1268
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2008-06-29T03:07:52Z
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robot Adding: [[vo:1268]]
{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''Years:'''</small><br> [[1265]] [[1266]] [[1267]] - 1268 - [[1269]] [[1270]] [[1271]]
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br> [[1230s]] [[1240s]] [[1250s]] - '''[[1260s]]''' - [[1270s]] [[1280s]] [[1290s]]
|-
| align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[12th century]] - '''[[13th century]]''' - [[14th century]]
|}
{{C13YearInTopic}}
[[Image:CodexManesseFol007rConradin.jpg|thumb|250px|Conradin (right) is executed by Charles I of Sicily, thus extinguishing the Hohenstaufen dynasty, in 1268.]]
==Events==
===Europe===
====War and politics====
* [[February 18]] - [[Battle of Rakovor]]: The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] are defeated by [[Dovmont]] of [[Pskov]].
* [[October 29]] - [[Conradin]], the last legitimate male heir of the [[Hohenstaufen]] dynasty of [[List of German Kings and Emperors|Kings of Germany]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s, is executed along with his companion [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] by [[Charles I of Sicily]], a political rival and ally to the hostile [[Roman Catholic church]].
* King [[Stephen V of Hungary]] launches a war against [[Bulgaria]].
* The county of [[Wernigerode]] becomes a vassal state of the [[margrave]] of [[Brandenburg]].
* The [[House of Bourbon]] first rises to prominence with the marriage of [[Robert, Count of Clermont]] to King [[Louis IX of France]]'s daughter, [[Beatrice of Burgundy]], heiress to the lordship of Bourbon.
* [[Doges of Venice#Choosing of the Doge|New election procedures]] for the election of the [[doge of Venice|doge]] are established in [[Venice]] in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families.
* [[Pope Clement IV]] dies; the following [[papal election]] fails to choose a new [[pope]] for almost 3 years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures.
====Culture====
* [[Nicola Pisano]] completes the famous [[octagon]]al [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-style [[pulpit]] at the [[Duomo di Siena]].
* The [[carnival]] in [[Venice]] is first recorded.
* In [[France]], the use of [[hops]] as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of [[beer]] is made compulsory.
* In [[Slovakia]], Guta is founded (currently [[Kolárovo]]).
===Asia===
* [[May 18]] - The [[Principality of Antioch]], a [[crusader states|crusader state]], falls to the [[Mamluk]] Sultan [[Baibars]] in the [[Capture of Antioch|Battle of Antioch]]; Baibars' destruction of the city of [[Antioch]] is so great as to permanently negate the city's importance.
* The [[Battle of Xiangyang]], a 6-year battle between the [[China|Chinese]] [[Song Dynasty]] and the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] forces of [[Kublai Khan]], begins in what is today [[Hubei]].
* [[Kublai Khan]] sends an emissary to the [[Kamakura Shogunate]] of [[Japan]] demanding an acknowledgment of suzerainty and payment of [[tribute]]; the Japanese refuse, starting a diplomatic back-and-forth lasting until the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] attempt to invade in [[1274]].
* An [[earthquake]] in [[Cilicia]] kills an estimated 60,000 people.
*The [[Tibet]]an monk [[Drogön Chögyal Phagpa]] of the [[Sakya]] school completes the [[Phagspa script]], which was sponsored by [[Kublai Khan]] as a new writing system in [[Mongol Empire|his empire]].
==Births==
* [[Saint Clare of Montefalco]] (d. [[1308]])
* [[Emperor Duanzong]] of China (d. [[1278]])
* [[Mahaut of Artois]] (d. [[1327]])
* [[Philip IV of France]] (d. [[1314]])
==Deaths==
* [[August 18]] - [[Saint Clare of Montefalco]] (b. [[1268]])
* [[October 29]] - [[Conradin]], Duke of Swabia (executed) (b. [[1252]])
* [[October 29]] - [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] (executed) (b. [[1249]])
* [[November 29]] - [[Pope Clement IV]]
* [[December 9]] - [[Vaisvilkas]], Prince of Black Ruthenia
* [[Barral of Baux]], Grand Justiciar of Sicily
* [[Henry de Bracton]], English jurist
* [[Peter II of Savoy]] (b. [[1203]])
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