1791
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Year '''1791''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCXCI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the 11-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1791 ==
===January - June===
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* [[January 25]] - The [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] passes the [[Constitutional Act of 1791]], splitting the old [[Province of Quebec (1763-1791)|province of Quebec]] into [[Upper Canada|Upper]] and [[Lower Canada]].
* [[March 2]] - Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a [[semaphore line|semaphore]] machine in [[Paris]].
* [[March 4]] - [[Vermont]] is admitted as the 14th [[U.S. state]].
* [[May 3]] - [[General sejm|Sejm]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] proclaims the [[Constitution of May 3, 1791]], the first modern codified [[constitution]] in [[Europe]].
* [[June 20]] - The [[Members of the French Royal Families|French Royal Family]] is captured when they try to flee in disguise.
===July - December===
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* [[July 14]] - The [[Priestley Riots]] in [[Birmingham]], [[England]].
* [[July 17]] - The [[Champ de Mars]] Massacre during the [[French Revolution]].
* [[August 4]] - The [[Treaty of Sistova]] is signed, ending the [[Ottoman-Habsburg wars]].
* [[August 6]] - [[Brandenburg Gate]] in [[Berlin]] finished.
* [[August 26]] - [[John Fitch (inventor)|John Fitch]] is granted a patent for the [[steamboat]] in the [[United States]].
* [[August 22]] - Slave rebellion in the french colony of Saint-Domingue.
*September - [[Louis XVI of France]] accepts the final version of the completed constitution.
* [[September 25]] - The [[Mission Santa Cruz]], is founded by [[Fermin Lasuen|Father Fermín Francisco de Lasuén]], becoming the twelfth mission in the [[California mission]] chain.
* [[September 30]] - Première of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s [[singspiel]] ''[[Die Zauberflöte]]'' ''(Magic Flute)'' in the [[Freihaustheater]] in [[Vienna]].
*October - [[Legislative Assembly (France)]] convens.
* [[October 9]] - The [[Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad]], was founded by [[Fermin Lasuen|Father Fermín Francisco de Lasuén]], becoming the thirteenth mission in the [[California mission]] chain.
* [[December 4]] - The first issue of ''[[The Observer]]'', the world's first Sunday [[newspaper]], is published.
* [[December 5]] - Austrian composer, [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] dies.
* [[December 15]] - Ratification by the states of the first ten amendments to the [[United States Constitution]] is completed, creating the [[United States Bill of Rights]]. Two additional amendments remain pending, and one of these is finally ratified in [[1992]], becoming the [[Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-seventh Amendment]].
===Undated===
* The first [[United States|American]] ship reaches [[Japan]].
* Slave rebellion in [[Haiti]] has begun.
* “1791” Pittsway, MA 01201 - the year in which an ordinance was written barring the game of baseball within 80 yards of the Meeting House, the first known reference to the game of baseball in North America.
* Adoption of the [[metric system]] in France.
===Ongoing events===
* [[French Revolution]] ([[1789]]-[[1799]]).
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Kansei]] 2 – 3}}
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* [[January 15]] - [[Franz Grillparzer]], Austrian writer (d. [[1872]])
* [[January 28]] - [[Louis Joseph Ferdinand Herold]], French composer (d. [[1833]])
* [[February 12]] - [[Peter Cooper]], American Industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (d. [[1883]])
* [[February 21]]
**[[Carl Czerny]], Austrian composer (d. [[1857]])
**[[John Mercer]], chemist and industrialist (d. [[1866]])
* [[April 23]] - [[James Buchanan]], 15th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1868]])
* [[April 27]] - [[Samuel Morse]], American inventor (d. [[1872]])
* [[July 26]] - [[Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart]], Austrian composer and pianist (d. [[1844]])
* [[September 5]] - [[Giacomo Meyerbeer]], German composer (d. [[1864]])
* [[September 21]] - [[István Széchenyi]], Hungarian politician and writer (d. [[1860]])
* [[September 22]] - [[Michael Faraday]], British scientist (d. [[1867]])
* [[September 26]] - [[Théodore Géricault]], French painter (d. [[1824]])
* [[November 11]] - [[Josef Munzinger]], [[member of the Swiss Federal Council]] (d. [[1855]])
* [[December 26]] - [[Charles Babbage]], British mathematician and inventor (d. [[1871]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1791 births]].''
==Deaths==
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*[[January 11]] - [[William Williams Pantycelyn]], Welsh hymnist (b. [[1717]])
*[[March 2]] - [[John Wesley]], English founder of Methodism (b. [[1703]])
*[[March 14]] - [[Johann Salomo Semler]], German historian and Bible commentator (b. [[1725]])
*[[April 19]] - [[Richard Price]], Welsh philosopher (b. [[1723]])
*[[May 9]] - [[Francis Hopkinson]], American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. [[1737]])
*[[June 5]] - [[Frederick Haldimand]], Swiss-born British colonial governor (b. [[1718]])
*[[June 10]] - [[Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte]], French admiral (b. [[1720]])
*[[July 17]] - [[Martin Dobrizhoffer]], Austrian Jesuit missionary (b. [[1717]])
*[[July 25]] - [[Isaac Low]], American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. [[1735]])
*[[August 16]] - [[Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec]], French soldier and diplomat (b. [[1719]])
*[[November 4]] - [[Richard Butler (general)]], American soldier (b. [[1743]])
*[[September 25]] - [[William Bradford (1719-1791)|William Bradford]], American printer (b. [[1719]])
*[[December 5]] - [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], Austrian composer (b. [[1756]])
{{commonscat}}
: ''See also [[:Category: 1791 deaths]].''
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