17th century 34569 224012845 2008-07-06T22:54:22Z Modernist 1653549 /* 1600s */ m {{Centurybox}} As a means of recording the passage of [[time]], the '''17th Century''' was that [[century]] which lasted from [[1601]]-[[1700]] in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. The 17th Century falls into the [[Early Modern]] period of Europe and was characterized by the [[Baroque]] cultural movement, the French ''Grand Siècle'' dominated by [[Louis XIV]], and the [[Scientific Revolution|beginning of modern science and philosophy]], including the contributions of [[Galileo Galilei]], [[René Descartes]], [[Blaise Pascal]], [[Isaac Newton]]; Europe was torn by warfare throughout the century, by the [[Thirty Years' War]],<ref name"TYW-WNEC">{{cite web|url=http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/30yearswar.html|title=The Thirty-Years-War |publisher=Western New England College|accessdate=2008-05-24}}</ref> the [[Great Turkish War]], the end of the [[Dutch Revolt]] and the [[English Civil War]] among others, while [[European colonization of the Americas]] began in earnest. [[Image:Tokugawa 1.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] is the founder of [[Japan|Japan's]] last shogunate, which lasted well into the [[19th century]].]] In the east, the 17th Century saw the flowering of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]], [[Safavid]] and [[Mughal]] empires, the beginning of the [[Edo period]] in feudal Japan, and the violent transition from the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] to the [[Qing Dynasty]] in China. == Events == === [[1600s]] === *[[Image:Albrecht Wallenstein.jpeg|thumb|200px|Catholic general [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]].]] * [[1601]]: [[Battle of Kinsale]], one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought. * [[1602]]: [[Dutch East India Company]] founded. Its success contributes to the [[Dutch Golden Age]]. * [[1603]]: [[Elizabeth I of England]] dies and is succeeded by her cousin King [[James VI of Scotland]], uniting the crowns of [[Scotland]] and [[England]]. [[Image:JamesIEngland.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[James I of England|James I of England and VI of Scotland]].]] * [[1603]]: [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] seizes control of [[Japan]] and establishes the [[Tokugawa Shogunate]] which rules the country until [[1868]]. * [[1603]]-[[1623|23]]: After modernizing his army, [[Abbas I of Safavid|Abbas I]] expands the [[Safavid]] Empire by capturing territory from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] and the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]]. * [[1605]]: [[Gunpowder Plot]] failed in [[England]]. * [[1606]]: The [[Long War (Ottoman wars)|Long War]] between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Habsburg Monarchy|Austria]] is ended with the [[Peace of Zsitvatorok]]. * [[1606]]: Captain [[Willem Janszoon]] and his crew aboard the Dutch East India Company ship [[Duyfken]] becomes the first recorded Europeans to sight and make landfall in [[Australia]]. * [[1607]]: [[Jamestown, Virginia]], is settled as what would become the first permanent [[England|English]] colony in [[North America]]. * [[1608]]: [[Quebec City]] founded by [[Samuel de Champlain]] in [[New France]] (present-day [[Canada]]). * [[1609]]: The [[Netherlands]] and [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] agree to a [[Twelve Years' Truce]] in the [[Eighty Years' War]]. * [[1609]]: Pedro de Peralta, a later [[Spanish governors of New Mexico|governor of New Mexico]], establishes the settlement of [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]]. * [[1609]]: [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian of Bavaria]] establishes the [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]]. === [[1610s]] === * [[1613]]: The [[Time of Troubles]] in [[Russia]] ends with the establishment of the [[Romanov|House of Romanov]] which rules until [[1917]]. * [[1613]]-[[1617]]: [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] is invaded by the [[Crimean Khanate|Tatars]] dozens of times.