15th century
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Pink!Teen|Pink!Teen]] ([[User talk:Pink!Teen|talk]]) to last version by Modernist
{{Centurybox}}
[[Image:Columbus Taking Possession.jpg|thumb|300px|[[1492]], [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] opens the route to the [[Americas|New World]] for [[Spain]]. Beginning of the [[Modern Age]].]]
As a means of recording the passage of [[time]], the '''15th century''' was the [[century]] which lasted from [[1401]] to [[1500]].
==Events==
* [[1403]]: The Settle of the [[Canary Islands]] signals the beginning of the [[Spanish Empire]].
* [[1402]]: [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Timurid Empire]]s fight at the [[Battle of Ankara]] resulting in Timur's capture of [[Bayezid I]].
* [[1402]]: [[Sultanate of Malacca]] founded by [[Parameswara (sultan)|Parameshwara]].
* [[1403]]: The [[Yongle Emperor]] moves the capital of China from [[Nanjing]] to [[Beijing]].
* [[1405]]–[[1433|33]]: [[Zheng He]] of China sails through the [[Indian Ocean]] to India, Arabia, and East Africa.
* [[1410]]: The [[Battle of Grunwald]] was the decisive battle of the [[Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411)|Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War]] leading to the downfall of the [[Teutonic Knights]].
* [[1410]]–[[1413|13]]: Foundation of [[St Andrews University]] in [[Scotland]]
* [[1415]]: [[Henry the Navigator]] leads the [[Battle of Ceuta|conquest of Ceuta]] from the [[Moors]] marking the beginning of the [[Portuguese Empire]].
*[[1415]]: [[Battle of Agincourt]] fought between the [[Kingdom of England]] and [[France]]
*[[1415]]: [[Jan Hus]] is burned at the stake as a heretic at the [[Council of Constance]].
* [[1420]]: Construction of the Chinese [[Forbidden City]] is completed in Beijing.
* [[1420]]–[[1434|34]]: [[Hussite Wars]] in [[Bohemia]]
[[Image:joan of arc miniature graded.jpg|thumb|right|200px| [[Joan of Arc]], a [[French people|French]] peasant girl, directly influenced the result of the [[Hundred Years' War]].]]
* [[1424]]: [[James I of Scotland|James I]] returns to [[Scotland]] after being held hostage under three [[Kings of England]] since [[1406]]
* [[1429]]: [[Joan of Arc]] ends the [[Siege of Orléans]] and turns the tide of the [[Hundred Years' War]].
* [[1438]]: [[Pachacuti]] founds the [[Inca Empire]].
* [[1440s]]: The [[Golden Horde]] breaks up into the [[Siberia Khanate]], the [[Khanate of Kazan]], the [[Astrakhan Khanate]], the [[Crimean Khanate]], and the [[Great Horde]].
* [[1440]]–[[1469|69]]: Under [[Moctezuma I]], the [[Aztec]]s become the dominant power in [[Mesoamerica]].
* [[1441]]: Portuguese navigators cruise [[West Africa]] and reestablish the [[Atlantic Slave Trade|European slave trade]] with a shipment of [[African slave trade|African slaves]] sent directly from [[Africa]] to [[Portugal]].
* [[1441]]: [[Eton College]] founded by Henry IV.
* [[1444]]: The [[Albania|Albanian league]] is established in Lezha, [[Skanderbeg]] is elected leader
* [[1444]]: [[Ottoman Empire]] under [[Sultan]] [[Murad II]] defeats the [[Poland|Polish]] and [[Hungary|Hungarian]] armies under [[Władysław III of Poland]] and [[John Hunyadi|János Hunyadi]] at the [[Battle of Varna]].
* [[1445]]: [[Kazan Khanate]] defeats [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]] at the [[Battle of Suzdal]]
* [[1446]]: [[Sejong the Great of Joseon|King Sejong the Great]] published a [[hangul]], the native phonetic alphabet system for the [[Korean language]].
* [[1449]]: [[Esen Tayisi]] leads an [[Oirats|Oirat Mongol]] invasion of China which culminate in the capture of the [[Zhengtong Emperor]] at [[Battle of Tumu Fortress]].
* [[1453]]: The [[Fall of Constantinople]] marks the end of the [[Byzantine Empire]] and the beginning of the [[Growth of the Ottoman Empire]].
* [[1453]]: The [[Battle of Castillon]] is the last engagement of the [[Hundred Years' War]].
