Novosibirsk
63065
225590127
2008-07-14T13:19:55Z
80.64.94.255
/* Sports */
{{Infobox Russian city
| EnglishName = Novosibirsk
| RussianName = Новосибирск
| Skyline = Вид на правый берег с Коммунального моста.jpg
| SkylineLegend = View onto central part of the right bank
| LatDeg = 55
| LatMin = 01
| LatSec
| LonDeg = 82
| LonMin = 56
| LonSec
| LocatorMap =NovosibirskLocatie.png
| LocatorMapLegend = Novosibirsk on the 2005 map of Russia
| CoatOfArms = Coat of Arms of Novosibirsk.svg
| Flag = Flag of Novosibirsk.svg
| CityDay = Last Sunday of June
| FederalSubject = [[Novosibirsk Oblast]]
| MunStatus
| InJurisdictionOf = [[Novosibirsk Oblast]]
| AdmCtrOf = [[Novosibirsk Oblast]], [[Novosibirsky District]]
| LeaderType = Mayor
| LeaderName = [[Vladimir Gorodetsky]]
| Legislature = [[City Council of Novosibirsk|City Council]]
| Charter = [[Charter of Novosibirsk]]
| Area_km2 = 503
| AreaRank
| Population = 1425508
| PopulationRank = 3rd
| FoundationDate =1893
| Event1 = Town status
| Event1Date = [[January 10]], [[1904]]
| Event2 = Renamed
| Event2Date = [[February 12]], [[1926]]
| PostalCode = 630xxx
| DialingCode = 383
| Website = http://www.novo-sibirsk.ru/
}}
{| style="float:right;clear:right"
|[[Image:Собор Александра Невского.jpg|thumb|250px|The temple of St. Alexander Nevsky]]
|-
|[[Image:Novosibirsk Vauhxall.jpg|thumb|250px|Novosibirsk Trans-Siberian railway station]]
|-
|[[Image:Novosibirsk Kommunisticheskaya 50.jpg|thumb|250px|One of the tallest buildings of Novosibirsk, nicknamed "BlueTooth", "Batman", "Plug", etc.]]
|}
[[Image:Администрация НСО.jpg|thumb|Building of the administration of [[Novosibirsk Oblast]]]]
[[Image:Вид на центр с вертолёта.jpg|thumb| Areal view of the center of the city]]
[[Image:Новосибирск, Титова 31.jpg|thumb|New apartment buildings]]
'''Novosibirsk''' ({{lang-ru|Новосиби́рск}}, {{pronounced|nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk}}) is [[Russia]]'s third largest [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]], after [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg]], and the administrative center of [[Novosibirsk Oblast]]. It is also the largest city in [[Siberia]] and the administrative center of [[Siberian Federal District]], in the southwest of which it is located.
== History ==
It was founded in [[1893]] as the future site of the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] bridge crossing the great [[Siberia]]n river [[Ob River|Ob]], and was known as '''Novonikolayevsk''' after St.Nicholas. Also, it was the name of the Tsar ruling at that time [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]]. The bridge opened for traffic in the spring of 1897. Its importance further increased early in the 20th century with the completion of the [[Turkestan-Siberia Railway]], connecting Novosibirsk to [[Central Asia]] and the [[Caspian Sea]].<ref name=all>[http://www.allsiberia.com/novosibirsk/ AllSiberia]</ref>
By the time of the bridge's opening Novonikolaevsk's population was 7,800 people. The year 1906 saw the first bank of Novosibirsk being established and by 1915 there were already five banks. In 1907 it became a city with all the rights of self-government and population of 47,000. The pre-[[November Revolution]] period saw Novosibirsk with a population of 80,000 and was the largest commercial and industrial center having an agricultural processing industry, power station, iron foundry, commodity market, banks, commercial and shipping companies, 7 Orthodox churches, one Roman-Catholic church, several cinemas, 40 primary schools, a high school, teachers' seminary and the Romanov House' non-classical secondary school. Novosibirsk was one of the first towns in Russia that accepted the compulsory primary education in 1913.<ref name=all/>
The [[Russian Civil War]] took a toll on the town, with several typhus and cholera epidemics which took thousands of lives. The famous Ob bridge was blown up, and for the first time since the beginning of its history Novonikolaevsk's population fell. In December of 1917 the [[Soviet Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of Novonikolaevsk]] seized the town. In May, 1918 Czechoslovak prisoners of war set up an opposition and together with White Guards captured Novonikolaevsk. It was taken by the [[Red Army]] in 1919.<ref name=all/>
Novonikolaevsk began reconstruction in 1921 at the start of [[Lenin]]'s New Economic Policy. It was given a new name, Novosibirsk, in 1926.<ref name=all/>. The "novo" part means "new", "sibir" - Siberia and the "sk" suffix is common for settlement names, so "Novosibirsk" can be translated as "New Siberia City".
