North Eastern Province (Kenya) 1404497 224729900 2008-07-10T04:18:14Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[ja:北東州 (ケニア)]] [[Image:Kenya-NorthEastern.png|right|175px|Location of North Eastern Province in Kenya.]] The '''North Eastern Province''' is one of the [[Provinces of Kenya|seven administrative provinces]] in [[Kenya]] outside of [[Nairobi]]. The provincial capital is the town of [[Garissa]], near [[Coast Province, Kenya|Coast Province]]. The overall population is 962,143 (in 1999) and its land area is 126,902&nbsp;km².<ref>[http://www.cbs.go.ke]</ref> Formerly known as the ''Northern Frontier District'' (NFD), the North Eastern Province covers most of northeastern Kenya. Its capital is [[Isiolo]]. The region is and has historically been primarily inhabited by [[Somali people|ethnic Somalis]].<ref name="Howard">Rhoda E. Howard, ''Human Rights in Commonwealth Africa'', (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.: 1986), p.95</ref> NFD also has a number of large refugee camps with most refugees coming from [[Somalia]]. The Somali communities residing in the Isiolo, [[Garissa]], [[Wajir]], and [[Mandera]] towns of the NFD are typically from the [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaden]], [[Degodia]], [[Murule]], [[Garre]], [[Ajuran]] and [[Isaaq]] [[Somali clan]]s. Other Somali clans found in urban centers include pockets of [[Gaaljecel]], [[Majeerten]], [[Habr Gedir]] and [[Abgaal]]. == History == Throughout much of the 20th century, the North Eastern Province used to be a part of [[British East Africa]]. However, after the dissolution of the former British colonies in East Africa, Britain granted adminstration of the region to Kenyan nationalists despite a) an informal plebiscite demonstrating the overwhelming desire of the region's population to join the newly-formed [[Somalia|Somali Republic]],<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> and b) the fact that the NFD was and still is almost exclusively inhabited by ethnic Somalis.<ref>Africa Watch Committee, ''Kenya: Taking Liberties'', (Yale University Press: 1991), p.269</ref><ref>Women's Rights Project, ''The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women's Human Rights'', (Yale University Press: 1995), p.121</ref><ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> Led by the [[Northern Province People's Progressive Party]] (NPPPP), Somalis in the NFD vigorously sought union with the Somali Republic to the north.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> In response, the Kenyan government enacted a number of repressive measures designed to frustrate their efforts: <blockquote> Somali leaders were routinely placed in preventive detention, where they remained well into the late 1970s. The North Eastern Province was closed to general access (along with other parts of Kenya) as a "scheduled" area (ostensibly closed to all outsiders, including members of parliament, as a means of protecting the nomadic inhabitants), and news from it was very difficult to obtain. A number of reports, however, accused the Kenyans of mass slaughters of entire villages of Somali citizens and of setting up large "protected villages" -- in effect [[concentration camp]]s. The government refused to acknowledge the ethnically based irredentist motives of the Somalis, making constant reference in official statements to the ''shifta'' (bandit) problem in the area.<ref name="Howard"/> </blockquote> == Climate and Habitat == {{climate chart|Mandera |23|35|1 |25|36|4 |26|36|24 |26|35|83 |25|33|24 |24|32|0 |23|32|0 |23|33|1 |24|34|2 |24|34|43 |24|34|36 |23|35|9 |float=right }} North Eastern Province is the third largest province in Kenya and has thirteen constituencies represented in the Kenya National Assembly. The region is home to a rare type of antelope called the [[Hirola]], which is classified as an [[endangered species]]. The NFD's [[Pastoralism|pastoralists]] also possess [[livestock]] in excess of 2-3 millions. The climate of the North Eastern Province is semi-arid and hot. Rain falls infrequently, usually only around April or October, and quite sporadically from year to year. Combined with hot temperatures and extreme evaporation, this makes the region best suited to nomadic pastoralism based around the [[Dromedary|Arabian camel]], which is well adapted to surviving in hot, dry habitats. There are no rivers of any significance in the region, though there are a few tributaries of the [[Jubba River]] near the Somali border, which very rarely have any water in them. Consequently, there is little or no possibility of [[irrigation]]-based development, and pastoralists rely exclusively on wells to water their stock and for domestic use. 60-70% of all livestock in Kenya comes from the North Eastern Province, and is sometimes exported to the [[Middle East]] as well as elsewhere in Asia. The region is also abundant with wildlife, although figures show deteroriating trend regarding the endangered Hirola and Gazelles, Giraffe population. The biggest airport in the area is the Wajir Airport, formerly used as a Military Airport. == Districts == {| class="wikitable" ! District !! Capital |- | [[Garissa District|Garissa]] || [[Garissa]] |- | [[Ijara District|Ijara]] || [[Ijara]] |- | [[Wajir District|Wajir]] || [[Wajir]] |- | [[Mandera District|Mandera]]&nbsp;&nbsp; | [[Mandera]] |} === After 2007 === {| class="wikitable" ! District <ref>[http://www.provincialadministration.go.ke/detail.php?op=8005 Ministry of State for Provincial Administration and National Security]</ref> !! Capital |- | [[Fafi District|Fafi]] || [[Bura]] |- | [[Garissa District|Garissa]] || [[Garissa]] |- | [[Ijara District|Ijara]] || [[Masalani]] |- | [[Mandera Central District|Mandera Central]] || [[El Wak]] |- | [[Mandera East District|Mandera East]] || [[Mandera]] |- | [[Mandera West District|Mandera West]] || [[Takaba]] |- | [[Wajir East District|Wajir East]] || [[Wajir]] |- | [[Wajir North District|Wajir North]] || [[Bute]] |- | [[Wajir South District|Wajir South]] || [[Habaswein]] |- | [[Wajir West District|Wajir West]] || [[Griftu]] |} ==See also== *[[Shifta War]] *[[Greater Somalia]] *[[Territorial dispute]] *[[Somalia]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/somalia1.htm Somalia-Ethiopia, Kenya Conflict] {{First and second-level administrative divisions of Kenya}} <!--Categories--> <!--Other languages--> {{coor title dm|1|00|N|40|15|E|region:KE_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} [[Category:Geography of Somalia]] [[Category:Provinces of Kenya]] [[Category:Disputed territories| Territorial dispute]] [[ar:المحافظة الشمالية الشرقية (كينيا)]] [[ca:Província del Nord-est (Kenya)]] [[de:North-Eastern (Kenia)]] [[fr:Province nord-orientale (province du Kenya)]] [[it:Provincia nordorientale (Kenya)]] [[sw:Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Mashariki (Kenya)]] [[nl:Kaskazini-Mashariki]] [[ja:北東州 (ケニア)]] [[pl:Prowincja Północno-Wschodnia (Kenia)]] [[pt:Nordeste (Quénia)]] [[ru:Северо-Восточная (провинция Кении)]] [[sv:Nordöstra provinsen (Kenya)]] [[zh:东北省 (肯尼亚)]]