1792
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{{About|the year 1792|the 1792 bourbon whiskey|1792 (bourbon)}}
{{year nav|1792}}
{{C18YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1792''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCXCII]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the 11-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1792 ==
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<!--IMAGE-->[[Image:Guillotinemodels.jpg |thumb|200px|right| [[April 24]]: [[Guillotine]] (1792 model, left).]]
<!--IMAGE-->[[Image:Unzen pyroclastic and lahar deposits.jpg |thumb|200px|right| [[May 21]]: [[Mount Unzen]] ([[Japan]]) erupts.]]
<!--IMAGE-->[[Image:Map of USA KY.svg |thumb|190px|right| [[June 1]]: [[Kentucky]] statehood.]]
===January - June===
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*[[January 9]] - [[Treaty of Jassy]] ends [[Russia]]n war with [[Ottoman Empire]] over [[Crimea]].
* [[February 20]] - The [[Postal Service Act]], establishing the [[United States Postal Service|United States Post Office Department]], is signed by President [[George Washington]].
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* [[March 16]] - King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] shot in the back by [[Jacob Johan Anckarström]] at a midnight [[Masquerade ball|masquerade]] at the Royal Opera in Stockholm; he lives until March 29, to be succeeded by [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]].
* [[March 20]] - A new capital of [[North Carolina]] and county seat of the newly formed [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]] is established after North Carolina [[State Senator]] and surveyor [[William Christmas]] submits his design for the city. A few months later the capital is officially named [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] in honor of Sir [[Walter Raleigh]].
*April - France goes to war against Austria and Prussia.
* [[April 2]] - The [[Coinage Act (1792)|Coinage Act]] is passed establishing the [[United States Mint]].
* [[April 5]] - [[President of the United States|United States President]] [[George Washington]] [[veto]]s a bill designed to apportion representatives among [[U.S. state]]s. This is the first time the presidential veto has been used in the [[United States]].
* [[April 20]] - [[France]] declares war against [[Austria]].
* [[April 21]] - [[Tiradentes]], prime figure in the [[Inconfidência Mineira]] plot, is executed in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]].
* [[April 24]] - First experimental use of the [[guillotine]] in [[France]].
* [[April 25]]
**[[Highwayman]] [[Nicolas J. Pelletier]] becomes the first person executed by [[guillotine]].
**"[[La Marseillaise]]", the [[France|French]] [[national anthem]], composed by [[Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle]].
* [[May 11]] - Captain [[Robert Gray (sea-captain)|Robert Gray]] becomes the first white man to enter the [[Columbia River]].
* [[May 17]] - [[Buttonwood Agreement]] is signed, beginnings of [[New York Stock Exchange]]
* [[May 21]] - Old lava dome collapses in [[Kyūshū]], [[Japan]] when [[Mount Unzen]] [[volcano]] erupts: resulting [[avalanche]] and [[tsunami]] kills about 14,300 people.
* [[June 4]] - Captain [[George Vancouver]] claims [[Puget Sound]] for [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]].
[[Image:Bataille de Valmy ag1.jpg |thumb|200px|right| [[September 20]]: [[Battle of Valmy]].]]
===July - December===
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* [[August 10]] - [[French Revolution]]: Storming of the [[Tuileries Palace]] - [[Louis XVI of France]] is arrested and taken into custody.
*September - [[George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney]] sails from [[Portsmouth]] to [[China]].
* [[September 2]] - During what became known as the [[September Massacres]] of the [[French Revolution]], rampaging mobs slaughtered three [[Roman Catholic Church]] [[bishop]]s and more than two hundred [[priest]]s.
* [[September 11]] - Six men steal some of the former French Crown jewels from a warehouse where the revolutionary government used to store them.
* [[September 20]] - [[Battle of Valmy]] - French revolutionary army defeats Prussians under Duke of Brunswick after 7-hour artillery duel.
* [[September 21]] - French convention abolishes the monarchy and establishes the [[French First Republic|First Republic]].
* [[September 22]] - Beginning of the [[Calendar era|Era]] of the historical [[French Republican Calendar]].