<ref>[http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=The_Crimean_Khanate The Tatar Khanate of Crimea]</ref> * [[1616]]: - The last remaining [[Morisco]]s (Moors who had nominally converted to Christianity) in the [[Spain]] are expelled. * [[1618]]: The [[Thirty Years' War#The Bohemian Revolt|Bohemian Revolt]] precipitates the [[Thirty Years' War]] which devastates [[Europe]] in the years [[1618]]-[[1648|48]]. * [[1618]]: The [[Manchu]]s start invading China. Their [[Manchu conquest|conquest]] eventually topples the [[Ming Dynasty]]. === [[1620s]] === [[Image:The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt.jpg|thumbnail|230px|''[[Night Watch (painting)|The Night Watch]]'' or ''The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq'', 1642. Oil on canvas; on display at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.]] * [[1620]]: [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Ferdinand II]] defeats the Bohemian rebels in the [[Battle of White Mountain]]. * [[1620]]: The [[Puritan]] [[Pilgrims]] arrive in the [[Mayflower]] at [[Plymouth Rock]], [[Cape Cod]]. * [[1620]]-[[1621]]: [[Polish-Ottoman War (1620–1621)|Polish-Ottoman War]] over [[Moldavia]]. * [[1622]]: [[Jamestown massacre]]: [[Algonquian]] natives kill 347 [[England|English]] settlers outside [[Jamestown, Virginia]] (1/3 of the colony's population) and burn the [[Henricus]] settlement. * [[1624]]-[[1642|42]]: As chief minister, [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu|Cardinal Richelieu]] centralizes power in France. * [[1625]]: [[New Amsterdam]] founded by the [[Dutch West India Company]] in North America. * [[1626]]: [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in the Vatican completed. * [[1627]]: [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu|Cardinal Richelieu]] lays siege to Protestant [[La Rochelle]] which eventually capitulates. * [[1629]]: [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu|Cardinal Richelieu]] allies with Swedish Protestant forces in the [[Thirty Years' War]] to counter [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II's]] expansion. === [[1630s]] === * [[1632]]: [[Battle of Lützen (1632)|Battle of Lützen]], death of king of [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]] [[Gustav II Adolf]]. * [[1633]]: [[Galileo Galilei]] arrives in [[Rome]] for his trial before the [[Inquisition]]. * [[1634]]: [[Battle of Nördlingen (1634)|Battle of Nördlingen]] results in Catholic victory. * [[1636]]: [[Harvard University| Harvard University]] is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts. * [[1639]]: Naval [[Battle of the Downs]] - [[Republic of the United Provinces]] fleet decisevely defeats a [[Spain|Spanish]] fleet in English waters. * [[1639]]-[[1651|51]]: [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]], civil wars throughout [[Scotland]], [[Ireland]], and [[English Civil War|England]]. === [[1640s]] === [[Image:Miyamoto Musashi Painting.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Utagawa Kuniyoshi]], [[Miyamoto Musashi]] having his fortune told. Print c.1847-1853]] * [[1640]]: King Charles was compelled to summon Parliament due to the revolt of the Scots. * [[1640]]-[[1668|68]]: The [[Portuguese Restoration War]] led to the end of the [[Iberian Union]]. * [[1640]]: [[Torture]] is outlawed in [[England]]. * [[1641]]: The [[Tokugawa Shogunate]] institutes [[Sakoku]]- foreigners are expelled and no one is allowed to enter or leave Japan. * [[1641]]: The [[Irish Rebellion of 1641|Irish Rebellion]]. * [[1642]]: Dutch explorer [[Abel Janszoon Tasman]] achieves the first recorded European sighting of [[New Zealand]]. * [[1642]]-[[1649|49]]: Civil War in England; Charles I is beheaded by Cromwell * [[1644]]: The [[Manchu]] conquer [[China]] ending