During [[Stalin]]'s Industrialization Novosibirsk rose from a large commercial city turned into one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Several huge plants were located here, including the Sibkombain plant, a mining tools plant, a metal processing plant, food processing and other plants and factories, and a power station. From 1932-1933, during the [[Soviet famine of 1932-1933|Great Soviet Famine]], more than 170 thousand refugees arrived at Novosibirsk. They settled down in barracks at the outskirts of town, in shacks and huts, giving rise to slums such as Big Nakhalovka, Little Nakhalovka, and others.<ref name=all/>
Tram rails were laid in Novosibirsk in 1954; by that time it was the largest city of Siberia with 287,000 residents. The next year the Kommunalny bridge on the Ob was built to replace the old bridge that helped start Novosibirsk.<ref name=all/>
To cope with the large amount of people moving to the town during the 1950s a hydroelectic power station for 400 kilowatts was erected near Novosibirsk, that caused the creation of a giant water reservoir - to be known as the [[Ob Sea]]. However, that power station didn't solve all the power supply problems; in fact it caused more. Vast fertile fields were flooded; relic pine woods were put under water; because of the new water space the wind speed doubled causing higher soil erosion.<ref name=all/>
[[Akademgorodok]], the city of scientific research, was built about 30 km south of the city centre in 1957 and was the centre of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences. There arose within a very short time 14 research institutions and universities, virtually making it a new city.
At September 2nd, 1962, Novosibirsk reached a population of one million. At that time it was the youngest city in the world with over a million people. It took Novosibirsk less than 70 years to achieve that milestone.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.novo-sibirsk.ru/index/section/53 |title=Novosibirsk Mayor Office Web Site, City History Page |publisher=Novosibirsk Mayor Office |accessdate=2008-02-13}}</ref>
In 1979 construction of the [[Novosibirsk Metro]] began, culminating in the opening of the first line in 1985.<ref name=all/>
Novosibirsk is on the center path of the [[Solar eclipse of 2008 August 1|Solar eclipse of August 1, 2008]]. The duration of the eclipse will be 2m20, which is close to the eclipse's maximum duration.
== Geography ==
The city lies along the [[Ob River]] in the [[West Siberian Plain]]. To the south is the [[Ukok Plateau]] part of the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] entitled ''Golden Mountains of Altai''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pacificenvironment.org/article.php?list=type&type=83 |title=Altai: Saving the Pearl of Siberia |accessdate=2006-11-30}}</ref>
== Climate ==
The climate is sharply [[Continental climate|continental]], with severely cold and snowy winters, and hot and dry summers. Temperatures in summer range from 20 °C to 25 °C (75 °F), in winter -18 °C to -20 °C (0 °F), but can reach from -40 °C to -50 °C (-40 °F) in winter and 35-40 °C (100 °F) in summer. The difference between the highest and the lowest temperature is 88 °C (158 °F). Most of the time the weather is sunny, with an average of 2880 hours of sunshine per year.