* [[October 12]] - First celebration of [[Columbus Day]] in the [[United States|USA]] held in [[New York]]; 300 years after.
* [[October 13]] - Foundation of [[Washington, DC]]. The cornerstone of the [[United States]] Executive Mansion, known as the [[White House]] since [[1818]], is laid.
* [[October 29]] - [[Mount Hood]] ([[Oregon]]) is named after the British naval officer [[Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood|Samuel Hood]] by Lt. William E. Broughton, who spotted the mountain near the mouth of the [[Willamette River]].
* [[December 3]] - [[George Washington]] is re-elected [[President of the United States]].
* [[December 26]] - Trial of [[Louis XVI of France]] begins.
[[Image:White-House.jpg |thumb|200px|right| [[October 13]]: [[Washington, DC]] founded.]]
===Undated===
* [[Baptist Missionary Society]] is founded in [[Kettering]], [[England]].
* [[Dominique-Jean Larrey]], chief surgeon of the Grand Armee of France, created the first ambulance wagons specifically designed as ambulances.
* [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]], last emperor, takes office.
* [[Russia]] invades [[Poland]]: [[War in defence of the constitution]].
* King [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]] takes over from his insane mother in [[Portugal]].
* [[Tipu Sultan]] invades [[Kerala]] in [[India]], but is repulsed.
* [[George Vancouver]] explores [[Puget Sound]], becomes first European to see [[Mount Rainier]].
* [[Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach]], an astronomer, publishes "The Tables of the Sun", an essential early work for navigation.
* [[Claude Chappe]] successfully demonstrates the first [[semaphore line]], between Paris and Lille.
* [[William Murdoch]] begins experimenting with [[gas lighting]].
* [[George Anschutz]] constructs first [[blast furnace]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]].
* [[Thomas Holcroft]] produces the play ''Road to Ruin'' in [[London]].
* [[Barthelemy Catherine Joubert]], later general, becomes sub-lieutenant.
* [[Johann Georg Albrechtberger]] becomes [[Kapellmeister]] in [[Vienna]].
* [[State Street Corporation]] is founded.
* Shiloh Meeting House, predecessor of Shiloh United Methodist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia is founded.
* Publication of [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]'s ''[[A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]]''
[[Image:MtHood TrilliumLake.jpg |thumb|200px|right| [[October 29]]: [[Mount Hood]] is named.]]
* First [[written examination]] in Europe were held at [[Cambridge University]], England.
===Ongoing events===
* [[French Revolution]] ([[1789]]-[[1799]]).
* [[French Revolutionary Wars]] (1792-[[1802]]).
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Kansei]] 3 – 4}}
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* [[January 12]] - [[Johann Arfvedson]], Swedish chemist (d. [[1841]])
* [[February 10]] - Captain [[Frederick Marryat]], British author (d. [[1848]])
* [[February 17]] - [[Karl Ernst von Baer]], German naturalist (d. [[1876]])
* [[February 29]] - [[Gioacchino Rossini]], Italian composer (d. [[1868]])
* [[March 3]] - [[Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler]], German church historian (d. [[1854]])
* [[March 4]] - [[Samuel Slocum]], American inventor (d. [[1861]])
* [[March 7]] - [[John Herschel]], English mathematician and astronomer (d. [[1871]])
* [[April 1]] - [[Karl Gottlob Zumpt]], German scholar (d. [[1894]])
* [[April 23]] - [[John Thomas Romney Robinson]], Irish astronomer and physicist (d. [[1882]])
* [[April 25]] - [[John Keble]], British poet (d. [[1866]])
* [[May 13]] - [[Pope Pius IX]] (d. [[1878]])
* [[May 15]] - [[James Mayer Rothschild]], German-born banker (d. [[1868]])
* [[May 17]] - [[Anne Isabella Milbanke]], English wife of [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron]]
*[[May 18]] - [[Margaret Ann Neve]], [[supercentenarian]] (d. [[1903]])
* [[May 21]] - [[Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis]], French engineer and scientist (d. [[1843]])
* [[June 15]] - [[John Pascoe Fawkner]], Pioneer and newspaper publisher in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (d. [[1869]])
