1789 34697 226029531 2008-07-16T14:44:51Z Rreagan007 6320553 /* July - December */ {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} {{C18YearInTopicX}} Year '''1789''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCLXXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the 11-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 11-day span=Mon-Fri,Tue-Sat,Wed-Sun,Thu-Mon,Fr-Tu,Sa-We,Sun-Thu --> 1789 was the year of the first [[French Revolution]], which ultimately overthrew the French monarchy and triggered a series of European wars that lasted until the final [[Battle of Waterloo|defeat]] of [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] in [[1815]]. The French Revolution was a watershed historical event that drew the age of [[Absolute monarchy|unlimited monarchies]] to a close and ushered in the tumultuous [[19th century]]. == Events of 1789 == ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 7]] - [[United States presidential election, 1789|1789 United States presidential elections]] and [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1789|House of Representatives elections]] held. * [[January 21]] - The first American [[novel]], ''[[The Power of Sympathy]] or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth'', is printed in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]. * [[January 23]] - [[Georgetown University]] founded in [[Washington, D.C.]], becoming the first [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[college]] in the [[United States]] [[Image:Portrait of George Washington.jpeg|thumb|145px|right| [[February 4]]: First [[President of the United States]], [[George Washington]], elected.]] * [[February 4]] - [[George Washington]] is unanimously elected the first [[President of the United States]] by the [[United States Electoral College]]. * [[March 4]] - At [[Federal Hall]] in [[New York City]], the [[1st United States Congress]] meets and declares the new [[United States Constitution]] to be in effect. *[[March 18]] - The last [[Execution by burning|burning at the stake]] took place at Newgate when Catherine (or Christian) Murphy was executed for [[high treason]] coining. * [[April 1]] - At Federal Hall, the [[United States House of Representatives]] attains its first [[quorum]] and elects [[Frederick Muhlenberg]] of [[Pennsylvania]] as its first [[Speaker of the House]]. *[[April 7]] - Change of [[Ottoman sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Abd-ul-Hamid I]] (1773-1789) to [[Selim III]] (1789-1807). * [[April 28]] - [[Mutiny on the Bounty|Mutiny on the ''Bounty'']]: [[Fletcher Christian]] leads the [[mutiny]] on [[HMS Bounty|HMS ''Bounty'']] against Captain [[William Bligh]]. *[[April 30]] - [[George Washington]] is [[Inauguration Day|inaugurated]] at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first president of the United States. * [[May 5]] - In [[France]], the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] convenes for the first time in 175 years. * [[June 14]] - ''Bounty'' mutiny survivors, including Captain [[William Bligh]] and 18 others, reach [[Timor]] after a nearly 4,000-mile journey in an open boat. <!--IMAGE-->[[Image:Mutiny HMS Bounty.jpg|thumb|180px|right| [[April 28]]: [[Mutiny on the Bounty]].]] * [[June 17]] - In [[France]], representatives of the [[Third Estate]] at the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates-General]] declare themselves the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]]. * [[June 20]] - [[Tennis Court Oath]] made in Versailles. *[[June 23]] - [[Louis XVI of France]] makes a conciliatory speech urging reforms to a joint session and orders the three estates to meet together. ===July - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *July - Perhaps 150,000 of [[Paris]]'s 600,000 people are without work. * [[July 9]] **<!--July 9-->In [[Versailles]], the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]] reconstitutes itself as the [[National Constituent Assembly]] and begins preparations for a [[French constitution]]. **<!