}} [[Linz]], [[Austria]] *{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Odense]], [[Denmark]] *{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Riga]], [[Latvia]] *{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Tampere]], [[Finland]] *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Trondheim]], [[Norway]] == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{commonscat|Norrköping}} *[http://www.norrkoping.se/ Norrköping] - Official site *[http://www.destination.norrkoping.se/ Norrköping Tourism] *[http://nkpg.nu/ nkpg.nu] Local event guide for Norrköping {{Cities in Sweden}} {{Localities in Norrköping Municipality}} {{coor title dm|58|36|N|16|12|E|region:SE_type:city}} [[Category:Cities in Sweden|Norrkoping]] [[Category:Östergötland|Norrkoping]] [[Category:Norrköping| ]] [[Category:Swedish municipal seats]] {{Link FA|sv}} [[ar:نورشوبينغ]] [[ca:Norrköping]] [[cs:Norrköping]] [[da:Norrköping]] [[de:Norrköping]] [[et:Norrköping]] [[es:Norrköping]] [[fr:Norrköping]] [[gl:Norrköping]] [[io:Norrköping]] [[id:Norrköping]] [[it:Norrköping]] [[la:Norcopia]] [[nl:Norrköping (stad)]] [[ja:ノーショーピング]] [[no:Norrköping]] [[pl:Norrköping]] [[pt:Norrköping]] [[ro:Norrköping]] [[ru:Норрчёпинг]] [[sr:Норчепинг]] [[fi:Norrköping]] [[sv:Norrköping]] [[vi:Norrköping]] [[vo:Norrköping]] [[zh:北雪平]]