* [[1454]]–[[1466|66]]: After defeating the Teutonic Knights in the [[Thirteen Years' War]], Poland annexes [[Royal Prussia]].
* [[1455]]–[[1485|85]]: [[Wars of the Roses]] - English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.
[[Image:Richard III of England.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Richard III of England]]]]
* [[1456]]: The [[Siege of Belgrade]] halts the Ottoman's advance into Europe.
* [[1462]]: [[Sonni Ali|Sonni Ali Ber]], the ruler of the [[Songhai Empire|Songhai (or Songhay) Empire]], along the [[Niger River]], conquered [[Mali Empire|Mali]] in the central [[Sudan]] by defeating the [[Tuareg]] contingent at [[Timbuktu|Tombouctou]] (or [[Timbuktu]]) and capturing the city. He developed both his own capital, [[Gao]], and the main centres of Mali, Timbuktu and [[Djenné]], into major cities. Ali Ber controlled trade along the Niger River with a navy of war vessels.
* [[1462]]: [[Mehmed the Conqueror]] is driven back by [[Wallachian]] prince [[Vlad III Dracula]] at the [[Night Attack]].
* [[1467]]: [[Uzun Hasan]] defeats the [[Kara Koyunlu|Black Sheep Turkoman]] leader [[Jahan Shah|Jahān Shāh]].
* [[1467]]–[[1615]]: The [[Sengoku period]] is one of civil war in Japan.
[[Image:SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg|thumb|right|200px| The 1480 [[Siege of Rhodes (1480)|Siege of Rhodes]]. Ships of the [[Hospitaliers]] in the forefront, and Turkish camp in the background.]]
* [[1469]]: The marriage of [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella of Castile]] leads to the unification of [[Spain]].
* [[1469]]: Birth of [[Guru Nanak Dev]]. Beside followers of [[Sikhism]], Guru Nanak is revered by [[Hindus]] and [[Muslim Sufis]] across the [[Indian subcontinent]].
* [[1471]]: The kingdom of [[Champa]] suffers a massive defeat by the Vietnamese king [[Lê Thánh Tông]].
* [[1474]]–[[1477|77]]: [[Burgundy Wars]] of France, [[Switzerland]], [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]] and [[Sigismund, Archduke of Austria|Sigismund II of Habsburg]] against the [[Charles the Bold]], [[Burgundy|Duke of Burgundy]].
* [[1478]]: [[Muscovy]] conquers [[Novgorod]].
* [[1480]]: After the [[Great standing on the Ugra river]], Muscovy gained independence from the Great Horde.
* [[1481]]: [[Spanish Inquisition]] begins in practise with the first [[auto de fe]].
* [[1485]]: [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] defeats [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] at the [[Battle of Bosworth]] and becomes King of England
* [[1492]]: The death of Sunni Ali Ber left a leadership void in the Songhai Empire, and his son was soon dethroned by [[Askia Muhammad|Mamadou Toure]] who ascended the throne in 1492 under the name Askia (meaning "general") Muhammad. Askia Muhammad made Songhai the largest empire in the history of West Africa. The empire went into decline, however, after 1528, when the now-blind Askia Muhammad was dethroned by his son, [[Askia Musa]].
* [[1492]]: [[Boabdil]]'s surrender of [[Granada]] marks the end of the [[Reconquista]] and [[Al-Andalus]].
* [[1492]]: [[Jews]] expelled from [[Spain]].
* [[1492]]: [[Christopher Columbus]] founds Spain's first [[New World]] colony on [[Hispaniola]].
* [[1494]]: Spain and Portugal sign the [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves.
* [[1494]]–[[1559]]: The [[Italian Wars]] lead to the downfall of the [[Italian city-states]].
* [[1497]]–[[1499]]: [[Vasco da Gama]]'s first voyage from [[Europe]] to [[India]] and back.
* [[1499]]: [[Ottoman Navy|Ottoman fleet]] defeats [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] at the [[Battle of Zonchio]].
==Significant people==
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[[Image:sejong.jpg|thumb|right|200px|{{speedy-image-c|[[2006-08-31]]}} [[King Sejong the Great]], developer of [[hangul]].]] -->
*[[Abu Sa'id al-Afif]], a [[Samaritan]] physician.
[[Image:Isabel la Católica-2.jpg|thumb|[[Isabella of Castile]] helped unify [[Spain]] via a dynastic marriage with [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand of Aragon]] in 1469.]]