--July 9-->Official end of the [[Theater War]]. * [[July 10]] - [[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]] reaches [[Mackenzie River]] Delta. * [[July 11]] - King of France fires popular chief minister Necker. * [[July 12]] - Angry Parisian crowd demonstrates against King’s decision to dismiss minister Necker. *[[July 13]] - People begin to seize arms for the defense of [[Paris]]. * [[July 14]] - [[French Revolution]] (1789-[[1799]]) begins: Citizens of [[Paris]] [[storming of the Bastille|storm the Bastille]] and free seven prisoners. In rural areas, peasants attack noble manors. <!--IMAGE-->[[Image:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|190px|right| [[July 14]]: [[Storming of the Bastille]].]] * [[July 27]] - The first [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. federal government]] agency under the new Constitution, the Department of Foreign Affairs (later renamed the [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]), is established. * [[August 4]] - In [[France]], members of the Constituent Assembly take an oath to end [[feudalism]] and abandon their privileges. * [[August 7]] - The [[United States Department of War]] is established. * [[August 26]] - [[Declaration of the Rights of Man]] in [[France]]. * [[August 28]] - [[William Herschel]] discovers [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]], one of [[Saturn]]'s moons. * [[September 2]] - [[United States Department of the Treasury]] is founded. * [[September 22]] - [[Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792]]: [[Alexander Suvorov]] roundly defeats the 100,000 Turks in the [[Battle of Rymnik]]. * [[September 24]] - The [[Judiciary Act of 1789]] establishes the federal judiciary and the [[United States Marshals Service]]. * [[September 25]] - The [[United States Congress]] proposes a set of twelve amendments for ratification by the states. Ratification for ten of these proposals is completed on [[December 5]], [[1791]], creating the [[United States Bill of Rights]]. * [[September 29]] - The U.S. Department of War establishes the nation's first regular [[United States Army|army]], with a strength of several hundred men. *October - Some 7,000 women march 12 miles from [[Paris]] to [[Versailles]] to demand action. * [[November 6]] - [[Pope Pius VI]] appoints [[John Carroll (priest)|John Carroll]] the first [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[bishop]] in the [[United States]]. *[[November 20]] - [[New Jersey]] ratifies the [[United States Bill of Rights]], the first [[U.S. state|state]] to do so. *[[November 21]] - [[North Carolina]] ratifies the [[United States Constitution]] and becomes the 12th [[U.S. state]]. *[[November 26]] - A national [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]] is observed in the [[United States]] as recommended by President George Washington and approved by Congress. *[[December 11]] - The [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]], the oldest [[public university]] in the United States, is founded. ===Undated=== * [[Thomas Jefferson]] returns from Europe, bringing the first ''[[macaroni]]'' machine to the United States * Influenced by Dr. [[Benjamin Rush]]'s argument against excessive use of alcohol, about 200 farmers in a Connecticut community formed a [[Temperance movement|temperance]] association. *[[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]] decrees that all peasant labor obligations be converted into cash payments. *[[Fort Washington, Cincinnati, Ohio|Fort Washington]] is built in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], to protect early US settlements in the [[Northwest Territory]]. ==Ongoing== *[[Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)]] *[[Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)]] ==Births== {{Year in other calendars}} <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 4]] - [[Benjamin Lundy]], American abolitionist (died [[1839]]) *[[January 12]] - [[Ettore Perrone di San Martino]], prime minister of Sardinia (died [[1849]]) * [[January 21]] - [[William