Nuclear power in Russia 4132064 224797642 2008-07-10T13:32:53Z ChNPP 7266002 /* Nuclear power reactors in operation */ + Novovoronezh II In [[2005]], a nuclear energy supply in Russia counted 137 billion kWh, which is 16% of total output. The total installed capacity of nuclear reactors is 21,244MW. The Russian energy strategy of 2003 sets policy priority to reduce the use of natural gas for electricity and to double the nuclear output by [[2020]]. In [[2006]] the [[Federal Atomic Energy Agency]] (Rosatom) announced a target of nuclear providing 23% of electricity by [[2020]] and 25% by [[2030]].[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf45.html] Russia has made plans to increase the number of [[List of nuclear reactors#Russia|reactors in operation]] from thirty one to fifty nine, financed with the help of loans from the [[European Union]]. Old reactors will be maintained and upgraded, including [[RBMK]] units similar to the reactor in Chernobyl. [[China]] and Russia have agreed on a cooperation in the construction of nuclear stations in [[October 2005]]. {{wikinews|Putin promises to continue energy production increases}} According to the government order from 2001, all [[Russia]]n civil reactors are operated by [[Rosenergoatom]]. On [[19 January]] [[2007]] Russian Parliament adopted the law "On the peculiarities of the management and disposition of the property and shares of organizations using nuclear energy and on relevant changes to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation", which created [[Atomenergoprom]] - a holding company for all Russian civil nuclear industry, including Rosenergoatom, the nuclear fuel producer and supplier [[TVEL]], the uranium trader [[Tekhsnabexport]] (Tenex) and the nuclear facilities constructor [[Atomstroyexport]]. Through membership in the [[ITER]] project, Russia is participating in the design of fusion reactors. ==Nuclear power reactors== {{main|List of nuclear power plants of Europe and CIS#Russia}} ===Nuclear power reactors in operation=== {{Russia nuke plant map}} {{clear}} Many of the current reactors in operation are of the RBMK 1000 type, simlar to the one at [[Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]]. Some of these RBMK reactors were due to be shutdown, but instead, they were kept in operation and uprated, by about 5%. Also new safety systems were added after Chernobyl incident. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Name ! Location ! Type ! Capacity, MWe ! Operational ! Notes |- | Obninskaya || [[Obninsk]] || AM-1 ||align="right"| 5 || 1954–2002 || world first nuclear power plant |- | '''Sibirskaya''' || [[Seversk]] || EI-2 ||align="right"| 100 || 1958–1990 |- | || || ADE-3 ||align="right"| || 1961–1992 |- | || || '''ADE-4''' ||align="right"| || 1963–2008 |- | || || '''ADE-5''' ||align="right"| || 1965–2008 |- | '''[[Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station|Beloyarskaya]]''' || [[Zarechny]] || AMB-100 ||align="right"| 100 || 1964–1981 |- | || || AMB-200 ||align="right"| 200 || 1967–1989 |- | || || BN-600 ||align="right"| '''600''' || 1980– |- | || || BN-800 ||align="right"| 800 || under construction |- | '''[[Novovoronezhskaya Nuclear Power Plant|Novovoronezhskaya]]''' || [[Novovoronezh]] || VVER ||align="right"| 210 || 1964–1984 |- | || || [[VVER]] ||align="right"| 365 || 1969–1990 |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''417''' || 1971– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''417''' || 1972– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1980– |- | '''[[Novovoronezhskaya Nuclear Power Plant II|Novovoronezhskaya II]]''' || [[Novovoronezh]] || VVER ||align="right"| 1170 || under construction |- | '''Dimitrovgradskaya''' || [[Dimitrovgrad, Russia|Dimitrovgrad]] || BOR-60 ||align="right"| '''12''' || 1968– |- | '''[[Leningrad nuclear power plant|Leningradskaya]]''' || [[Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Oblast|Sosnovy Bor]] || [[RBMK]] ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1973– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1975– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1979– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1981– |- | '''[[Kola Nuclear Power Plant|Kolskaya]]''' || [[Polyarnye Zori]] || VVER ||align="right"| '''440''' || 1973– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''440''' || 1974– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''440''' || 1981– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''440''' || 1984– |- | '''Bilibibskaya''' || [[Bilibino]] || EPG ||align="right"| '''12''' || 1974– || combined