Travelers coming from the countries with mild climate may find Novosibirsk’s winter tough but it will not be extraordinary for those from northern countries. Sometimes, bitter cold may hold for some days, but these temperatures of -40 °C and lower do not occur every year. In contrast, springtime is not the best season for visiting Novosibirsk. Streets and roads become dirty because of mud and melting snow, and weather is still cold.
Summers are typically very nice, with warm, long days (sunrise at 5am and sunset after 10pm).
== Industry, education, science, and culture ==
Industries include machine manufacturing and [[metallurgy]]. Turkish Efes Beverage Group owns a brewery in Novosibirsk. It is the home of [[Novosibirsk State University]] (situated in nearby [[Akademgorodok]]), a number of institutes and a scientific research center. The city is widely considered to be the cultural center of [[Siberia]].
== Broadcasting ==
Novosibirsk is home to Russia's most powerful shortwave relay station east of the [[Ural mountains]]. This relay station can reach most of South Asia, the Middle East, and [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The [[Magadan]] and [[Vladivostok]] relay stations when operated in conjunction with Novosibirsk can guarantee that the [[Voice of Russia]] or any other broadcaster renting time at Novosibirsk is heard in the intended target area.
== Transport ==
Novosibirsk is the third largest city in [[Russia]] (after Moscow and Saint Petersburg) and the first in Siberia in which a [[metro]] system was established (the [[Novosibirsk Metro]], opened in 1985). The city is served by [[Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport]] with regular flights to Europe and Asia and other Russian cities. Tolmachevo is the hub for [[S7 Airlines]]. There is also the auxiliary [[Novosibirsk Elitsovka Airport]] and a smaller field for general aviation at [[Novosibirsk Severny Airport]].
== Sports ==
Amongst several other former Soviet Olympians, Novosibirsk has the distinction of being the hometown of [[Alexander Karelin]], the 12-time world champion Greco-Roman wrestler (including 3 Olympic gold and 1 Olympic silver medals), voted by [[International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles|FILA]] as the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of the 20th century.
* [[HC Sibir Novosibirsk]] - ice hockey team playing in the [[Russian Hockey Super League]]
* [[FC Sibir Novosibirsk]] - football team playing in the [[Russian First Division]]
* [[Sibirtelecom Lokomotiv Novosibirsk]] - basketball team playing in the Men's [[Russian Basketball Super League]]
* [[Dynamo-Energiya Novosibirsk]] - basketball team playing in the Women's [[Russian Basketball Super League]]
* HC Sibselmash - bandy team playing in the Russian Vyschaya Liga
Novosibirsk has numerous sports facilities.
== Music ==
Three classical violinists of modern times, [[Vadim Repin]], [[Natalia Lomeiko]] and [[Maxim Vengerov]], are natives of Novosibirsk. The city possesses a Conservatory, a Philarmony and several music halls where concerts are given.
== The Zoo of Novosibirsk ==
The [[Zoo]] of Novosibirsk is a world renowned zoo and a popular tourist attraction to the city. The zoo has over 4000 species of animals, and actively participates in thirty-two different societies for preserving [[endangered species]]. On average, around 700,000 people visit the zoo each year.
