1675
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Year '''1675''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCLXXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the 10-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1675 ==
=== January - June ===
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* [[January 5]] - [[Franco-Dutch War]] - [[Battle of Turckheim]]: In [[Turckheim]], [[Alsace]], [[France]], the French defeat [[Austria]] and [[Brandenburg]].
* [[January 29]] - [[John Sassamon]], an English-educated [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Christian]], dies at Assawampsett Pond, an event which will trigger [[King Philip's War|a year-long war]] between [[Colonial history of the United States|English American colonists]] of [[New England]] and [[Algonquin]] Native American tribes.
* [[June 8]] - John Sassamon's alleged murderers are executed at [[Plymouth]].
* [[June 11]] - Armed [[Wampanoag (tribe)|Wampanoags]] are reported traveling around [[Swansea, Massachusetts]].
* [[June 14]]-[[June 25]] - Colonial authorities of [[Rhode Island]], [[Plymouth]], and [[Massachusetts]] attempt a negotiation with [[Metacomet]] (King Philip), leader of the Wampanoags, and seek guarantees of fidelity from the [[Nipmuck]] and [[Narragansett (tribe)|Narragansett]] tribes.
* [[June 24]] - [[King Philip's War]] breaks out as the Wampanoags attack Swansea.
* [[June 26]] - Massachusetts troops march to Swansea to join the Plymouth troops.
* [[June 26]] - [[June 29]] - Wampanoags assault [[Rehoboth, Massachusetts|Rehoboth]] and [[Taunton, Massachusetts|Taunton]]; the natives elude colonial troops and leave Mount Hope for [[Pocasset, Massachusetts]]. The [[Mohegan]] tribe travels to [[Boston]] in order to side with the English colonists against the Wampanoags.
* [[June 28]] - [[Battle of Fehrbellin]]: [[Brandenburg]] defeats the [[Swedes]].
=== July - December ===
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* [[July 15]] - The [[Narragansett (tribe)|Narragansett tribe]] signs a peace treaty with [[Connecticut]].
* [[July 16]] - [[July 24]] - An envoy from [[Massachusetts]] attempts to negotiate with the [[Nipmuck]] tribe.
* [[August 2]] - [[August 4]] - The Nipmucks attack Massachusetts troops and besiege [[Brookfield, Massachusetts]].
* [[August 10]] - King [[Charles II of England]] places the foundation stone of the [[Royal Greenwich Observatory]] in [[London]]; construction begins.
* [[August 13]] - The Massachusetts Council orders that Christian Indians are to be confined to designated praying towns.
* [[September 1]] - [[September 2]] - While Wampanoags and Nipmucks attack [[Deerfield, Massachusetts]], Captain Samuel Moseley commands Massachusetts troops in an attack on the [[Pennacook]] tribe.
* [[September 12]] - English colonists abandon Deerfield, Squakeag, and Brookfield due to a coalition of Indian attacks.
* [[September 18]] - The Narragansetts sign a treaty with the English in Boston; meanwhile, Massachusetts troops are ambushed near [[Northampton, Massachusetts]].
* [[October 5]] - The [[Pocomtuc]] tribe attacks and destroys [[Springfield, Massachusetts]].
* [[October 13]] - The Massachusetts Council convenes and agrees that all Christian Indians should be ordered to move to [[Deer Island (Massachusetts)|Deer Island]].
* [[November 2]] - [[November 12]] - Commissioners of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] organize a united force to attack the Narragansett tribe.
* [[November 11]] - [[Guru Gobind Singh]] becomes the tenth [[Guru]] of the [[Sikhism|Sikhs]].
* [[November 11]] - [[Gottfried Leibniz]] uses [[infinitesimal calculus]] on a [[Function (mathematics)|function]].
* [[November 11]] - [[Guru Teg Bahadur]], the ninth prophet of the Sikhs, is executed by Mughal rulers. He prefers execution to defend the right of Hindus to practice their own religion.
* [[December 19]] - United colonial forces attack the Narragansetts at the [[Great Swamp Fight]].
===Undated===
* [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini|Cassini]] discovers [[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]]'s [[Cassini Division]].
* [[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]] begins to use a [[microscope]] for observing human tissues and liquids.
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars}}
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* [[January 16]] - [[Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon]], French writer (d. [[1755]])
* [[February 21]] - [[Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl]], Bavarian politician (d. [[1750]])
* [[February 28]] - [[Guillaume Delisle]], French cartographer (d. [[1726]])
* [[March 31]] - [[Pope Benedict XIV]] (d. [[1758]])
* [[May 29]] - [[Humphry Ditton]], English mathematician (d. [[1715]])
* [[June 1]] - [[Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei]], Italian archaeologist (d. [[1755]])
* [[July 5]] - [[Mary Walcott]], American accuser at the Salem witch trials
* [[July 12]] - [[Evaristo Abaco]], Italian composer (d. [[1742]])
* [[July 14]] - [[Claude Alexandre de Bonneval]], French soldier (d. [[1747]])
* [[September 2]] - [[William Somervile]], English poet (d. [[1742]])
* [[September 3]] - [[Paul Dudley]], Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. [[1751]])
* [[October 11]] - [[Samuel Clarke]], English philosopher (d. [[1729]])
* [[October 21]] - [[Emperor Higashiyama of Japan]] (d. [[1710]])
* [[October 24]] - [[Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham]], English soldier and politician (d. [[1749]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1675 births]].''
==Deaths==
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* [[February 9]] - [[Gerhard Douw]], Dutch painter (b. [[1613]])
* [[March 18]] - [[Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall]], Irish soldier (b. [[1606]])
* [[April 12]] - [[Richard Bennett (Governor)|Richard Bennett]], British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. [[1609]])
* [[May 18]] - [[Stanisław Lubieniecki]], Polish astronomer (b. [[1623]])
* [[May 18]] - Father [[Jacques Marquette]], French missionary and explorer (b. [[1636]])
* [[May 27]] - [[Gaspard Dughet]], French painter (b. [[1613]])
* [[June 12]] - [[Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy]] (b. [[1634]])
* [[July 27]] - [[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne]], Marshal of France (b. [[1611]])
* [[July 28]] - [[Bulstrode Whitelocke]], English lawyer (b. [[1605]])
* [[September 18]] - [[Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine]] (b. [[1604]])
* [[September 23]] - [[Valentin Conrart]], founder of the Académie Française (b. [[1603]])
* [[October 26]] - [[William Sprague (1609–1675)|William Sprague]], English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b. [[1609]])
* [[October 27]] - [[Gilles de Roberval]], French mathematician (b. [[1602]])
* [[November 1]] - [[Guru Teg Bahadur]], 9th Sikh Guru (b. [[1621]])
* [[November 28]] - [[Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh]], English Civil War soldier
* [[November 28]] - [[Leonard Hoar]], American President of Harvard University (b. [[1630]])
* [[November 30]] - [[Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore]], colonial Governor of Maryland (b. [[1605]])
* [[December 6]] - [[John Lightfoot]], English church goer (b. [[1602]])
* [[December 15]] - [[Johannes Vermeer]], Dutch painter (b. [[1632]])
* [[December 23]] - [[Caesar, duc de Choiseul]], French marshal and diplomat (b. [[1602]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1675 deaths]].''
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