1778
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226185902
2008-07-17T06:06:18Z
Benea
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Year '''1778''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the 11-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
== Events of 1778 ==
===January - June ===
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[[Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|thumb|180px|right| '''[[June 28]]''': The [[Battle of Monmouth]].]]
* [[January 18]] - Third [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] expedition of [[Capt.]] [[James Cook]], with ships [[HMS Resolution (1771)|HMS ''Resolution'']] and [[HMS Discovery (1774)|HMS ''Discovery'']], first view [[Oahu|O'ahu]] then [[Kauai|Kaua'i]] in the [[Hawaiian Islands]], which he names the "[[Sandwich Islands]]."
* [[February 5]] - [[South Carolina]] becomes the first state to ratify the [[Articles of Confederation]].
* [[February 6]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: In [[Paris]] the [[Treaty of Alliance]] and the [[Treaty of Amity and Commerce (USA-France)|Treaty of Amity and Commerce]] are signed by the [[United States]] and [[France]] signaling official recognition of the new republic.
* [[February 23]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Baron von Steuben]] arrives at [[Valley Forge]], [[Pennsylvania]] and begins to train the American troops.
* [[March 10]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[George Washington]] approves the dishonorable discharge of Lieut. Frederick Gotthold Enslin for "attempting to commit sodomy, with John Monhort a soldier".
* [[June 24]] - Total [[Solar Eclipse]]: takes place across parts of [[USA]] from [[Texas]] to [[Virginia]].
* [[June 28]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: the [[Battle of Monmouth]] takes place in [[Monmouth County|Monmouth]], [[New Jersey]].
===July - December===
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* [[July 3]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: the [[Wyoming Massacre]] takes place near [[Wilkes-Barre]], [[Pa.]], ending in a terrible defeat of the local [[colonist]]s.
* [[July 4]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[George Rogers Clark]] takes Kaskaskia.
* [[July 10]] - [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Louis XVI of France]] declares war on the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]].
* [[July 27]] - [[American Revolution]]: [[First Battle of Ushant]] - [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] and [[France|French]] fleets fight to a standoff.
* [[August 26]] - [[Triglav]], at 2,864 meters above sea level the highest peak of [[Slovenia]], was ascended for the first time by four brave men: [[Luka Korošec]], [[Matevž Kos]], [[Štefan Rožič]] and [[Lovrenc Willomitzer]] on [[Sigismund Zois]]'s initiative.
* [[September]] - The [[Massachusetts Banishment Act]], providing punishment for [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalists]], is passed.
* [[September 17]] - [[Treaty of Fort Pitt (1778)|Treaty of Fort Pitt]] signed, the first formal treaty between the [[United States]] and a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe (the [[Lenape]] or Delaware).
* [[September 19]] - The [[Continental Congress]] passes the first [[budget]] of the [[United States]].
* [[November 26]] - In the [[Hawaiian Islands]], [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[James Cook]] becomes the first [[Europe]]an to land on [[Maui (island)|Maui]].
[[Image:KahakuloaHead sml.jpg|thumb|210px|right| '''[[November 26]]''': [[James Cook|Captain Cook]] lands on [[Maui (island)|Maui]].]]
===Undated===
* The first [[colonization|settlement]] was made in the area of what is now [[Louisville, Kentucky]] by 13 families under [[Col.]] [[George Rogers Clark]].
* [[Phillips Academy]], the most prestigious secondary boarding school in the [[United States]], was founded by [[Samuel Phillips Jr]].
* First [[Ironbridge]].
* The term "[[thoroughbred]]" was first used in the [[United States]] in an advertisement in a [[Kentucky]] [[gazette]] to describe a [[New Jersey]] stallion called [[Pilgarlick]].
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==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Anei|An'ei]] 6 – 7}}
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* [[January 3]] - [[Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski]], Polish bishop (d. [[1861]])
* [[February 22]] - [[Rembrandt Peale]], American artist (d. [[1860]])
* [[March 19]] - [[Edward Pakenham]], British general (d. [[1815]])
* [[April 10]] - [[William Hazlitt]], English essayist (d. [[1830]])
* [[May 18]] - [[Charles William Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry]], British politician (d. [[1854]])
* [[August 11]] - [[Friedrich Ludwig Jahn]], German patriot (d. [[1852]])
* [[September 8]] - [[Clemens Brentano]], German poet (d. [[1842]])
* [[September 19]] - [[Henry Peter Brougham]], [[Lord High Chancellor]] of Great Britain (d. [[1868]])
* [[November 1]] - [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]] (d. [[1837]])
* [[November 25]] - [[Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck]], British Christian writer (d. [[1856]])
* [[December 17]] - [[Humphry Davy|Sir Humphry Davy]], English chemist (d. [[1829]])
* [[December 19]] - [[Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte|Marie Thérèse Charlotte]] (d. [[1851]])
* [[December 28]] - [[Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki]], Polish politician (d. [[1846]])
* Sardar Fath `Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. [[1818]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1778 births]].''
==Deaths==
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*[[January 10]] - [[Carolus Linnaeus]], Swedish botanist (b. [[1707]])
*[[February 18]] - [[Joseph Marie Terray]], French statesman (b. [[1715]])
*[[February 20]] - [[Laura Bassi]], Italian scholar (b. [[1711]])
*[[March 5]] - [[Thomas Augustine Arne]], English composer of "Rule, Britannia!" (b. [[1710]])
*[[March 7]] - [[Charles De Geer]], Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b. [[1720]])
*[[March 13]] - [[Charles le Beau]], French historian (b. [[1701]])
*[[April 22]] - [[James Hargreaves]], English weaver, carpenter, and inventor (b. [[1720]])
*[[May 11]] - [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1708]])
*[[May 16]] - [[Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness]], English diplomat and politician (b. [[1718]])
*[[May 30]] - [[Voltaire]], French philosopher (b. [[1694]])
*[[June 12]] - [[Philip Livingston]], American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. [[1716]])
*[[June 16]] - [[Konrad Ekhof]], German actor (b. [[1720]])
*[[June 24]] - [[Pieter Burmann the Younger]], Dutch philologist (b. [[1714]])
*[[July 2]] - [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], Swiss philosopher (b. [[1712]])
*[[July 2]] - [[Bathsheba Ruggles]], American murderer (b. [[1746]]?)
*[[July 5]] - [[James Townley]], English dramatist (b. [[1714]])
*[[August 5]] - [[Charles Clémencet]], French historian (b. [[1703]])
*[[August 12]] - [[Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven]], British general and politician (b. [[1714]])
*[[November 9]] - [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], Italian artist (b. [[1720]])
*[[November 20]] - [[Francesco Cetti]], Italian Jesuit scientist (b. [[1726]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Thomas Johnson (designer)]], furniture maker (b. [[1714]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1778 deaths]].''
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