*[[Afonso de Albuquerque]] ([[1453]] - [[1515]]) was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] nobleman, naval general officer whose military and administrative activities conquered and established the [[Portuguese empire|Portuguese colonial empire]] in the [[Indian ocean]]. Generally considered as a world conquest military genius by means of his successful strategy.
* [[Constantine XI]], Last [[Byzantine Emperor]] ([[1404]]–[[1453]]).
* [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary]], Renaissance ruler ([[1443]]–[[1490]]).
* [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], co-ruler of Spain with Isabella of Castile and responsible with her for the unification of Spain ([[1452]]–[[1516]]).
* [[Johannes Gutenberg]], European inventor of printing with movable type (c.[[1398]]–[[1468]])
[[Image:Henry the Navigator1.jpg|thumb|[[Henry the Navigator]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
''[[infante]]'' and [[Portugal in the Age of Discovery|patron of the Portuguese exploration]]]]
* [[Henry the Navigator]] Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu ([[1394]] – [[1460]]); ''[[infante]]'' ([[prince]]) of the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[House of Aviz]] and an important figure in the early days of the [[Portuguese Empire]], being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations.
* [[Henry V of England]], the English King who won the famous [[Battle of Agincourt]] in [[1415]] ([[1387]]–[[1422]]).
[[Image:Henry Seven England.jpg|thumb|[[Henry VII of England|King Henry VII]], (1457 - 1509), the founder of the royal house of [[Tudor]]]]
[[Image:princes.jpg|thumb|Sir [[John Everett Millais]], ''The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, [[1483]],'' [[Royal Holloway]] collection, 1878]]
* [[Henry VII of England]], English King and founder the [[Tudor dynasty]] ([[1457]]–[[1509]]).
*The [[Princes in the Tower]], [[Edward V of England]] ([[1470]] – 1483?) and his brother, [[Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York]] ([[1473]] – 1483?), two sons of [[Edward IV of England]] and [[Elizabeth Woodville]].
* [[John Hunyadi]], Regent of [[Kingdom of Hungary]], won the [[Siege of Belgrade]] in [[1456]] ([[1387]]–[[1456]])
* [[Jan Hus]], Bohemian religious thinker and reformer (c. [[1369]]–[[1415]]).
* [[Isabella of Castile]], co-ruler of Spain with Ferdinand II of Aragon and responsible for the unification of Spain and the discovery of the [[New World]] ([[1451]]–[[1504]]).
* [[Joan of Arc]], national [[hero]]ine of France ([[1412]]–[[1431]]).
* Gjergj Kastrioti, [[Skenderbeg]] - Albanian Prince who resisted the Ottomans for almost 30 years in the name of the Albanian people and Catholic faith ([[1443]]–[[1468]]).
* [[Kazimierz IV Jagiellon]] King of [[Poland]] and Grand Duke of [[Lithuania]] ([[1427]]–[[1492]]).
* [[Louis XI]], King of France ([[1423]]–[[1483]]).
* [[Mehmed II]], Sultan of the [[Ottoman Empire]] and Conqueror of [[Constantinople]] ([[1432]]–[[1481]]).
* [[Guru Nanak]], founder of the [[Sikh]] Religion ([[1469]] ).
* [[Sejong the Great of Joseon]], a Korean monarch who developed [[hangul]], the native Korean alphabet ([[1397]]–[[1450]]).
*[[Stephen III of Moldavia]], also known as Stephen the Great, ruler of Moldavia, national hero of [[Romanians]] for long resistance to the Ottomans ([[1437]]–[[1504]])
* [[Richard III of England]], last English King of the [[House of York]], last of the [[House of Plantagenet]] ([[1452]]–[[1485]]).
* [[Mir Chakar Khan Rind]] ([[1468]]–[[1565]]), a [[Baloch]] king.
[[Image:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|An [[African]] [[giraffe]] being led into a [[Ming Dynasty]] [[zoo]], a [[Chinese painting]] by She Du, 1414 AD, during the reign of the [[Yongle Emperor]].]]
*[[Vlad III Dracula]], [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Prince of Wallachia]] who led the defense of his territory against the expanding [[Ottoman Empire]] ([[1431]]–[[1476]]).