* [[June 16]] - [[John Linnell (1792)|John Linnell]], British painter (d. [[1882]])
*[[July 7]] - [[William Henry Smith (businessman)|William Henry Smith]], British businessman (d. [[1865]])
* [[July 10]] - [[George M. Dallas]], U.S. Senator and [[Vice President of the United States]] (d. [[1864]])
* [[June 21]] - [[Ferdinand Christian Baur]], German theologian (d. [[1860]])
* [[August 4]] - [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]], British poet (d. [[1822]])
* [[August 13]] - [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen]], queen of [[William IV of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1849]])
* [[August 18]] - [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1878]])
* [[September 19]] - [[William Backhouse Astor, Sr.]], American business tycoon (d. [[1875]])
* [[September 26]] - [[William Hobson]], first Governor of New Zealand (d. [[1842]])
* [[October 29]] - [[Thomas Livingstone Mitchell]], Explorer and Surveyor-General of New South Wales, Australia (d. [[1855]])
* [[November 11]] - [[Mary Anne Evans]], wife of [[Benjamin Disraeli]] (d. [[1872]])
* [[November 28]] - [[Victor Cousin]], French philosopher (d. [[1867]])
* [[December 1]] - [[Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky]], Russian mathematician (d. [[1856]])
* [[December 6]] - [[William II of the Netherlands]] (d. [[1849]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Matteo Carcassi]], Italian musician and composer (d. [[1853]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1792 births]].''
==Deaths==
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*[[February 15]]- [[John Witherspoon]]
*[[February 23]] - Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]], British painter (b. [[1723]])
*[[March 1]] - [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (b. [[1747]])
*[[March 3]] - [[Robert Adam]], British architect (b. [[1728]])
*[[March 10]] - [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1713]])
*[[March 29]] - King [[Gustav III of Sweden]] (assassinated) (b. [[1746]])
*[[April 3]]
**[[George Pocock]], British admiral (b. [[1706]])
**[[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich]], English statesman (b. [[1718]])
*[[April 4]] - [[James Sykes (delegate)|James Sykes]], American politician (b. [[1725]])
*[[April 14]] - [[Maximilian Hell]], Slovakian astronomer (b. [[1720]])
*[[April 23]] - [[Karl Friedrich Bahrdt]], German theologian and adventurer (b. [[1741]])
*[[April 30]] - [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich]], English statesman (b. [[1718]])
*[[May 10]] - [[John Stevens (New Jersey)|John Stevens]], American delegate to the Continental Congress
*[[May 12]] - [[Charles Simon Favart]], French dramatist (b. [[1710]])
*[[May 24]] - [[George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney]], British naval officer (b. [[1718]])
*[[June 4]] - [[John Burgoyne]], British general (b. [[1723]])
*[[July 3]] - [[Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick]] (b. [[1721]])
*[[July 18]] - [[John Paul Jones]], American naval captain (b. [[1747]])
*[[July 29]] - [[René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou]], Chancellor of France (b. [[1714]])
*[[August 5]] - [[Frederick North, Lord North]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1732]])
*[[August 25]] - [[Jacques Cazotte]], French writer (b. [[1719]])
*[[September 3]] - [[Marie-Louise, princesse de Lamballe|Princesse de Lamballe]], French friend of [[Marie Antoinette]] (murdered)
*[[September 8]] - [[Charles d'Abancourt]], French statesman (b. [[1758]])
*[[September 18]] - [[August Gottlieb Spangenberg]], German religious leader (b. [[1704]])
*[[September 25]] - [[Adam Gottlob Moltke]], Danish statesman (b. [[1710]])
*[[October 7]] - [[George Mason]], American patriot (b. [[1725]])
*[[October 22]] - [[Guillaume Le Gentil]], French astronomer (b. [[1725]])
*[[October 28]]
**[[Paul Möhring]], German physician and scientist (b. [[1710]])
**[[John Smeaton]], English civil engineer (b. [[1724]])
*[[December 15]] - [[Joseph Martin Kraus]], Swedish composer (b. [[1756]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab]], Arabic preacher (b. [[1703]])
{{commonscat}}
: ''See also [[:Category: 1792 deaths]].''
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