-stan 154516 225145733 2008-07-12T03:19:07Z Barticus88 1396480 [[Persian]]→[[Persian language]] in the holy name of [[WP:DPL|WikiProject Disambiguation]] using [[WP:POP|Popups]] {{citations missing|date=June 2008}} {{redirect|Istan|the municipality in Andalusia (Spain)|Istán}} The [[Affix|suffix]] '''-stān''' (spelled ـستان in the [[Perso-Arabic script]]) is [[Persian language|Persian]] for "place of", derived from the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] equivalent, '''-sthāna''' ({{pronounced|st̪ʰaːna}} (स्थान in the [[Devanagari script|Devanāgarī script]]), a cognate [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] suffix with a similar meaning. In Indo-Aryan languages, ''sthāna'' is also used as a word to mean "place". They appear in the names of many countries and regions, especially in [[Central Asia]] and the [[Indian subcontinent]], areas where ancient [[Indo-Iranian]] peoples were established; in Iranian, however, it is also used more generally, as in Persian ''rigestan'' (ريگستان) 'place of sand, desert' and ''golestan'' (گلستان) 'place of roses, rose garden', Hindi/Sanskrit ''devasthan'' (place of [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]], "temple"), etc. Both suffixes are of Indo-Iranian and ultimately Indo-European origin, the Proto-Indo-European root being *stā- 'stand,' which is also the source of English ''stand'', Latin ''stāre'', and Greek ''histamai'' (ίσταμαι), all meaning 'stand,' as well as many other words, for instance the [[Russian language|Russian]] word стан (''stan'') meaning 'settlement' or 'semi-permanent camp' (used in reference to semi-nomadic settlements encountered in certain areas of Central Asia) or in other [[Slavic languages]] such as [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]/[[Croatian language|Croatian]]/[[Serbian language|Serbian]] where ''stan'' means 'apartment'. Also in [[Germanic language|Germanic]] languages the suffix has survived, for example in the words ''Stadt'' ([[German language|German]]), ''stad'' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]/[[Danish language|Danish]]) and ''stêd'' ([[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]), all meaning 'city'. The suffix ''-stan'' occurs in the following names, mostly geographical or pseudo-geographical: == Continent == *[[Frangistan]] ([[Persian language|Persian]]:فرنگستان ''farangestān'') <ref name="davison">{{cite journal |author=Davidson, Roderic H. |title=Where is the Middle East? |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=38 |pages=p. 665–675 |year=1960}}</ref> === Subcontinent === *[[Hindustan]] == Countries == *[[Afghanistan]] *[[Kazakhstan]] *[[Kyrgyzstan]] *[[Pakistan]] *[[Tajikistan]] *[[Turkmenistan]] *[[Uzbekistan]] === Autonyms === *[[Armenia (name)|Hayastan]], the name of [[Armenia]] in [[Armenian language|Armenian]] == Regions == *[[Avaristan]] — Avari name for Avari land in Dagestan (Russia) *[[Balawaristan]] — another name for the Northern Areas, Pakistan. *[[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]] or Baluchistan **[[Sistan and Baluchistan]], Province of Iran **[[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], Province of SW Pakistan **[[Baluchistan States Union]] *[[Baltistan]] (in [[Kashmir|Pakistani Kashmir]]) *[[Bantustan]] — [[Apartheid]]-era South African black 'homelands'; the term is coined by an analogy *[[Bashkortostan]] — constituent republic of [[Russia]] *[[Cholistan Desert]] *[[Dagestan]] — constituent republic of the Russian Federation, literally "place of mountains" *[[East Pakistan]] (or East Bengal, historic name for pre-independence [[Bangladesh]]) *[[Gulistan]] ("[[rose garden]]" in Persian, an Iranian province and a [[Guliston|city in Uzbekistan]]; compare with [[Golestan Palace|Gulistan Palace]] in [[Tehran]] and the [[Gulistan of Sa'di|poem]] by [[Saadi]]) *[[Hindustan]] - originally either the subcontinent of India, or northern India and Pakistan. *[[Kabul]]istan — ("The Kabul land" — old term used in many historical books and old Persian literature books for Kabul. Kabulistan contained a larger region than today's [[Kabul Province]]. Some times it is called as ''the country of Kabulistan'') *[[Kafiristan]] — ("land of the infidels"), historic region in Afghanistan until 1896, now known as Nuristan *[[Karakalpakstan]] — constituent republic of Uzbekistan *[[Khuzestan]] — a province of southwestern [[Iran]] *[[Kurdistan]] — [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] region *[[Kordestan]] - a [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] province in [[Iran]] *[[Lazistan]] — another name for [[Colchis]], a region in the [[Caucasus]] *[[Lorestan]] or [[Luristan]] — a province of western [[Iran]] *[[Nurestan Province]] — Afghanistan, formed in 2001 *[[Pashtunistan]] or Pakhtunistan is what many Pashtun nationalists call the Pashtun-dominated areas of Pakistan. *[[Rajasthan]] — a state in India *[[Registan]] — historic site in [[Samarkand]], meaning "place of sand" *[[Seistan]] or Sistan — a province of Iran and Afghanistan *[[Tatarstan]] — a constituent republic of the Russian Federation *[[Talyshistan]] - ethnolinguistic region in the SE [[Caucus]] and NW [[Iran]] *[[Turkestan]] — ethnolinguistic region encompassing Central Asia, northwest China, parts of the Caucasus and Asia Minor **[[Russian Turkestan]] - Turkestan in the [[Russian Empire]], later [[Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Turkestan Autonomous SSR]] *[[Waziristan]] — region