===Visual artists, architects, sculptors, printmakers, illustrators===
{{see also|Thematic development of Italian Renaissance painting|Italian Renaissance painting|Renaissance sculpture|Renaissance painting|}}
*[[Bartolomé Bermejo]] (c. [[1440]] - [[1498]]), [[Spain|Spanish]] painter who adopted [[Netherlands|Dutch]] painting techniques and conventions.
*[[Hieronymus Bosch]] (c. [[1450]] – [[1516]]), [[Early Netherlandish painting|Early Netherlandish]] [[painter]]. Many of his works depict sin and human moral failings.
*[[Dirk Bouts]] (c. [[1410]]/[[1420]] - [[1475]]), [[Early Netherlandish painter]].
* [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] ([[1377]]–[[1446]]), invents one-point perspective, leads innovation in Italian architecture.
*[[Robert Campin]] (c. [[1375]] – [[1444]]), the ''Master of Flémalle,'' first great master of [[Early Netherlandish painting]].
*[[Petrus Christus]] (c. [[1410]]/[[1420]] – [[1475]]/[[1476]]), [[Early Netherlandish painting|Early Netherlandish]] [[painter]].
*[[Gerard David]] (c. [[1460]] – [[1523]]), [[Early Netherlandish painter]] and [[manuscript illuminator]] known for his brilliant use of color.
*[[Albrecht Dürer]] ([[1471]] – [[1528]])<ref>Mueller, Peter O. (1993) ''Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Durers'', Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012815-2.</ref> was a [[Germans|German]] [[painter]], [[printmaker]] and [[theorist]] from [[Nuremberg]], Germany.
*[[Barthélemy d'Eyck]]<ref> also sometimes in contemporary documents Barthélemy de Cler, der Clers, Deick d'Ecle, d'Eilz - Harthan, John, ''The Book of Hours'',p.93, 1977, Thomas Y Crowell Company, New York, ISBN 0690016549</ref> ; (ca.[[1420]]–after [[1470]])<ref>{{Cite book| first=Franz| last=Unterkircher| title=King René's Book of Love (Le Cueur d'Amours Espris)| year=1980| location= New York | publisher= G. Braziller|isbn=0-8076-0989-7}}</ref> was an [[Early Netherlandish art]]ist who worked in [[France]] and probably in [[Burgundy]] [[Early Netherlandish painter]] and [[manuscript illuminator]]. He was active between about [[1440]] to about [[1469]].<ref>Tolley</ref>
*[[Hubert van Eyck]] (c. [[1366]]–[[1426]]), [[Flemings|Flemish]] [[painter]] and older brother of [[Jan van Eyck]].
*[[Jan van Eyck]] (before c. [[1395]] – before [[1441]]), [[Early Netherlandish painting|Early Netherlandish painter]], considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th century.
*[[Juan de Flandes]] ([[1460]]-[[1519]]), [[Early Netherlandish painter]] who was active in [[Spain]] from 1496 to 1519 at the court of [[Isabella of Castile]].
*[[Jean Fouquet]] ([[1420]] - [[1481]]) [[France|French]] [[painter]] of both panel painting and [[Illuminated manuscript|manuscript illumination]], inventor of the [[portrait miniature]].
*[[Nicolas Froment]] (c. [[1435]] – c. [[1486]]), [[France|French]] [[painter]].
*[[Hugo van der Goes]] (?c. [[1440]] – [[1482]] or [[1483]]), [[Early Netherlandish Painting|Early Netherlandish painter]].
*[[Jean Hey]] (ca. [[1475]] – ca. [[1505]]),<ref>Brigstocke, 2001, p. 338</ref> now generally identified with the artist formerly known as the ''Master of Moulins,'' [[Early Netherlandish painter]].
*[[Hans Holbein the Elder]] (c. [[1460]] – [[1524]]), [[Germany|German]] [[painter]], [[woodcut]] artist, illustrator of books and church window designer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07385a.htm|title=Hans Holbein|work=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]] |accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref>He and his brother Sigismund Holbein painted religious works in the late [[Gothic art|Gothic]] style.
*[[Limbourg brothers]], (Herman, Paul, and Johan; [[1385]] – [[1416]]), Dutch Renaissance [[miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniature]] painters from the city of [[Nijmegen]].
*[[Simon Marmion]] (c. [[1425]] - [[1489]]) [[France|French]], or Burgundian, [[painter]] of panels and [[illuminated manuscript]]s.