the [[Ming Dynasty]]. The subsequent [[Qing Dynasty]] rules until [[1912]]. * [[1644]]-[[1674]]: The [[Mauritanian Thirty-Year War]]. * [[1645]]: The death of [[Miyamoto Musashi]], legendary Japanese Samurai warrior of natural causes. * [[1647]]-[[1652]]: The [[Great Plague of Seville]]. [[Image:Europe map 1648.PNG|thumb|240px|Map of Europe in 1648 at the end of the [[Thirty Years' War]].]] * [[1648]]: The [[Peace of Westphalia]] ends the [[Thirty Years' War]] and the [[Eighty Years' War]] and marks the ends of [[Spain]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] as major European powers. * [[1648]]-[[1653|53]]: [[Fronde]] [[civil war]] in France. * [[1648]]-[[1667|67]]: [[The Deluge (Polish history)|The Deluge]] wars leave [[Poland]] in ruins. * [[1648]]-[[1669|69]]: The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] capture [[Crete]] from the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] after the [[Siege of Candia]]. * [[1649]]-[[1653]]: The [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]]. === [[1650s]] === * [[1652]]: [[Cape Town]] founded by the Dutch East India Company in [[South Africa]]. * [[1652]]: [[Anglo-Dutch Wars]] begin. * [[1655]]-[[1661|61]]: The [[Northern Wars]] cement [[Swedish Empire|Sweden's]] rise as a [[Rise of Sweden as a Great Power|Great Power]]. * [[1648]]: After his father [[Shah Jahan]] completes the [[Taj Mahal]], his son [[Aurangzeb]] deposes him as ruler of the [[Mughal Empire]]. === [[1660s]] === * [[1660]]: The [[Commonwealth of England]] ends and the monarchy is brought back during the [[English Restoration]]. * [[1660]]: [[Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge]] founded. * [[1661]]: The reign of the [[Kangxi Emperor]] of China begins. [[Image:IV Mehmet.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Sultan [[Mehmed IV]]]] * [[1662]]: [[Koxinga]] captures [[Taiwan]] from the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and founds the [[Kingdom of Tungning]] which rules until 1683. *[[1662]]: [[Jacques Aymar-Vernay]], who later reintroduced [[Dowsing]] into popular use in [[Europe]], is born. * [[1663]]: France takes full political and military [[Royal Takeover|control]] over its colonial possessions in [[New France]]. Hooke's microscope discovers cells * [[1664]]: British troops capture New Amsterdam and rename it [[New York City|New York]]. * [[1665]]: The [[Great Plague of London]]. * [[1665]]: [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]] defeats the [[Kongo Empire]]. * [[1666]]: The [[Great Fire of London]]. * [[1667]]-[[1699|99]]: The [[Great Turkish War]] halts the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s expansion into Europe. * [[1668]]- Peace [[Treaty of Lisbon (1668)|Treaty of Lisbon]] between Spain and Portugal recognizes Portugal as independent country. === [[1670s]] === * [[1670]]: The [[Hudson's Bay Company]] is founded in [[Canada]]. * [[1672]]-[[1676]]: [[Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676)|Polish-Ottoman War]] * [[1672]]: [[Rampjaar]] in the Netherlands - Combined attack by [[France]], [[England]] and two [[Germany|German]] states on the [[Republic of the United Provinces]] * [[1672]]: Lynching of [[Johan de Witt]] and his brother [[Cornelis de Witt]] in [[the Hague]] - [[William III of Orange]] takes power. * [[1672]]-[[1678|78]]: [[Franco-Dutch War]] * [[1674]]: [[Maratha Empire]] founded in [[India]] by [[Shivaji]]. * [[1676]]: Russia and the [[Ottoman Empire]] commence the [[Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)|Russo-Turkish Wars]]. === [[1680s]] === * [[1680]]: The [[Pueblo Revolt]] drives the Spanish out of [[New Mexico]] until 1692. * [[1682]]: [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] becomes joint ruler of [[Russia]] (sole [[tsar]] in [[1696]]). * [[1682]]: [[René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle|La Salle]] explores the length of the [[Mississippi River]] and claims [[Louisiana]] for France. * [[1683]]: [[China]] conquers the [[Kingdom of Tungning]] and annexes [[Taiwan]]. [[Image:Taniec tatarski.