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{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''Years:'''</small><br> [[1249]] [[1250]] [[1251]] - 1252 - [[1253]] [[1254]] [[1255]]
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br> [[1220s]] [[1230s]] [[1240s]] - '''[[1250s]]''' - [[1260s]] [[1270s]] [[1280s]]
|-
| align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[12th century]] - '''[[13th century]]''' - [[14th century]]
|}
{{C13YearInTopic}}
==Events==
===Europe===
* [[May 15]] - [[Pope Innocent IV]] issues the [[papal bull]] ''[[Ad exstirpanda]]'', which authorizes the [[torture]] of [[heretics]] in the [[Medieval Inquisition]]. Torture quickly gains widespread usage across [[Catholicism|Catholic]] [[Europe]].
* The first European [[bezants|gold coins]] are minted in the [[Italy|Italian]] city of [[Florence]], and are known as [[Italian coin florin|florins]].
* The [[Poland|Polish]] [[Lubus Land|land of Lebus]] is incorporated into the German state of [[Brandenburg]], marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas ([[Neumark (region)|Neumark]]).
* The [[Sweden|Swedish]] city of [[Stockholm]] is founded by [[Birger Jarl]].
* The [[Lithuania]]n city of [[Klaipėda]] (''Memel'') is founded by the [[Teutonic Knights]].
* The town and monastery of [[Orval]] in [[Belgium]] burn to the ground; rebuilding takes 100 years.
* [[Thomas Aquinas]] travels to the [[University of Paris]] to begin his studies there for a [[masters degree]].
* In [[astronomy]], work begins on the recording of the [[Alfonsine tables]].
===Asia===
* The [[List of Japanese classic texts|classic Japanese text]] ''Jikkunsho'' is completed.
* The [[Chinese era name|Chinese era]] ''Chunyou'' ends.
* The [[Mongols]] take the westernmost province of the [[Song Dynasty]] empire.
==Births==
* [[March 25]] - [[Conradin]], Duke of Swabia (d. [[1268]])
* [[Safi Al-Din]], Persian Sufi leader
* [[Amadeus V of Savoy]] (d. [[1323]])
* [[Eleanor de Montfort]], princess of Wales (d. [[1282]])
==Deaths==
* [[March 6]] - [[Saint Rose of Viterbo]], Italian saint (b. [[1235]])
* [[May 30]] - King [[Ferdinand III of Castile]] and Leon
* [[June 29]] - King [[Abel of Denmark]] (b. [[1218]])
* [[November 26]] - [[Blanche of Castile]], queen of [[Louis VIII of France]] and regent of France (b. [[1188]])
* Queen [[Isabella of Armenia]]
* [[Sorghaghtani Beki]], Mongolian empress and regent
* [[Giovanni da Pian del Carpini]], Italian chronicler of the Mongol Empire
* [[Theobald IV of Champagne]] (b. [[1201]])
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