*[[Hans Memling]] (c. [[1430]] – [[1494]]), [[Early Netherlandish painting|Early Netherlandish painter]], born in [[Germany]].
*[[Enguerrand Quarton]] (c. [[1410]] - c. [[1466]]) was a [[France|French]] [[painting|painter]] and [[illuminated manuscript|manuscript illuminator]].
*[[Leonardo da Vinci]], ([[1452]]–[[1519]]), [[Italy|Italian]] [[polymath]], [[scientist]], [[mathematician]], [[engineer]], [[inventor]], [[anatomist]], [[painter]], [[sculptor]], [[architect]], [[botanist]], [[musician]] and [[writer]].
*[[Rogier van der Weyden]] ([[1399]]/[[1400]] – [[1464]]), considered one of the greatest exponents of [[Early Netherlandish painting]].
See links above for [[Italian Renaissance painting]] and [[Renaissance sculpture]].
===Literature===
{{see also|15th century in literature|Renaissance literature|}}
*[[Leon Battista Alberti]] ([[1404]] – [[1472]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] author, artist, [[architect]], [[poet]], [[linguistics|linguist]], [[philosopher]], and [[cryptography|cryptographer]], and general [[Renaissance humanist]] [[polymath]].
*[[Joseph Albo]] ([[Hebrew]]: '''יוסף אלבו''') (c. [[1380]] – [[1444]]) was a [[Jew|Jewish]] [[philosophy|philosopher]] and [[rabbi]] who lived in [[Spain]]. The author of ''[[Sefer ha-Ikkarim]]'' ("Book of Principles"), the classic work on the [[Jewish principles of faith|fundamentals of Judaism]].
*[[Marsilio Ficino]], Significant translator of [[Plato]]'s works ([[1433]]–[[1481]]).
*[[John Lydgate]] (c. [[1370]] – c. [[1451]])<ref name="platt">{{cite book |last=Platt |first=Colin |title=King Death: The Black Death and its aftermath in late-medieval England |year=1996 |publisher=UCL Press Limited |location=London |isbn=1-85728-313-9 }}</ref> was a [[monk]] and [[poet]], born in Lidgate, [[Suffolk]], [[England]].
*Sir [[Thomas Malory]] (c. [[1405]] – [[March 14]], [[1471]]) was an [[England|English]] writer, the author or compiler of ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]].''
*Count [[Giovanni Pico della Mirandola]] ([[1463]] - [[1494]]), Italian [[Renaissance]] [[philosopher]].<ref>"Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, Conte" in Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, volume 15, copyright 1991. Grolier Inc., ISBN 0-7172-5300-7</ref> He is famed for the events of [[1486]], when at the age of twenty-three, he wrote the famous ''Oration on the Dignity of Man'' which has been called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance",<ref>''Oration on the Dignity of Man'' (1486) http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_1/pico.html</ref> and a key text of [[Renaissance humanism]].
*[[Thomas Occleve]] (c. [[1368]] – [[1426]]), [[England|English]] [[poet]].
*[[Reginald Pecock]] (c. [[1395]] - [[1460]]), was an English prelate and writer.
*[[Christine de Pizan]], French writer ([[1364]]–[[1430]]).
* [[François Villon]], French poet (c. [[1431]]–[[1474]]).
===Musicians and Composers===
[[Image:DufayBinchois.jpg|thumb|[[Gilles Binchois]] (right), with [[Guillaume Dufay]]]]
{{see also|List of Renaissance composers|Franco-Flemish School|Burgundian School|Renaissance music|Medieval music}}
*[[Adrien Basin]] (c. [[1457]] – [[1476]]; died after [[1498]]), [[Dutch School (music)|Franco-Flemish]] composer, singer, and diplomat of the [[Burgundian school]] of the early [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]].
*[[Gilles Binchois]], (c. [[1400]] – [[1460]]), [[Franco-Flemish School|Franco-Flemish]] composer, one of the earliest members of the [[Burgundian School]].
*[[Antoine Busnois]] (c. [[1430]] – [[1492]]), [[France|French]] [[composer]] and [[poet]] of the early [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] [[Burgundian School]].
*[[Guillaume Dufay]], (c. [[1397]] – [[1474]]), [[Franco-Flemish school|Franco-Flemish]] composer and [[music theory|music theorist]].
*[[John Dunstaple]] (c. [[1390]] – [[1453]]), [[England|English]] composer of [[polyphony|polyphonic]] [[music]].
