1000 34876 225326398 2008-07-13T02:54:06Z Wilson Delgado 520098 /* Science and Technology */ Avicenna father of medicine not momentum!! {{otheruses-number}} {{year nav|1000}} {{M1YearInTopic}} The year '''1000''' of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] was the last year of the [[10th century]] as well as the last year of the [[1st millennium|first millennium]] of the [[Common Era|Christian era]] ending on [[December 31st]]. According to the then used [[Julian Calendar]], [[AD]] 1000 was a [[leap year starting on Monday]]. In the Gregorian Calendar (not invented at the time) the year would be a [[common year starting on Wednesday]]. ==Overview== ===China=== In what is today China, the [[Song Dynasty]] remained the world's most populous empire and continued to thrive under [[Emperor Zhenzong of Song China]]. By the late 11th century, the Song Dynasty had a total population of some 101 million people, an average annual [[iron]] output of 125,000 tons produced a year, and bolstered its [[Economy of the Song Dynasty|enormous economy]] with the world's first known [[Banknote|paper-printed money]]. ===Islamic world=== The [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] was experiencing a [[Islamic Golden Age|Golden Age]] around the year 1000 and continued to flourish under the [[Arab Empire]] (including the [[Ummayad]], [[Abbasid]] and [[Fatimid]] [[caliphate]]s), which included what is now the [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], [[Central Asia]] and [[Iberian Peninsula]]. By 1000, Muslim traders and explorers had established a [[global economy]] across the [[Old World]] leading to a [[Islamic Golden Age#Agricultural Revolution|Muslim Agricultural Revolution]], establishing the Arab Empire as the world's leading [[Islamic Golden Age#Economy|extensive economic power]]. The [[Islamic science|scientific achievements]] of the [[Islamic Golden Age|Islamic civilization]] also reaches its zenith during this time, with the emergence of the first [[experiment]]al [[scientist]]s and the [[scientific method]], which would form the basis of [[science|modern science]]. Most of the leading scientists around the year 1000 were [[Islamic science|Muslim scientists]], including [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī|Abu Rayhan al-Biruni]], [[Avicenna]], [[Abu al-Qasim]] (Abulcasis), [[Ibn Yunus]], [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī|Abu Sahl al-Quhi]] (Kuhi), [[Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi]], [[Abu Nasr Mansur]], [[Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī|Abu al-Wafa]], [[Ahmad ibn Fadlan]], [[Al-Muqaddasi]], [[Ali Ibn Isa]], and [[al-Karaji]] (al-Karkhi), among others. In particular, [[Ibn al-Haytham]], [[Avicenna]], [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī|Abu Rayhan al-Biruni]], and [[Abu al-Qasim]], who all flourished around the year 1000, are considered among the greatest scientists in history. ==Events== ===By Place=== ====Africa==== * The [[Hutu]] arrive in present-day [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]], soon outnumbering the native [[Twa]]. ====Americas==== * [[Leif Ericson]] lands in [[North America]], calling it [[Vinland]]. * The [[Incas]] are one of many small groups fighting for land and water (approximate date). ====Asia==== * [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]], is founded. ====Europe==== [[Image:Europe 1000.jpg|thumb|Europe in 1000]] * [[September 9]] — [[Battle of Svolder]]: King [[Olaf Tryggvason]] is defeated by an alliance of his enemies, in this notable naval battle of the [[Viking Age]]. * [[December 25]] - [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]] becomes King of [[Hungary]], which is established as a [[Christian]] kingdom. * [[Sancho III of Navarre]] becomes King of [[List of Aragonese monarchs|Aragon]] and [[List of Navarrese monarchs|Navarre]]. * [[Sweyn I of Denmark|Sweyn I]] establishes [[Denmark|Danish]] control over part of [[Norway]]. * [[Oslo]], [[Norway]] is founded (the exact year is debatable, but the 1,000 year anniversary was held in the year [[2000]]). * [[Emperor]] [[Otto III]] makes a pilgrimage from [[Rome]] to [[Aachen]] and [[Gniezno]] ([[Gnesen]]), stopping at [[Regensburg]], [[Meissen]], [[Magdeburg]], and Gniezno. The [[Congress of Gniezno]] (with [[Bolesław I Chrobry]]) is part of his [[pilgrimage]]. In [[Rome]], he builds the basilica of [[San Bartolomeo all'Isola]], to host the relics of St. [[Bartholomew]]. * The Château de Goulaine [[vineyard]] is founded in [[France]]. ===By Topic=== ====Religion==== * The [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] expands. * [[Scandinavia]] and [[Hungary]] are [[Christianization|Christianized]]. * The [[Diocese]] of [[Kołobrzeg]] is founded. * The [[archdiocese]] in [[Gniezno]] is founded; the first [[Archbishop of Gniezno|archibishop]] is [[Radim Gaudentius|Gaudentius (Radim)]], from [[Slavník's dynasty]]. ====Science and Technology==== * [[Islamic science|Scientific achievements]] in the [[Islamic Golden Age|Islamic civilization]] reach their zenith, with the emergence of the first [[experiment]]al [[scientist]]s and the [[scientific method]], which will form the basis of [[science|modern science]]. * [[Iraq]]i [[Muslim]] [[polymath]] and