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Crimean Khanate|Crimean Tatar]] soldier fighting with the soldier of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Europe's [[Wild Fields|steppe frontier]] was in a state of semi-permanent warfare until the 18th century.]] * [[1683]]: The [[Battle of Vienna]] finishes the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s hegemony in south-eastern Europe. * [[1685]]: [[Edict of Fontainebleau]] outlaws [[Protestantism]] in France. King Charles II dies * [[1687]]: [[Isaac Newton]] publishes ''[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]''. * [[1688]]-[[1689|89]]: After the [[Glorious Revolution]], England becomes a [[constitutional monarchy]] and the [[Dutch Republic]] goes into decline. * [[1688]]-[[1697|97]]: The [[Grand Alliance]] sought to stop French expansion during the [[Nine Years War]]. * [[1689]]: The [[Treaty of Nerchinsk]] established a border between [[Russia]] and [[China]]. * [[1689]]: The [[Battle of Killiecrankie]] is fought between [[Jacobite]] and [[Williamite]] forces in Highland [[Perthshire]] === [[1690s]] === * [[1692]]: [[Salem witch trials]] in [[Massachusetts Bay Colony|Massachusetts]]. * [[1693]]-[[1694]]: [[Famine]] in [[France]] kills 2 million. * [[1696]]-[[1697]]: [[List of famines|Famine]] in [[Finland]] wipes out almost a third of the population. ==Significant people== {{see also|English Restoration|}} [[Image:AnnaofAustria01.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Peter Paul Rubens]], ''[[Anne of Austria]], Queen of France, mother of [[King Louis XIV]],'' 1622-1625]] * [[Anne of Austria]], Queen consort and regent of France ([[1601]] - [[1666]]) * [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]], [[Monarch of Sweden|King of Sweden]] ([[1594]]-[[1632]]) * [[Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan]], lover of [[Louis XIV]] ([[1641]] - [[1707]]) * [[Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon]], second wife of [[Louis XIV]] ([[1635]] - [[1719]]) [[Image:Johann Sebastian Bach.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Elias Gottlieb Haussmann]], ''[[Johann Sebastian Bach]],'' 1748]] * [[Guru Teg Bahadur]], 9th Sikh Guru ([[1621]] - [[1675]]) * [[Gabriel Bethlen]], Hungarian prince of Transylvania ([[1580]]-[[1629]]) * [[Shivaji|Shivaji Bhonsle]], Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj ([[1630]]-[[1680]]) * Queen [[Christina of Sweden]], high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts ([[1626]] - [[1689]]) * [[Charles I of England]] ([[1600]] - [[1649]]) * [[Charles II of England]] ([[1630]] - [[1685]]) * [[Oliver Cromwell]], [[Lord Protector]] of [[England]], [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]] ([[1599]] - [[1658]]) * [[Richard Cromwell]], [[Lord Protector]] of [[England]], [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]] ([[1626]] - [[1712]]) * [[Elizabeth I of England]] ([[1533]] - [[1603]]) [[Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg|right|thumb|180px|[[Galileo Galilei]] is often referred to as the Father of Modern [[Astronomy]].]] * [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], The founder and first [[shogun]] of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of [[Japan]], ([[1543]] - [[1616]]) * [[James I of England]] ([[1566]] - [[1625]]) * [[James II of England]] ([[1633]] - [[1701]]) [[Image:Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.png|thumb|180px|right|[[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]], the first person to use a [[microscope]] to view bacteria ]] * [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], [[Holy Roman Emperor]] ([[1640]] - [[1705]]) * [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], King of France ([[1638]] - [[1715]]) * [[Mary II of England]] ([[1662]] - [[1694]]) * [[Cardinal Mazarin]], French cardinal and politician of Italian origin ([[1602]] - [[1661]]) [[Image:P03jigazou.