1644 34860 225894055 2008-07-15T22:10:32Z RussBot 279219 Robot-assisted fix [[WP:DPL|links to disambiguation page]] Royalist {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} {{C17YearInTopicX}} <!-- [[Image: |thumb|140px|right| .]] --> Year '''1644''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCXLIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the 10-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 10-day span=Mon-Thu,Tue-Fri,Wed-Sat,Thu-Sun,Fr-Mo,Sa-Tu,Sun-Wed --> == Events of 1644 == === January - June === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 26]] - [[First English Civil War]] - [[Battle of Nantwich]]: The [[Roundhead|Parliamentarians]] defeat the [[Cavalier|Royalists]], allowing them to end the 6-week Siege of Nantwich in [[Cheshire]], [[England]]. * [[February]]-[[August]] - Explorer [[Abel Tasman]]'s second expedition for the [[Dutch East India Company]] maps the north coast of [[Australia]]. * [[March 24]] - In [[England]], [[Roger Williams]] is granted an official charter for his [[Rhode Island Colony]], allowing the establishment of a general assembly. * [[April 19]] to [[April 22]] - [[Battle of Shanhai Pass]]: The [[Manchu]] [[Qing Dynasty]] and [[Wu Sangui]] gain a decisive victory over [[Li Zicheng]]'s [[Shun Dynasty]] . * [[April 25]] - A popular [[China|Chinese]] rebellion led by Li Zicheng sacks [[Beijing]], prompting [[Chongzhen Emperor of China|Chongzhen]], the last emperor of the [[Ming Dynasty]], to commit suicide. * [[June 3]] - [[Li Zicheng]] claims himself as the emperor of China. * [[June 6]] - The invading Manchu army, with the help of [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] general [[Wu Sangui]], captures [[Beijing]], China. This marks the beginning of the [[Qing Dynasty]] (also known as the Manchu Dynasty), the last [[Dynasties in Chinese history|imperial dynasty of China]]. === July - December === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Marston_Moor_JBarker.jpg |thumb|240px|right| [[July 2]]: [[Battle of Marston Moor]].]] * [[July 2]] - [[English Civil War]] - [[Battle of Marston Moor]]: The [[Parliamentarians]] crush the [[Cavalier|Royalists]], ending [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]'s hold on the north of [[England]]. * [[September 1]] - [[English Civil War]] - [[Battle of Tippermuir]]: [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|Montrose]] defeats [[Earl of Wemyss|Elcho]]'s [[Covenanters]], reviving the Royalist cause in [[Scotland]]. * [[September 2]] - English Civil War - Second [[Battle of Lostwithiel]]: [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] and the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] gain their last major victory. * [[September 15]] - [[Pope Innocent X]] succeeds [[Pope Urban VIII]] as the 236th [[pope]]. * [[November]] - [[Battle of Jüterbog]]: [[Sweden]]'s forces defeat those of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. * [[November 23]] - ''[[Areopagitica]]'' by [[John Milton]] is published. [[Image:Kolumna_Zygmunta.jpg |thumb|155px|right| [[Kolumna Zygmunta]] is erected.]] * [[December 9]] - As [[Christina of Sweden|Christina]] comes of age, she is made ruling queen of [[Sweden]]. * [[December]] - [[Black Death|Plague]] breaks out in [[Edinburgh]]. ===Undated=== * The [[opera]] ''[[Ormindo]]'' is first performed in Venice: music by [[Francesco Cavalli]] and libretto by [[Giovanni Faustini]]. * [[Kolumna Zygmunta]] (Sigismund's Column) is erected in Warsaw to commemorate King [[Sigismund III Vasa]], who moved the capital of [[Poland]] from [[Kraków]] to [[Warsaw]] in [[1596]]. * [[Philosopher]] [[René Descartes]] publishes ''Principia Philosophiae'' (''Principles of Philosophy''). * During the [[English Civil War]], [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine|Prince Rupert]] and his men take [[Liverpool Castle]], which is later reclaimed by Sir John Moore. ===Ongoing events=== * [[English Civil War]] ([[1642]]-[[1649]]). * [[Thirty Years War]] ([[1618]]-[[1648]]). ==Births== {{Year in other calendars}} <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 10]] - [[Louis François, duc de Boufflers]], French marshal (d. [[1711]]) * [[January 18]] - [[John Partridge (astrologer)|John Partridge]], English astrologer (d. [[1708]]) * [[April 7]] - [[François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi]], French soldier (d. [[1730]]) * [[June 16]] - [[Henrietta Anne Stuart]], Princess of Scotland, England and Ireland (d. [[1670]]) * [[August 6]] - [[Louise de la Vallière]], French mistress of [[Louis XIV of France]] (d. [[1710]]) * [[August 12]] - [[Heinrich Ignaz Biber]], Bohemian composer and violinist (d. [[1704]]) * [[September 25]] - [[Ole Rømer]], Danish astronomer (d. [[1710]]) * [[October 1]] - [[Alessandro Stradella]], Italian composer (d. [[1682]]) * [[October 2]] - [[François-Timoléon de Choisy]], French writer (d. [[1724]]) * [[October 14]] - [[William Penn]], English Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania (d. [[1718]]) *''date unknown'' **[[Antonio Stradivari]], Italian violin maker (d. [[1737]]) **[[Matsuo Bashō]], Japanese poet (d. [[1694]]) : ''See also [[:Category:1644 births]].'' ==Deaths== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[March 15]] - [[Louise Juliana of Nassau]], Regent of Bohemia (b. [[1576]]) * [[April 10]] - Reverend [[William Brewster (Pilgrim)|William Brewster]], Pilgrim leader (b. [[1567]]) * [[April 25]] - [[Chongzhen Emperor of China|Chongzhen]], last Ming Emperor of China (suicide) (b. [[1611]]) * [[July 29]] - [[Pope Urban VIII]] (b. [[1568]]) * [[September 7]] - [[Guido Bentivoglio]], Italian statesman and historian (b. [[1579]]) * [[September 8]] **<!--September 8--> [[John Coke]], English politician (b. [[1563]]) **<!--September 8--> [[Francis Quarles]], English poet (b. [[1592]]) * [[October 6]] - [[Elisabeth of Bourbon]], queen of [[Philip IV of Spain]] (b. [[1602]]) * [[November 6]] - [[Thomas Roe]], English diplomat (b. c.[[1581]]) * [[November 10]] - [[Luís Vélez de Guevara]], Spanish writer (b. [[1579]]) * [[December 30]] - [[Jan Baptist van Helmont]], Flemish chemist (b. [[1577]]) : ''See also [[:Category:1644 deaths]].'' 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