1789
34697
226029531
2008-07-16T14:44:51Z
Rreagan007
6320553
/* July - December */
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Year '''1789''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCLXXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the 11-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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1789 was the year of the first [[French Revolution]], which ultimately overthrew the French monarchy and triggered a series of European wars that lasted until the final [[Battle of Waterloo|defeat]] of [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] in [[1815]]. The French Revolution was a watershed historical event that drew the age of [[Absolute monarchy|unlimited monarchies]] to a close and ushered in the tumultuous [[19th century]].
== Events of 1789 ==
===January - June===
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* [[January 7]] - [[United States presidential election, 1789|1789 United States presidential elections]] and [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1789|House of Representatives elections]] held.
* [[January 21]] - The first American [[novel]], ''[[The Power of Sympathy]] or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'', is printed in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].
* [[January 23]] - [[Georgetown University]] founded in [[Washington, D.C.]], becoming the first [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[college]] in the [[United States]]
[[Image:Portrait of George Washington.jpeg|thumb|145px|right| [[February 4]]: First [[President of the United States]], [[George Washington]], elected.]]
* [[February 4]] - [[George Washington]] is unanimously elected the first [[President of the United States]] by the [[United States Electoral College]].
* [[March 4]] - At [[Federal Hall]] in [[New York City]], the [[1st United States Congress]] meets and declares the new [[United States Constitution]] to be in effect.
*[[March 18]] - The last [[Execution by burning|burning at the stake]] took place at Newgate when Catherine (or Christian) Murphy was executed for [[high treason]] coining.
* [[April 1]] - At Federal Hall, the [[United States House of Representatives]] attains its first [[quorum]] and elects [[Frederick Muhlenberg]] of [[Pennsylvania]] as its first [[Speaker of the House]].
*[[April 7]] - Change of [[Ottoman sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Abd-ul-Hamid I]] (1773-1789) to [[Selim III]] (1789-1807).
* [[April 28]] - [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']]: [[Fletcher Christian]] leads the [[mutiny]] on [[HMS Bounty|HMS ''Bounty'']] against Captain [[William Bligh]].
*[[April 30]] - [[George Washington]] is [[Inauguration Day|inaugurated]] at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first president of the United States.
* [[May 5]] - In [[France]], the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] convenes for the first time in 175 years.
* [[June 14]] - ''Bounty'' mutiny survivors, including Captain [[William Bligh]] and 18 others, reach [[Timor]] after a nearly 4,000-mile journey in an open boat.
<!--IMAGE-->[[Image:Mutiny HMS Bounty.jpg|thumb|180px|right| [[April 28]]: [[Mutiny on the Bounty]].]]
* [[June 17]] - In [[France]], representatives of the [[Third Estate]] at the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] declare themselves the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]].
* [[June 20]] - [[Tennis Court Oath]] made in Versailles.
*[[June 23]] - [[Louis XVI of France]] makes a conciliatory speech urging reforms to a joint session and orders the three estates to meet together.
===July - December===
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*July - Perhaps 150,000 of [[Paris]]'s 600,000 people are without work.
* [[July 9]]
**<!--July 9-->In [[Versailles]], the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]] reconstitutes itself as the [[National Constituent Assembly]] and begins preparations for a [[French constitution]].
**<!--July 9-->Official end of the [[Theater War]].
* [[July 10]] - [[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]] reaches [[Mackenzie River]] Delta.
* [[July 11]] - King of France fires popular chief minister Necker.
* [[July 12]] - Angry Parisian crowd demonstrates against King’s decision to dismiss minister Necker.
*[[July 13]] - People begin to seize arms for the defense of [[Paris]].
* [[July 14]] - [[French Revolution]] (1789-[[1799]]) begins: Citizens of [[Paris]] [[storming of the Bastille|storm the Bastille]] and free seven prisoners. In rural areas, peasants attack noble manors.
<!--IMAGE-->[[Image:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|190px|right| [[July 14]]: [[Storming of the Bastille]].]]
* [[July 27]] - The first [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] agency under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs (later renamed the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]), is established.
* [[August 4]] - In [[France]], members of the Constituent Assembly take an oath to end [[feudalism]] and abandon their privileges.
* [[August 7]] - The [[United States Department of War]] is established.
* [[August 26]] - [[Declaration of the Rights of Man]] in [[France]].
* [[August 28]] - [[William Herschel]] discovers [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]], one of [[Saturn]]'s moons.
* [[September 2]] - [[United States Department of the Treasury]] is founded.
* [[September 22]] - [[Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792]]: [[Alexander Suvorov]] roundly defeats the 100,000 Turks in the [[Battle of Rymnik]].