scientist, [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen), who is considered the father of [[optics]], the pioneer of the [[scientific method]], and the "first [[scientist]]", moves to [[Egypt]], where he invents the [[camera obscura]], and writes his influential ''[[Book of Optics]]'', which introduces the [[scientific method]], and drastically transforms the understanding of [[light]], [[optics]], [[visual perception|vision]], and [[science]] in general. * [[Persian people|Persian]] Muslim polymath and scientist, [[Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī|Abu Rayhan al-Biruni]], who is considered the father of [[geodesy]] and the "first [[anthropology|anthropologist]]", writes books on many different topics, and rejects many theories which cannot be verified through [[experiment]]ation. * Persian Muslim scientist and physician, [[Avicenna]], who is considered the father of [[medicine]], publishes ''[[The Canon of Medicine]]'', an influential book which maintains that medicine should be known through either [[experiment]]ation or [[reasoning]]. He also publishes ''[[The Book of Healing]]'', where he hypothesizes two causes of [[mountain]]s: "Either they are the effects of upheavals of the crust of the earth, or they are the effect of water, which, cutting itself a new route, has denuded the valleys." * [[Arab]] [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian]] [[Islamic medicine|Muslim physician]], [[Abu al-Qasim]] (Abulcasis), the "father of modern [[surgery]]", publishes his influential 30-volume medical encyclopedia, the ''[[Al-Tasrif]]'', which remains a standard textbook in the [[Islamic Golden Age|Islamic world]] and [[Middle Ages|medieval Europe]] for centuries. * Arab [[Egypt]]ian [[Islamic mathematics|Muslim mathematician]] and [[Islamic astronomy|astronomer]], [[Ibn Yunus]], publishes his astronomical treatise ''Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir'', and invents the [[pendulum]]. * Persian Muslim physicist and mathematician, [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī|Abu Sahl al-Quhi]] (Kuhi), hypothesizes that the [[weight|heaviness]] of bodies vary with their distance from the [[center of mass|center]] of the Earth, and solves [[equation]]s higher than the [[Quadratic equation|second degree]]. * Persian Muslim astronomer and mathematician, [[Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi]], invents the [[sextant (astronomical)|astronomical sextant]] and first states a special case of [[Fermat's last theorem]]. * The [[Bell (instrument)|Bell]] [[foundry]] is founded in [[Italy]] by Fonderia Pontificia Marinelli. * [[Gunpowder]] is invented in [[China]]. ====World Population==== * [[World population]]: 310,000,000. ==Births== * [[Adalbert, Duke of Lorraine]] (d. [[1048]]) * [[Qawam al-Daula]], ruler of [[Kerman]] (d. [[1028]]) * Ibn Rashiq, Arab rhetorician (d. [[1070]]?) ==Deaths== * [[September 9]] — [[Olaf I of Norway]] (killed at the [[Battle of Svold]]) (b. [[969]]) * [[Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi]], [[Islamic astronomy|Persian astronomer]] and [[Islamic mathematics|mathematician]] * [[Abū Sahl al-Qūhī|Abu Sahl al-Quhi]] (Kuhi), [[Islamic science|Persian physicist]], mathematician and astronomer * [[Ahmad ibn Fadlan]], [[Arab]] writer and traveller * [[Al-Muqaddasi]], Arab [[geographer]] and [[Social sciences|social scientist]] * [[Ælfthryth, Queen of England|Ælfthryth]], second or third wife of [[Edgar of England]] * [[Garcia IV of Pamplona]] * Tlilcoatzin, Toltec ruler (approximate date) * Topiltzin, Toltec ruler * [[David III of Tao]] (murdered by his nobles) * [[Huyan Zan]], Chinese general * [[Hrosvit]], Saxon nun ==See also== *[[Millenarianism]] *[[List of state leaders in 1000]] ==Further reading== * Robert Lacey and Danny Danziger ''The Year 1000: What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium'' (1999) ISBN 0-316-55840-0 * John Man ''Atlas of the Year 1000'' (1999) ISBN 0-14-051419-8 == References == {{reflist}} == Other Websites == *[http://www.calendaryear.net/1000 1000 Calendar Year] [[Category:1000| ]] [[af:1000]] [[am:1000 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1000]] [[an:1000]] [[ast:1000]] [[az:1000]] [[bn:১০০০]] [[map-bms:1000]] [[be:1000]] [[be-x-old:1000]] [[bh:१०००]] [[bs:1000]] [[br:1000]] [[bg:1000]] [[ca:1000]] [[cv:1000]] [[cs:1000]] [[co:1000]] [[cy:1000]] [[da:1000]] [[de:1000]] [[et:1000]] [[el:1000]] [[es:1000]] [[eo:1000]] [[eu:1000]] [[fr:1000]] [[fy:1000]] [[fur:1000]] [[gv:1000]] [[gd:1000]] [[gl:1000]] [[ko:1000년]] [[hi:1000]] [[hr:1000.]] [[io:1000]] [[bpy:মারি ১০০০]] [[id:1000]] [[ia:1000]] [[is:1000]] [[it:1000]] [[he:1000]] [[jv:1000]] [[ka:1000]] [[csb:1000]] [[sw:1000]] [[ht:1000 (almanak jilyen)]] [[la:1000]] [[lb:1000]] [[lij:1000]] [[lmo:1000]] [[hu:1000]] [[mk:1000]] [[mi:1000]] [[mr:इ.स. १०००]] [[ms:1000]] [[nah:1000]] [[nl:1000]] [[new:१०००]] [[ja:1000年]] [[nap:1000]] [[no:1000]] [[nn:1000]] [[nrm:1000]] [[oc:1000]] [[uz:1000]] [[pi:१०००]] [[nds:1000]] [[pl:1000]] [[pt:1000]] [[ksh:Joohr 1000]] [[ro:1000]] [[qu:1000]] [[ru:1000 год]] [[sa:१०००]] [[sq:1000]] [[scn:1000]] [[simple:1000]] [[sk:1000]] [[sl:1000]] [[sr:1000]] [[su:1000]] [[fi:1000]] [[sv:1000]] [[tt:1000]] [[th:พ.ศ. 1543]] [[tr:1000]] [[uk:1000]] [[vec:1000]] [[vo:1000]] [[zh-yue:1000年]] [[zh:1000年]]