In [[2000]], the zoo held the closest relative to the [[cape lion]] of [[South Africa]]. John Spence was always fascinated about the stories of these grand lions scaling the walls of [[Jan van Riebeeck|General van Rieebeck]]'s castle in the 17th century. Spence's search took thirty years, which led him to the Novosibirsk Zoo where he found the closest living resemblance to the cape lion; the zoo called him Simon. The lion and his family are kept outdoors in large, natural settings. "It is kept all the year around in the climate conditions of the West Siberia at the temperatures from {{C to F|-49}} to {{C to F|36}}. In forty years, more than sixty cubs were born."<ref>[http://sibzoo.narod.ru/animal/lev.htm Лев<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
The zoo's current curator is Rostislav Shilo. Simon's cubs were named after him and his wife, Olga. The zoo is also famous for having the world's only South Asian Sumit Sinha<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/07/0726_capelion_2.html |title=Has Rare Lion of Africa's Cape Eluded Extinction? |publisher=National Geographic News |accessdate=2007-01-06}}</ref>
== [[Sister city|Sister cities]] ==
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon]], [[South Korea]] (2001)
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Changchun]], [[China]] (1994)
* {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota]] [[United States]] (1989)
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Sapporo]], [[Japan]] (1990)
* {{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Minsk]], [[Belarus]] {{Fact|date=July 2008}}
* {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Varna]], [[Bulgaria]] (28 June 2008)<ref>[http://www.novo-sibirsk.ru/news/18625 Novosibirsk official site]</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Novosibirsk}}
* [http://geoengine.nima.mil/muse-cgi-bin/rast_roam.cgi?exttype=1&outputfile=roamoutput1102833484_65804.png&same_level=yes+++&oldproduct_level=CADRG+1%3A500K_TP&oldcenlat=55.0411111111111&oldcenlon=82.9344444444445&oldzoom=.25&olddata_level=1%3A500K_TP&oldisize=901&oldcoordtype=dd&oldhgttype=egmft&same_level=&olddbdbv_level=5&world_overview_x_org=-180.0&world_overview_file=world_overview_1102833509_83204.png&isize=901&zoom=.5&cenlat=55.0411111111111&cenlon=82.9344444444445&coordtype=dd&cenht=552.536&hgttype=egmft&product_level=CADRG+1%3A500K_TP&bounds_feature_name=&Roam=Raster+Roam&pixmove=1&gnsname=&gnscountry_code= TPC map 1:500 000]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=55.028801,82.921715&spn=0.230919,0.301043&t=k&hl=en Google map]
* [http://www.prijut.ru/map/ Orphanages and Baby Homes in Novosibirsk]
* [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/04/02/8403482/index.htm?postversion=2007032605 CNN article on Siberian IT industry]
{{Cities and towns in Novosibirsk Oblast}}
[[Category:Novosibirsk| ]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1893]]
[[ar:نوفوسيبيرسك]]
[[be:Горад Навасібірск]]
[[bg:Новосибирск]]
[[ca:Novosibirsk]]
[[cv:Çĕн Çĕпĕр]]
[[cs:Novosibirsk]]
[[cy:Novosibirsk]]
[[da:Novosibirsk]]
[[de:Nowosibirsk]]
[[et:Novosibirsk]]
[[el:Νοβοσιμπίρσκ]]
[[es:Novosibirsk]]
[[eo:Novosibirsk]]
[[fa:نووسیبیرسک]]
[[fr:Novossibirsk]]
[[ko:노보시비르스크]]
[[io:Novosibirsk]]
[[id:Novosibirsk]]
[[os:Новосибирск]]
[[is:Novosibirsk]]
[[it:Novosibirsk]]
[[he:נובוסיבירסק]]
[[ka:ნოვოსიბირსკი]]
[[la:Novosibirscum]]
[[lv:Novosibirska]]
[[lt:Novosibirskas]]
[[jbo:novosibirsk]]
[[hu:Novoszibirszk]]
[[mk:Новосибирск]]
[[nl:Novosibirsk]]
[[ja:ノヴォシビルスク]]
[[no:Novosibirsk]]
[[nn:Novosibirsk]]
[[pl:Nowosybirsk]]
[[pt:Novosibirsk]]
[[ro:Novosibirsk]]
[[qu:Nowosibirsk]]
[[ru:Новосибирск]]
[[simple:Novosibirsk]]
[[sk:Novosibirsk]]
[[cu:Новосибирьскъ]]
[[sr:Новосибирск]]
[[fi:Novosibirsk]]
[[sv:Novosibirsk]]
[[tg:Новосибирск]]
[[uk:Новосибірськ]]
[[vo:Novosibirsk]]
[[zh:新西伯利亞]]