Nymphaeales
54261
224561426
2008-07-09T12:32:37Z
Kingdon
668610
/* Classification */ Hydatellaceae wasn't here as of APG II
{{Taxobox
| name = Nymphaeales
| image = 2007 nymphaea lotus.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Nymphaea lotus]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
| classis = ''see text''
| ordo = '''Nymphaeales'''
| ordo_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumortier]]
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision =
[[Nymphaeaceae]]<br />
[[Cabombaceae]]<br />
[[Hydatellaceae]]
}}
'''Nymphaeales''' is a [[botanical name]] at the rank of [[order (biology)|order]]. When recognized, it includes [[Nymphaeaceae|water lilies]] and sometimes other [[aquatic plant]]s. This order is not part of the [[APG II system|APG II system's]] 2003 plant classification (unchanged from the [[APG system]] of 1998), which instead has a broadly circumscribed family [[Nymphaeaceae]] (including [[Cabombaceae]]) unplaced in any order. It is recognized by some [[list of systems of plant taxonomy|systems of plant taxonomy]], but others use different placements for the families in this order. In particular some plant systematists using the APG II system now use this order and circumscribe it to include the [[Nymphaeaceae]] and [[Cabombaceae]]. A 2007 study has found that [[Hydatellaceae]] also belongs to this group.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Saarela et al | title = Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree | journal = Nature | volume = 446 | issue = 7133 | pages = 312–5 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17361182 | doi = 10.1038/nature05612}}</ref>
This order is considered to be a basal, or early diverging, group of angiosperms. The families of this order are united by being families of aquatic herbs and are known from the fossil record as early as the Lower Cretaceous.
== Fossils ==
The fossil record consists especially of seeds, and also pollen, stems, leaves, and flowers. It extends back to the [[Cretaceous]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/paleoherbs/nymphfr.html | title = Nymphaeales: Fossil Record | publisher = University of California Museum of Paleontology}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | journal = Nature | volume = 410 | pages = 357–360 | date = 15 March 2001 | title = Fossil evidence of water lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous | author = Else Marie Friis, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen and Peter R. Crane | doi = 10.1038/35066557 | pmid = 11268209 }}</ref>
It is posssible that the aquatic plant fossil ''[[Archaefructus]]'' belongs to this group.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/1133/1/3 | title = The Year in Evolutionary Biology 2008 | date = published June 2008 | journal = Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. | volume = 1133 | pages = 3–25 | doi = 10.1196/annals.1438.005 | pmid = 18559813 | author = Soltis, D. E. }}</ref>
== Classification ==
The current [[phylogenetic]] placement (based on the [[APG II system]], with subsequent revisions) is:
{{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|label1=[[Angiospermae]]
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Amborella]]''
|2={{clade
|label1='''Nymphaeales'''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Nymphaeaceae]]
|2=[[Cabombaceae]]
}}
|2=[[Hydatellaceae]]
}}
}}
|3=[[Austrobaileyales]]
|4={{clade
|label1=Mesangiospermae
|1={{clade
|1=[[Chloranthaceae]]
|2=[[magnoliids]]
|3=''[[Ceratophyllum]]''
|4=[[monocots]]
|5=[[eudicots]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
The family Cambombaceae is included within the Nymphaeaceae in the APG II system, but may optionally be recognized separately.
====Cronquist====
The [[Cronquist system]], of 1981, placed it in subclass [[Magnoliidae]], in class [[Magnoliopsida]] [=[[dicotyledons]]]
of division [[Magnoliophyta]] [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:
* order Nymphaeales
:* family [[Nelumbonaceae]]
:* family [[Nymphaeaceae]]
:* family [[Barclayaceae]]
:* family [[Cabombaceae]]
:* family [[Ceratophyllaceae]]
====Thorne (1992)====
The [[Thorne system (1992)]] placed it in superorder [[Nymphaeanae]] in subclass Magnoliideae [=dicotyledons] in class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:
* order Nymphaeales
:* family Cabombaceae
:* family Nymphaeaceae
====Dahlgren====
The [[Dahlgren system]] placed it in superorder Nymphaeanae,
in subclass Magnoliideae [=dicotyledons], in class Magnoliopsida [=angiosperms]. It used this circumscription:
* order Nymphaeales
:* family Cabombaceae
:* family Nymphaeaceae
:* family Ceratophyllaceae
== References ==
<references />
* Simpson, M.G. ''Plant Systematics''. Elsevier Academic Press. 2006.
[[Category:plant taxonomy]]
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