*[[Hayne van Ghizeghem]] (c. [[1445]] – [[1472]] or possibly later; New Grove says he died between 1472 and [[1497]]), [[Flanders|Flemish]] composer of the early [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] [[Burgundian School]].
*[[Nicolas Grenon]] (c. [[1375]] – [[1456]]), [[France|French]] composer of the early [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]].
*[[Robert Morton]] (c.[[1430]] – [[1479]]), [[England|English]] [[composer]] of the early [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]].
*[[Johannes Ockeghem]], (ca. [[1410]]–[[1497]]), Flemish composer.
*[[Leonel Power]] (c. [[1370]] to [[1385]] – [[1445]]), [[England|English]] composer of the late [[Medieval music|Medieval]] and early [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] eras.
*[[Johannes Tapissier]] (c.[[1370]] – [[1408]] to [[1410]]), French composer and teacher of the late [[Medieval music|Middle Ages]].
*[[Jacobus Vide]] (c. [[1405]] – [[1433]]), [[Dutch School (music)|Franco-Flemish]] composer of the transitional period between the [[Medieval music|medieval]] period and early [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]].
===Exploration===
{{see also|Exploration|Exploration of Asia|List of explorers}}
*[[Diogo de Azambuja]] ([[1432]]-[[1518]]) [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer of the [[African]] coast.
*[[John Cabot]] (c. 1450 - 1499) - [[Italian people|Italian]] explorer for [[England]]. Discovered [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] and claimed it for the [[Kingdom of England]].
*[[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] (c. 1467 – about 1520), [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[navigator]] and [[List of explorers|explorer]].
*[[Pêro Vaz de Caminha]] (c.[[1450]] - [[1500]]), [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer that accompanied [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] in the discovery of [[Brazil]].
*[[Christopher Columbus]] (1451 - 1506) - [[Italian people|Italian]] explorer for [[Spain]]. Sailed in 1492 and discovered the "[[New World]]" of the Americas.
*[[Niccolò Da Conti]] ([[1395]]–[[1469]]), [[Venice|Venetian]] merchant and explorer, born in [[Chioggia]], who traveled to [[India]] and [[Southeast Asia]].
*[[Bartolomeu Dias]] (c. 1450 - 1500) - [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] explorer. He sailed from Portugal and reached the [[Cape of Good Hope]].
*[[Vasco da Gama]] reaches India for [[Portugal]], creating the first maritime alternative for the [[Silk Road]] (c. [[1469]]–[[1524]]
*[[Zheng He]], Chinese eunuch admiral and explorer ([[1371]]–[[1433]]).
*[[João Fernandes Lavrador]] (1445? - 1501) - [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] explorer. First European reaching [[Newfoundland and Labrador]].
*[[João da Nova]] (c. [[1460]] - [[1509]], [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[List of explorers|explorer]] of the [[Atlantic]] and [[Indian Ocean]].
*[[Amerigo Vespucci]] (c. 1454 - 1512) - [[Italian people|Italian]] explorer for [[Spain]]. Sailed in 1499 and 1502. He explored the east coast of [[South America]].
===Science, invention and philosophy===
{{see also|Scientific Revolution|History of science in the Renaissance}}
*[[Johannes Gutenberg]] ({{circa}} [[1400]] – [[1468]]) was a [[Holy Roman Empire|German]] [[goldsmith]] and [[printer (publisher)|printer]] who is credited with inventing [[movable type]] [[printing]] in [[Europe]] around 1439, and [[printing press|mechanical printing]] globally.
*[[Georg von Peuerbach]] ([[1423]] - [[1461]]) was a [[Germans|German]]/[[Austria]]n [[astronomer]] and [[mathematician]].
==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
[[Timeline of invention#15th century|List of 15th century inventions]]
* [[Renaissance]] affects [[philosophy]], [[History of Science and Technology|science]] and [[art]].
* [[Age of Discovery]] begins.
* Rise of [[Modern English]] language from [[Middle English]].
* Introduction of the [[noon bell]] in the [[Catholic]] world.
* Public [[History of banking|banks]]
* [[Yongle Encyclopedia]]—over 22,000 volumes
* [[Hangul]] alphabet in [[Korea]]
* [[Scotch whisky]]
* [[Psychiatric hospital]]s
* Development of the [[woodcut]] for printing between 1400–1450
* [[Movable type]] first used by King [[Taejong of Joseon]]—1403 (Movable type, which allowed individual characters to be arranged to form words, was invented in China by [[Bi Sheng]] between 1041 to 1048.)
