1691 34895 225230408 2008-07-12T16:14:39Z VolkovBot 3035831 robot Adding: [[vo:1691]] {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} {{C17YearInTopicX}} <!-- [[Image: |thumb|140px|right| .]] --> Year '''1691''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCXCI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the 10-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 10-day span=Mon-Thu,Tue-Fri,Wed-Sat,Thu-Sun,Fr-Mo,Sa-Tu,Sun-Wed --> == Events of 1691 == === January - June === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[March 5]] - [[Nine Years' War]]: French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of [[Mons]]. * [[March 20]] - [[Leisler's Rebellion]]: A new governor arrives in [[New York]] - [[Jacob Leisler]] surrenders after a standoff of several hours. * [[March 29]] - The Siege of Mons ends in the city’s surrender. * [[April 9]] - A fire at the [[Palace of Whitehall]] in [[London]] destroys its Stone Gallery. * [[May 6]] - The [[Spanish inquisition]] condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 [[Jew]]s in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake. * [[May 16]] - [[Jacob Leisler]] is hanged for [[treason]]. * [[June]] - [[Ahmed II]] (1691-[[1695]]) succeeds [[Suleiman II]] ([[1687]]-1691) as [[Ottoman Emperor|emperor]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. === July - December === <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 12]] **<!--July 12-->[[Pope Innocent XII]] succeeds [[Pope Alexander VIII]] as the 242nd [[pope]]. **<!--July 12-->[[Battle of Aughrim]]: [[Williamite]] troops defeat the [[Jacobites]] in [[Ireland]]. * [[October 3]] - The [[Treaty of Limerick]], which guarantees civil rights to [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]], is signed. ''(It was broken "before the ink was dry")'' ===Undated=== * [[Michel Rolle]] invents [[Rolle's theorem]], an essential [[theorem]] of [[mathematics]]. * In [[New England]] the 2 separate Colonies of [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] and [[Plymouth Colony]] are united into a single entity, by an act of the King and Queen of England. * The [[Khalkha]] submit to the [[Manchu]] invaders, bringing most of modern-day [[Mongolia]] under the rule of the [[Qing dynasty]]. ==Births== {{Year in other calendars}} <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[February 27]] - [[Edward Cave]], English editor and publisher (d. [[1754]]) * [[April 5]] - [[Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (d. [[1768]]) * [[April 9]] - [[Johann Matthias Gesner]], German classical scholar (d. [[1761]]) * [[June 17]] - [[Giovanni Paolo Pannini]], Italian painter and architect (d. [[1765]]) * [[August 25]] - [[Alessandro Galilei]], architect and mathematician (d. [[1736]]) * [[September 29]] - [[Richard Challoner]], English Catholic prelate (d. [[1781]]) * [[October 1]] - [[Arthur Onslow]], English politician (d [[1768]]) * [[October 28]] - [[Peder Tordenskjold]], Norwegian naval hero (d. [[1720]]) ==Deaths== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 13]] - [[George Fox]], English founder of the Society of Friends (b. [[1624]]) * [[January 17]] - [[Richard Lower]], English physician (b. [[1631]]) * [[February 1]] - [[Pope Alexander VIII]] (b. [[1610]]) * [[April 3]] - [[Jean Petitot]], Swiss enamel painter (b. [[1607]]) * [[May 11]] - [[John Birch (soldier)|Colonel John Birch]], English soldier (b. [[1615]]) * [[May 16]] - [[Jacob Leisler]], German-born American colonist (b. [[1640]]) * [[May 23]] - [[Adrien Auzout]], French astronomer (b. [[1622]]) * [[May 29]] - [[Cornelis Tromp]], Dutch admiral (b. [[1629]]) * [[June 23]] - [[Suleiman II]], [[Sultan]], [[Ottoman Empire]] (b. [[1642]]) * [[July 12]] - [[Marquis de St Ruth]] (killed at the Battle of Aughrim) * [[July 16]] - [[François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois]], French war minister (b. [[1641]]) * [[July 30]] - [[Daniel Georg Morhof]], German writer and scholar (b. [[1639]]) * [[August 14]] - [[Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel]], Irish rebel (b. [[1630]]) * [[September 12]] - [[John George III, Elector of Saxony]] (b. [[1647]]) * [[October 9]] - [[William Sacheverell]], English statesman (b. [[1638]]) * [[October 10]] - [[Isaac de Benserade]], French poet (b. [[1613]]) * [[November 14]] - [[Tosa Mitsuoki]], Japanese painter (b. [[1617]]) * [[November 15]] - [[Aelbert Cuyp]], Dutch painter (b. [[1620]]) * [[December 8]] - [[Richard Baxter]], English clergyman (b. [[1615]]) * [[December 30]] - [[Robert Boyle]], Irish chemist (b. [[1627]]) *''probable'' - [[Elizabeth Polwheele]], English playwright (b. c. [[1651]]) [[Category:1691| ]] [[af:1691]] [[am:1691 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1691]] [[an:1691]] [[ast:1691]] [[az:1691]] [[bn:১৬৯১]] [[map-bms:1691]] [[be:1691]] [[be-x-old:1691]] [[bh:१६९१]] [[bs:1691]] [[br:1691]] [[bg:1691]] [[ca:1691]] [[cv:1691]] [[cs:1691]] [[co:1691]] [[cy:1691]] [[da:1691]] [[de:1691]] [[et:1691]] [[el:1691]] [[es:1691]] [[eo:1691]] [[eu:1691]] [[fr:1691]] [[fy:1691]] [[ga:1691]] [[gd:1691]] [[gl:1691]] [[ko:1691년]] [[hy:1691]] [[hi:1691]] [[hr:1691.]] [[io:1691]] [[bpy:মারি ১৬৯১]] [[id:1691]] [[ia:1691]] [[os:1691]] [[is:1691]] [[it:1691]] [[he:1691]] [[jv:1691]] [[ka:1691]] [[sw:1691]] [[ht:1691 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1691]] [[lb:1691]] [[lt:XVII amžiaus 10-as dešimtmetis#1691]] [[jbo:1691moi nanca]] [[lmo:1691]] [[hu:1691]] [[mk:1691]] [[mi:1691]] [[mr:इ.स. १६९१]] [[ms:1691]] [[nah:1691]] [[nl:1691]] [[new:१६९१]] [[ja:1691年]] [[nap:1691]] [[no:1691]] [[nn:1691]] [[nrm:1691]] [[nov:1691]] [[oc:1691]] [[uz:1691]] [[pi:१६९१]] [[pl:1691]] [[pt:1691]] [[ksh:Joohr 1691]] [[ro:1691]] [[ru:1691 год]] [[sa:१६९१]] [[sq:1691]] [[scn:1691]] [[simple:1691]] [[sk:1691]] [[sl:1691]] [[sr:1691]] [[su:1691]] [[fi:1691]] [[sv:1691]] [[tl:1691]] [[tt:1691]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2234]] [[tr:1691]] [[uk:1691]] [[vec:1691]] [[vo:1691]] [[zh-yue:1691年]] [[zh:1691年]]