* [[September 24]] - The [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] establishes the federal judiciary and the [[United States Marshals Service]].
* [[September 25]] - The [[United States Congress]] proposes a set of twelve amendments for ratification by the states. Ratification for ten of these proposals is completed on [[December 5]], [[1791]], creating the [[United States Bill of Rights]].
* [[September 29]] - The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular [[United States Army|army]], with a strength of several hundred men.
*October - Some 7,000 women march 12 miles from [[Paris]] to [[Versailles]] to demand action.
* [[November 6]] - [[Pope Pius VI]] appoints [[John Carroll (priest)|John Carroll]] the first [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[bishop]] in the [[United States]].
*[[November 20]] - [[New Jersey]] ratifies the [[United States Bill of Rights]], the first [[U.S. state|state]] to do so.
*[[November 21]] - [[North Carolina]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]] and becomes the 12th [[U.S. state]].
*[[November 26]] - A national [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]] is observed in the [[United States]] as recommended by President George Washington and approved by Congress.
*[[December 11]] - The [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]], the oldest [[public university]] in the United States, is founded.
===Undated===
* [[Thomas Jefferson]] returns from Europe, bringing the first ''[[macaroni]]'' machine to the United States
* Influenced by Dr. [[Benjamin Rush]]'s argument against excessive use of alcohol, about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community formed a [[Temperance movement|temperance]] association.
*[[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]] decrees that all peasant labor obligations be converted into cash payments.
*[[Fort Washington, Cincinnati, Ohio|Fort Washington]] is built in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], to protect early US settlements in the [[Northwest Territory]].
==Ongoing==
*[[Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)]]
*[[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]]
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars}}
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* [[January 4]] - [[Benjamin Lundy]], American abolitionist (died [[1839]])
*[[January 12]] - [[Ettore Perrone di San Martino]], prime minister of Sardinia (died [[1849]])
* [[January 21]] - [[William Machin Stairs]], Canadian businessman and statesman (died [[1865]])
* [[March 16]] - [[Georg Ohm]], German physicist (died [[1854]])
* [[July 19]] - [[John Martin (painter)|John Martin]], English painter (died [[1854]])
* [[August 21]] - [[Augustin Louis Cauchy]], French mathematician (died [[1857]])
* [[August 28]] - [[Stephanie de Beauharnais]], Grand Duchess of Baden (died [[1860]])
* [[September 15]] - [[James Fenimore Cooper]], American writer (died [[1851]])
* [[October 8]] - [[William Swainson|William John Swainson]] an English naturalist and artist (died [[1855]]).
* [[December 28]] - [[Catharine Sedgwick]], American writer (died [[1867]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq]], Urdu poet (died [[1854]])
*[[Friedrich List]], German journalist (d. [[1846]]).
==Deaths==
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*[[January 1]] - [[Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley]], English politician (born [[1716]])
*[[January 8]] - [[Jack Broughton]], English boxer (born [[1703]])
*[[January 23]] - [[Frances Brooke]], English writer (born [[1724]])
*[[February 19]] - [[Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)|Nicholas Van Dyke]], American lawyer and [[Governor of Delaware|President of Delaware]] (born [[1738]])
*[[April 7]] - [[Abd-ul-Hamid I]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (born [[1725]])
*[[April 7]] - [[Petrus Camper]], Dutch anatomist (born [[1722]])
*[[April 26]] - Count [[Petr Ivanovich Panin]], Russian soldier (born [[1721]])
* [[May 1]] - [[George Fife Angas]], Founder of South Australia (died [[1879]])
*[[May 9]] - [[Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval]], French artillery specialist (born [[1715]])
*[[May 25]] - [[Anders Dahl]], Swedish botanist (born [[1751]])
*[[June 4]] - [[Prince Louis-Joseph of France]], son of [[Louis XVI of France]] (tuberculosis) (born [[1781]])
*[[July 13]] - [[Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau]], French economist (born [[1715]])
*[[July 14]] - [[Jacques de Flesselles]], French provost (assassinated) (born [[1721]])
*[[July 15]] - [[Jacques Duphly]], French composer (born [[1715]])
*[[July 22]] - [[Joseph-François Foulon]], French politician (executed) (born [[1715]])
*[[October 27]] - [[John Cook (governor)|John Cook]], American farmer and [[Governor of Delaware|President of Delaware]] (born [[1730]])
*[[December 3]] - [[Claude Joseph Vernet]], French painter (born [[1714]])
*[[December 12]] - [[John Ponsonby (politician)|John Ponsonby]], Irish politician (born [[1713]])
*[[December 23]] - [[Charles-Michel de l'Épée]], French philanthropist and developer of signed French (born [[1712]])
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