Machin Stairs]], Canadian businessman and statesman (died [[1865]]) * [[March 16]] - [[Georg Ohm]], German physicist (died [[1854]]) * [[July 19]] - [[John Martin (painter)|John Martin]], English painter (died [[1854]]) * [[August 21]] - [[Augustin Louis Cauchy]], French mathematician (died [[1857]]) * [[August 28]] - [[Stephanie de Beauharnais]], Grand Duchess of Baden (died [[1860]]) * [[September 15]] - [[James Fenimore Cooper]], American writer (died [[1851]]) * [[October 8]] - [[William Swainson|William John Swainson]] an English naturalist and artist (died [[1855]]). * [[December 28]] - [[Catharine Sedgwick]], American writer (died [[1867]]) *''date unknown'' - [[Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq]], Urdu poet (died [[1854]]) *[[Friedrich List]], German journalist (d. [[1846]]). ==Deaths== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 1]] - [[Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley]], English politician (born [[1716]]) *[[January 8]] - [[Jack Broughton]], English boxer (born [[1703]]) *[[January 23]] - [[Frances Brooke]], English writer (born [[1724]]) *[[February 19]] - [[Nicholas Van Dyke (governor)|Nicholas Van Dyke]], American lawyer and [[Governor of Delaware|President of Delaware]] (born [[1738]]) *[[April 7]] - [[Abd-ul-Hamid I]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (born [[1725]]) *[[April 7]] - [[Petrus Camper]], Dutch anatomist (born [[1722]]) *[[April 26]] - Count [[Petr Ivanovich Panin]], Russian soldier (born [[1721]]) * [[May 1]] - [[George Fife Angas]], Founder of South Australia (died [[1879]]) *[[May 9]] - [[Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval]], French artillery specialist (born [[1715]]) *[[May 25]] - [[Anders Dahl]], Swedish botanist (born [[1751]]) *[[June 4]] - [[Prince Louis-Joseph of France]], son of [[Louis XVI of France]] (tuberculosis) (born [[1781]]) *[[July 13]] - [[Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau]], French economist (born [[1715]]) *[[July 14]] - [[Jacques de Flesselles]], French provost (assassinated) (born [[1721]]) *[[July 15]] - [[Jacques Duphly]], French composer (born [[1715]]) *[[July 22]] - [[Joseph-François Foulon]], French politician (executed) (born [[1715]]) *[[October 27]] - [[John Cook (governor)|John Cook]], American farmer and [[Governor of Delaware|President of Delaware]] (born [[1730]]) *[[December 3]] - [[Claude Joseph Vernet]], French painter (born [[1714]]) *[[December 12]] - [[John Ponsonby (politician)|John Ponsonby]], Irish politician (born [[1713]]) *[[December 23]] - [[Charles-Michel de l'Épée]], French philanthropist and developer of signed French (born [[1712]]) {{commonscat}} [[Category:1789| ]] [[af:1789]] [[am:1789 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1789]] [[an:1789]] [[ast:1789]] [[az:1789]] [[bn:১৭৮৯]] [[map-bms:1789]] [[be:1789]] [[be-x-old:1789]] [[bh:१७८९]] [[bs:1789]] [[br:1789]] [[bg:1789]] [[ca:1789]] [[cv:1789]] [[cs:1789]] [[co:1789]] [[cy:1789]] [[da:1789]] [[de:1789]] [[et:1789]] [[el:1789]] [[es:1789]] [[eo:1789]] [[eu:1789]] [[fr:1789]] [[fy:1789]] [[fur:1789]] [[ga:1789]] [[gv:1789]] [[gd:1789]] [[gl:1789]] [[ko:1789년]] [[hy:1789]] [[hi:1789]] [[hr:1789.]] [[io:1789]] [[bpy:মারি ১৭৮৯]] [[id:1789]] [[ia:1789]] [[os:1789]] [[is:1789]] [[it:1789]] [[he:1789]] [[jv:1789]] [[ka:1789]] [[csb:1789]] [[sw:1789]] [[ht:1789 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1789]] [[lb:1789]] [[lt:1789 m.]] [[lmo:1789]] [[hu:1789]] [[mk:1789]] [[mi:1789]] [[mr:इ.स. १७८९]] [[ms:1789]] [[nah:1789]] [[nl:1789]] [[new:१७८९]] [[ja:1789年]] [[nap:1789]] [[no:1789]] [[nn:1789]] [[nrm:1789]] [[nov:1789]] [[oc:1789]] [[uz:1789]] [[pi:१७८९]] [[nds:1789]] [[pl:1789]] [[pt:1789]] [[ksh:Joohr 1789]] [[ro:1789]] [[ru:1789 год]] [[sa:१७८९]] [[sq:1789]] [[scn:1789]] [[simple:1789]] [[sk:1789]] [[sl:1789]] [[sr:1789]] [[su:1789]] [[fi:1789]] [[sv:1789]] [[tl:1789]] [[ta:1789]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2332]] [[vi:1789]] [[tr:1789]] [[uk:1789]] [[vec:1789]] [[vo:1789]] [[wa:1789]] [[zh-yue:1789年]] [[zh:1789年]]