* Although pioneered earlier in Korea and by the Chinese official [[Wang Zhen (official)|Wang Zhen]] (with [[tin]]), [[bronze]] metal [[movable type]] [[printing]] is created in China by [[Hua Sui]] in 1490.
*[[Johannes Gutenberg]] invents the [[printing press]] in Europe (c. 1455).
* [[Linear perspective]] drawing perfected by [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] 1410–1415
* Invention of the [[harpsichord]] c. 1450
* Discovery of the [[Americas|Americas]] by [[Christopher Columbus]] 1492
* First [[pound lock]] in Europe reportedly built in Vreeswijk, Netherlands in 1481
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
{{cite encyclopedia|title=Eyck, Barthélemy d'| last=Tolley| first=Thomas| encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to Western Art| editor=Hugh Brigstocke| location=Oxford| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=2001| id=ISBN 0-19-866203-3}}
==Decades and years==
{{DecadesAndYears}}
{{Centuries}}
[[Category:2nd millennium]]
[[Category:15th century| ]]
[[Category:Centuries]]
[[af:15de eeu]]
[[als:15. Jahrhundert]]
[[ar:قرن 15]]
[[an:Sieglo XV]]
[[ast:Sieglu XV]]
[[az:XV əsr]]
[[be:15 стагоддзе]]
[[be-x-old:15 стагодзьдзе]]
[[bs:15. vijek]]
[[br:XVvet kantved]]
[[bg:15 век]]
[[ca:Segle XV]]
[[cv:XV ĕмĕр]]
[[cs:15. století]]
[[cy:15fed ganrif]]
[[da:15. århundrede]]
[[de:15. Jahrhundert]]
[[et:15. sajand]]
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[[es:Siglo XV]]
[[eo:15-a jarcento]]
[[eu:XV. mendea]]
[[fa:سده ۱۵ (میلادی)]]
[[fr:XVe siècle]]
[[fy:15e ieu]]
[[ga:15ú haois]]
[[gv:15oo eash]]
[[gd:15mh Linn]]
[[gl:Século XV]]
[[ko:15세기]]
[[hy:15-րդ դար]]
[[hr:15. stoljeće]]
[[io:15ma yar-cento]]
[[id:Abad ke-15]]
[[os:XV æнус]]
[[is:15. öldin]]
[[it:XV secolo]]
[[he:המאה ה-15]]
[[jv:Abad kaping 15]]
[[ka:XV საუკუნე]]
[[kk:15 ғ.]]
[[kw:15ves kansblydhen]]
[[ku:Sedsala 15'an]]
[[la:Saeculum 15]]
[[lv:15. gadsimts]]
[[lb:15. Joerhonnert]]
[[lt:XV amžius]]
[[lij:XV secolo]]
[[li:Vieftiende iew]]
[[jbo:15moi na'acto]]
[[hu:15. század]]
[[mk:15 век]]
[[mi:Rautau 15]]
[[mr:इ.स.चे १५ वे शतक]]
[[ms:Abad ke-15]]
[[nl:15e eeuw]]
[[nds-nl:15e eeuw]]
[[ja:15世紀]]
[[no:15. århundre]]
[[nn:1400-talet]]
[[nrm:XVe s.]]
[[uz:XV asr]]
[[nds:15. Johrhunnert]]
[[pl:XV wiek]]
[[pt:Século XV]]
[[ksh:15. Joohunndot]]
[[ro:Secolul al XV-lea]]
[[ru:XV век]]
[[stq:15. Jierhunnert]]
[[sq:Shekulli XV]]
[[scn:Sèculu XV]]
[[simple:15th century]]
[[sk:15. storočie]]
[[sl:15. stoletje]]
[[sr:15. век]]
[[su:Abad ka-15]]
[[fi:1400-luku]]
[[sv:1400-talet]]
[[ta:15ம் நூற்றாண்டு]]
[[th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 15]]
[[vi:Thế kỷ 15]]
[[tr:15. yüzyıl]]
[[uk:15 століття]]
[[vec:XV secolo]]
[[fiu-vro:15. aastagasada]]
[[yi:15טער י"ה]]
[[zh-yue:15世紀]]
[[bat-smg:XV omžios]]
[[zh:15世纪]]