Nothofagus 495192 207377725 2008-04-22T15:35:37Z Thoasp 6891767 sv: {{Taxobox | name = ''Nothofagus'' | image = Nothofagus obliqua.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = ''Nothofagus obliqua'' | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Fagales]] | familia = '''Nothofagaceae''' | familia_authority = [[Ludmila Andreevna Kuprianova|Kuprian.]] | genus = '''''Nothofagus''''' | genus_authority = [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]] | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text }} [[Image:Nothofagus obliqua Shoot LeavesCupules.jpg|thumb|Shoots, leaves, and cupules of ''N''. ''obliqua'']] [[Image:Nothofagus nervosa.jpg|thumb|right|''N''. ''alpina'', rauli beech]] '''''Nothofagus''''', also known as the '''southern beeches''', is a genus of about 35 [[species]] of [[tree]]s and [[shrub|shrubs]] native to the temperate oceanic to tropical [[Southern Hemisphere]] in southern [[South America]] ([[Chile]], [[Argentina]]) and [[Australasia]] (east & southeast [[Australia]], [[Tasmania]], [[New Zealand]], [[New Guinea]] and [[New Caledonia]]). In the past they were included in the family [[Fagaceae]], but genetic tests by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] revealed them to be genetically distinct, and they are now included in a family their own, the [[Nothofagaceae]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are toothed or entire, [[evergreen]] or [[deciduous]]. The [[fruit]] is a small, flattened or triangular [[nut (fruit)|nut]], borne in cupules containing 2-7 nuts. ''Nothofagus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]] of [[Hepialidae|hepialid]] [[moth]]s of the genus ''[[Aenetus]]'' including ''A. eximia'' and ''A. virescens''. Many individuals are extremely old, and at one time it was believed that some populations could not reproduce in present-day conditions at the location where they were growing, except by [[sucker]]ing ([[clonal reproduction]]), being remnant forest from a cooler time. It has since been shown that [[sexual reproduction]] may occur[http://cgi.cse.unsw.edu.au/~lambert/cgi-bin/clim/2005/07/], but distribution in cool, [[isolated high-altitude environment]]s at [[temperate]] and [[tropical]] [[latitude]]s is consistent with the theory that the species was more prolific in a cooler age.[http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Bio14Tuat01-t1-body-d1.html] The [[pattern of distribution]] around the southern [[Pacific Ocean rim]] has fed speculation that the dissemination of the genus dates to the time when [[Antarctica]], Australia and [[South America]] were connected, the hypothetical common land-mass referred to as [[Gondwanaland]].[http://www.nativeforest.org/campaigns/gondwana/index.htm] ==Taxonomy== The genus is classified in the following sections:<ref>[http://nothofagus.free.fr/sommaire.htm ''Nothofagus'' website] (in French)</ref> ;Sect. ''Brassospora'' (type ''Nothofagus brassi'') *''[[Nothofagus aequilateralis]]'' (New Caledonia) *''[[Nothofagus balansae]]'' (New Caledonia) *''[[Nothofagus baumanniae]]'' (New Caledonia) *''[[Nothofagus brassii]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus carrii]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus codonandra]]'' (New Caledonia) *''[[Nothofagus crenata]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus discoidea]]'' (New Caledonia) *''[[Nothofagus flaviramea]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus grandis]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus nuda]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus perryi]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus pseudoresinosa]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus pullei]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus resinosa]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus rubra]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus starkenborghii]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus stylosa]]'' (New Guinea) *''[[Nothofagus womersleyi]]'' (New Guinea) ;Sect. ''Fuscospora'' (type ''Nothofagus fusca'') *''[[Nothofagus alessandri]]'' (Central Chile) *''[[Nothofagus fusca]]'' (New Zealand) *''[[Nothofagus gunnii]]'' (Australia: Tasmania) *''[[Nothofagus solandri]]'' (New Zealand) *''[[Nothofagus truncata]]'' (New Zealand) ;Sect. ''Lophozonia'' (type ''Nothofagus menziesii'') *''[[Nothofagus alpina]]'' (=''N. procera'') (Central Chile) *''[[Nothofagus cunninghamii]]'' (Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania) *''[[Nothofagus glauca]]'' (Central Chile) *''[[Nothofagus macrocarpa]]'' (Central Chile) *''[[Nothofagus menziesii]]'' (New Zealand) *''[[Nothofagus moorei]]'' (Australia: New South Wales, Queensland) *''[[Nothofagus obliqua]]'' (South America) ;Sect. ''Nothofagus'' (type ''Nothofagus antarctica'') *''[[Nothofagus antarctica]]'' (South America) *''[[Nothofagus betuloides]]'' (South America) *''[[Nothofagus dombeyi]]'' (Central Chile and Andean Patagonia) *''[[Nothofagus nitida]]'' (South America) *''[[Nothofagus pumilio]]'' (South America) ==References== {{commons|Nothofagus}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Nothofagaceae]] [[Category:Fagales of Australia]] [[Category:Flora of New Zealand]] [[Category:Flora of Argentina]] [[Category:Flora of Chile]] [[ca:Nothofagus]] [[da:Sydbøg]] [[de:Scheinbuchen]] [[es:Nothofagus]] [[fr:Nothofagus]] [[gd:Faidhbhile deasach]] [[it:Nothofagus]] [[he:אשור דרומי]] [[lt:Notofaginiai]] [[no:Sydbøkfamilien]] [[pl:Bukan]] [[pt:Nothofagus]] [[simple:Nothofagus]] [[sv:Sydbokssläktet]] [[zh:南青岡科]] {{Fagales-stub}}