1268 42503 222393561 2008-06-29T03:07:52Z VolkovBot 3035831 robot Adding: [[vo:1268]] {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;" |- | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''Years:'''</small><br> [[1265]] [[1266]] [[1267]] - 1268 - [[1269]] [[1270]] [[1271]] |- | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br> [[1230s]] [[1240s]] [[1250s]] - '''[[1260s]]''' - [[1270s]] [[1280s]] [[1290s]] |- | align="center" | <small>'''[[Centuries]]:'''</small> <br> [[12th century]] - '''[[13th century]]''' - [[14th century]] |} {{C13YearInTopic}} [[Image:CodexManesseFol007rConradin.jpg|thumb|250px|Conradin (right) is executed by Charles I of Sicily, thus extinguishing the Hohenstaufen dynasty, in 1268.]] ==Events== ===Europe=== ====War and politics==== * [[February 18]] - [[Battle of Rakovor]]: The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] are defeated by [[Dovmont]] of [[Pskov]]. * [[October 29]] - [[Conradin]], the last legitimate male heir of the [[Hohenstaufen]] dynasty of [[List of German Kings and Emperors|Kings of Germany]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s, is executed along with his companion [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] by [[Charles I of Sicily]], a political rival and ally to the hostile [[Roman Catholic church]]. * King [[Stephen V of Hungary]] launches a war against [[Bulgaria]]. * The county of [[Wernigerode]] becomes a vassal state of the [[margrave]] of [[Brandenburg]]. * The [[House of Bourbon]] first rises to prominence with the marriage of [[Robert, Count of Clermont]] to King [[Louis IX of France]]'s daughter, [[Beatrice of Burgundy]], heiress to the lordship of Bourbon. * [[Doges of Venice#Choosing of the Doge|New election procedures]] for the election of the [[doge of Venice|doge]] are established in [[Venice]] in order to reduce the influence of powerful individual families. * [[Pope Clement IV]] dies; the following [[papal election]] fails to choose a new [[pope]] for almost 3 years, precipitating the later creation of stringent rules governing the electoral procedures. ====Culture==== * [[Nicola Pisano]] completes the famous [[octagon]]al [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-style [[pulpit]] at the [[Duomo di Siena]]. * The [[carnival]] in [[Venice]] is first recorded. * In [[France]], the use of [[hops]] as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of [[beer]] is made compulsory. * In [[Slovakia]], Guta is founded (currently [[Kolárovo]]). ===Asia=== * [[May 18]] - The [[Principality of Antioch]], a [[crusader states|crusader state]], falls to the [[Mamluk]] Sultan [[Baibars]] in the [[Capture of Antioch|Battle of Antioch]]; Baibars' destruction of the city of [[Antioch]] is so great as to permanently negate the city's importance. * The [[Battle of Xiangyang]], a 6-year battle between the [[China|Chinese]] [[Song Dynasty]] and the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] forces of [[Kublai Khan]], begins in what is today [[Hubei]]. * [[Kublai Khan]] sends an emissary to the [[Kamakura Shogunate]] of [[Japan]] demanding an acknowledgment of suzerainty and payment of [[tribute]]; the Japanese refuse, starting a diplomatic back-and-forth lasting until the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] attempt to invade in [[1274]]. * An [[earthquake]] in [[Cilicia]] kills an estimated 60,000 people. *The [[Tibet]]an monk [[Drogön Chögyal Phagpa]] of the [[Sakya]] school completes the [[Phagspa script]], which was sponsored by [[Kublai Khan]] as a new writing system in [[Mongol Empire|his empire]]. ==Births== * [[Saint Clare of Montefalco]] (d. [[1308]]) * [[Emperor Duanzong]] of China (d. [[1278]]) * [[Mahaut of Artois]] (d. [[1327]]) * [[Philip IV of France]] (d. [[1314]]) ==Deaths== * [[August 18]] - [[Saint Clare of Montefalco]] (b. [[1268]]) * [[October 29]] - [[Conradin]], Duke of Swabia (executed) (b. [[1252]]) * [[October 29]] - [[Frederick I, Margrave of Baden]] (executed) (b. [[1249]]) * [[November 29]] - [[Pope Clement IV]] * [[December 9]] - [[Vaisvilkas]], Prince of Black Ruthenia * [[Barral of Baux]], Grand Justiciar of Sicily * [[Henry de Bracton]], English jurist * [[Peter II of Savoy]] (b. 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