of northwest Pakistan *[[Zabulistan]] — a historical region in the border area of today's [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]], around the city [[Zabol]] *[[Zanjistan]], or Zenjistan, term used in medieval texts to refer to the homeland of the [[Zanj]], black slaves of probably East African origin ==Proposed names== *[[Khalistan]], a proposed country created from areas with a [[Sikh]] majority, had enjoyed considerable support. *[[Dravidistan]], a proposed southern Indian country covering the modern [[Tamil Nadu]], and its neighbouring states. *[[East Turkestan|Uyghuristan]] — (variants [[East Turkestan]] & Uighurstan) proposed ethnic name for [[Xinjiang]], [[People's Republic of China]] Other proposed names include Dalitstan, Mughalstan, and other similar names that originated on the [[Dalitstan]] website. == Fictional == * Adjikistan — a fictional central Asian country in the videogame ''[[SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Combined Assault]]''. * Aldastan — a fictional central Asian country consisting of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, from ''[[Command & Conquer: Generals]]''. * Ardistan — from the novel ''Ardistan and Dschinnistan'' by [[Karl May]]. * Avgatiganistan — a pun of 'Afghanistan', it means '[[Fried egg]]s' ('Avga tiganita') in Greek. Fictional country by author [[Eugene Trivizas]]. * Azadistan - From the anime series, [[Mobile Suit Gundam 00]]. * Bazrakhistan - a fictional former Soviet republic in the movie ''[[Act of War]]'' (1998) starring [[Jack Scalia]]. * Berzerkistan - a fictional republic run by a genocidal terrorist godhead in the comic strip ''[[Doonesbury]]''. * Belgistan - fictional Middle Eastern country in the [[anime]] ''[[Gasaraki]]''. * Carjackistan - used occasionally in the comic strip ''[[Tank McNamara]]''. * Derkaderkastan — fictional Middle Eastern country in ''[[Team America: World Police]]''. * Franistan — fictional country referred to in the television show ''[[I Love Lucy]]''. * Helmajistan — fictional area from the anime ''[[Full Metal Panic!]]''. * Howduyustan ("how do you stand?") — fictional country from ''[[Uncle Scrooge]]'' comic book stories. * Iranistan — an oriental region of [[Hyborean Age|Hyborea]] (''[[Conan the Barbarian]] stories''). * Istan — a fictional island state in the online role-playing game, ''[[Guild Wars Nightfall]]''. * Kerakhistan - a fictional Middle Eastern country featured in the tabletop miniature wargame ''[[Battlefield Evolution]]''. * Kreplachistan — fictional country in the movie ''[[Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me]]''. ("[[Kreplach]]" — Eastern European Jewish dish consisting of meat-filled dumplings.) * Pianostan — fictional country mentioned in an episode of ''[[Inspector Gadget]]''. * [[Zekistan]] — a fictional central Asian nation in the video game ''[[Full Spectrum Warrior]]''. == Satirical == * [[Absurdistan]] — sometimes used to satirically describe a country where everything goes wrong. * Boratistan — name used by Kazakh press secretary Roman Vasilenko to describe an image of Kazakhstan created by [[Sacha Baron Cohen]]'s character, [[Borat]]. * Canuckistan, [[Soviet Canuckistan]] — derogatory nickname of [[Canada]]. * Ethniclashistan — sometimes used satirically to describe countries in which multiple ethnic groups were thrown together, who then began fighting each other, e.g. Yugoslavia, the former Soviet Union. It was featured in the satirical [[The Onion]] newspaper in June, 2001 as being placed in the [[West Bank]] in the article ''[http://www.theonion.com/content/node/28369 Northern Irish, Serbs, Hutus Granted Homeland In West Bank]'' (here spelled ''Ethniklashistan'') * Incumbistan - introduced by columnist [[Mark Steyn]] to refer to the efforts of politicians of all parties to unite to enact rules seen as assuring their continued reelection [http://www.examiner.com/a-127065~Editorial__Understanding_the_Incumbistan_Complex.html]. * [[Londonistan (term)|Londonistan]] — the British capital of [[London]] was given this sobriquet by French counter-terrorism agents. * [[Londonistan (book)]] A book that sounds a warning about how the culture of the United Kingdom is being changed by a high concentration of immigrants. * Nukhavastan — fictional country created by ''[[The Onion]]'' that has nuclear weapons. * The three ''Jetlag'' [[parody]] [[travel guide]]s contain faux ads for guides to other countries, each with a ''-stan'' reference. [[Molvanîa]] contains an ad for "Surviving&nbsp;[[moustache|Moustaschistan]]" (mentioning also "[[Carpet]]stan"), [[Phaic Tăn]] contains an ad for "[[Sherpa people|Sherpa]]stan", and [[San Sombrèro]] contains an ad for "[[tyrant|Tyranistan]]". == Other == * [[Bimaristan]], a kind of hospital in medieval Persia. * [[Hamastan]], a concept of a Palestinian Islamist theocracy with Sharia as government law. * [[Islamistan]], means 'Land of Islam', used in various contexts. * [[Registan]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in central [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]]. ==Citations== {{Reflist}} == External links == *[http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE494.html Indo-European root *stā-] (from the ''American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition'') {{DEFAULTSORT:Stan}} [[Category:Persian loanwords]] [[Category:Suffixes]] [[cv:-стан]] [[de:-stan]] [[id:-stan]] [[nl:-stan]] [[ja:スターン (地名)]] [[ru:-стан]] [[uk:-стан]] [[zh:-斯坦]]