heat and power production |- | || || EGP ||align="right"| '''12''' || 1974– |- | || || EGP ||align="right"| '''12''' || 1975– |- | || || EGP ||align="right"| '''12''' || 1976– |- | '''[[Kursk Nuclear Power Plant|Kurskaya]]''' || [[Kurchatov, Russia|Kurchatov]] || [[RBMK]] ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1976– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1979– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1983– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1985– |- | '''Smolenskaya''' || [[Desnogorsk]] || [[RBMK]] ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1982– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1985– |- | || || RBMK ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1990– |- | '''[[Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant|Kalininskaya]]''' || [[Udomlya]] || [[VVER]] ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1984– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1986– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 2004– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| 1000 || under construction |- | '''[[Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant|Balakovskaya]]''' || [[Balakovo]] || [[VVER]] ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1985– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1987– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1988– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 1993– |- | '''Volgodonskaya''' || [[Volgodonsk]] || [[VVER]] ||align="right"| '''1000''' || 2001– |- | || || VVER ||align="right"| 1000 || under construction |- |} ===Nuclear power reactors under construction=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Reactor !! Type V=PWR !! MWe net, each !! Will be commercially operational |- | Volgodonsk-2 ||V-320 ||950|| [[2009]] |- | Kalinin 4 ||V-320 ||950 ||[[2011]] |- | Beloyarsk-4 ||FBR (BN-800) ||750 ||[[2012]] |- | Novovoronezh II-1 ||VVER-1200/V491 (AES-2006) ||1085 ||[[2012]] |- | '''Total: 3''' || ||'''2650 MWe''' |} ===Proposed new reactors=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Reactor !! Type V=PWR !! MWe net, each !! Start-up |- | colspan=4|'''Replacement capacity''' |- | Leningrad NPP-2 1&2 ||VVER-1160 ||1100/1200 ||[[2012]], [[2013]] |- | Novovoronezh NPP-II 2 ||VVER-1200 ||950 ||[[2016]] |- | Kursk NPP-2 1&2 ||PWR ||1200 ||2016, [[2019]] |- | Balakovo 5 & 6 ||PWR ||950 ||? |- | colspan=4|'''New capacity''' |- | [[Kaliningrad_Oblast|Kaliningrad region]]<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080421/105520282.html RIA Novosti - Opinion & analysis - Russia plans nuclear project for Kaliningrad<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ||2x AES-92? || 1150 |- | Kursk 6 ||PWR 950? ||? |- | Bashkira 1 ||PWR ||950|| [[2012]] |- | North-west 1 ||VK 300|| || [[2011]] |- | Smolensk 4 ||PWR|| 950|| [[2012]] |- | North-west 2 ||VK ||300 ||[[2013]] |- | Kola 2 ||? ||440-640 ||2013 |- | Bashkira 2 ||PWR ||950 ||[[2014]] |- | Volgodonsk 3 ||PWR ||950 ||[[2015]] |- | Volgodonsk 4 ||PWR ||950 ||[[2017]] |- | Tatar 1 ||PWR ||950 || [[2016]] |- | Smolensk NPP-2 1&2 ||PWR ||950 ||[[2017]], [[2019]] |- | Tatar 2 ||PWR ||950 ||[[2018]] |- | South Ural 1, 2|| PWR ||950 ||[[2016]], [[2019]] |- | Novovoronezh 7 ||PWR ||950 ||[[2016]] |- | Bashkir 3&4 ||PWR ||1500 ||[[2018]], [[2020]] |- | Leningrad NPP-2, 3-6 ||PWR ||1500 ||to [[2021]] |- | Tatar 3 ||PWR ||1500 ||[[2020]] |- | Beloyarsk 5 ||BREST ||300 ||2020 |} == See also == ;Russia * [[Energy policy of Russia]] * [[Politics of Russia]] * [[Federal Atomic Energy Agency]] * [[Rosenergoatom]] ;Nuclear power * [[Nuclear power]] * [[List of nuclear reactors]] * [[Nuclear energy policy]] == References == <references/> * [http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/2000/0918/russianukes.html Time.com] * [http://www.mosnews.com/news/2005/10/31/chinrusnucl.shtml Mosnews.com] * [http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/08/22/061.html The Moscow Times] == External links == * [http://www.uic.com.au/nip62.htm Uranium Information Center: Nuclear energy in Russia] * [http://greennature.com/article1053.html Greennature.com] * [https://www.cia.gov/nic/special_russiannuke04.html Cia.gov] * [http://www.bellona.no/en/ Bellona.no] * [http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf45.htm World-nuclear.org] {{Nuclear power by country}} [[Category:Politics of Russia]] [[Category:National electric power policy]] [[Category:Nuclear energy in Russia]] [[fr:Liste des réacteurs nucléaires de Russie]] [[sv:Kärnkraft i Ryssland]] [[de:Liste der Kernreaktoren in Russland]]