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Miyamoto Musashi]], ''[[Self-portrait]],'' [[Samurai]], writer and artist, c. 1640]] [[Image:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Sir Isaac Newton]] at 46 in [[Godfrey Kneller]]'s 1689 portrait.]] * [[André Le Nôtre]], French landscape architect ([[1613]] - [[1700]]) * [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]], Russian tsar ([[1672]] - [[1725]]) * [[Philip IV of Spain]], Spanish king ([[1605]] - [[1665]]) * [[Popé]], Tewa religious leader, led the [[Pueblo Revolt]] (ca. [[1630]] - ca. [[1688]]) * [[Samarth Ramdas]], Hindu saint ([[1608]] - [[1681]]) * [[Cardinal Richelieu]], French cardinal, duke, and politician ([[1585]] - [[1642]]) [[Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 132.jpg|thumb|180px|Self portrait by [[Rembrandt]], c. 1655.]] * [[Michiel de Ruyter]], Dutch admiral ([[1607]] - [[1676]]) * [[John III Sobieski, King of Poland|Jan III Sobieski]], King of Poland ([[1629]] - [[1696]]) * [[Tessouat]], Chief of the [[Algonquin]] * [[Imre Thököly]], prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in [[Hungary]] ([[1657]] - [[1705]]) * [[Sant Tukaram]], Hindu saint ([[1600]] - [[1650]]) * [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]], Catholic German general in the [[Thirty Years' War]] ([[1583]] - [[1634]]) * [[William III of England]] ([[1650]] - [[1702]]), [[Stadtholder]] of the main provinces of the [[Republic of the United Provinces]] and [[King of England]] * [[Johan de Witt]], [[Grand Pensionary]] of the [[Republic of the United Provinces]] - [[1625]] - [[1672]] [[Image:Zurbaranselfportrait.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Probable [[self-portrait]] of [[Francisco Zurbarán]] as [[Saint Luke]], c. 1635-1640.<ref>[http://www.humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=g&p=c&a=p&ID=1396 Saint Luke as a Painter before Christ on the Cross.] Humanities Web. Retrieved 30 September, 2007.</ref>]] ===Musicians and Composers=== {{see also|List of Baroque composers}} * [[Johann Christoph Bach]], Composer and great-uncle of the genius, ([[1642]]–[[1703]]) * [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], German composer of genius([[1685]]-[[1750]]) * [[Georg Friedrich Handel]], German Composer ([[1685]]-[[1759]]) * [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]], Italian-born French composer ([[1632]] - [[1687]]) * [[Claudio Monteverdi]], Italian composer of Renaissance and Baroque music, and possibly the first opera ever ([[1567]] - [[1643]]) * [[Johann Pachelbel]] ([[1653]]–[[1706]]), German composer * [[Henry Purcell]], English composer ([[1659]] - [[1695]]) * [[Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe]], French composer and the subject of a 1991 film ''[[Tous les matins du monde]]'' (c. [[1640]] - [[1700]]) *[[Antonio Vivaldi]] Italian composer (four seasons concerti) ([[1678]]-[[1741]]) ===Visual artists=== {{see also|Baroque painting|Baroque sculpture}} * [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]], Italian sculptor, architect ([[1598]] - [[1680]]) * [[Francesco Borromini]], Italian sculptor, architect ([[1599]]-[[1667]]) * [[Frans Hals]] ([[1580]]-[[1666]]) * [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]], Spanish painter ([[1617]] - [[1682]]) *[[José de Ribera]], ''Lo Spagnoletto'' (1591 - 1652) * [[Rembrandt van Rijn]], Dutch painter ([[1606]] - [[1669]]) * [[Peter Paul Rubens]], Flemish painter, [[1577]] – [[1640]] * [[Jan Steen]] ([[1626]]-[[1679]]) * [[Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael|Ruisdael]] ([[1628]]-[[1682]]) * [[Jiang Tingxi]], Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign delegate to Japan ([[1669]] - [[1732]]) * [[Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez]], Spanish painter ([[1599]]-[[1660]]) * [[Johannes Vermeer]], Dutch Painter ([[1632]] - [[1675]]) *[[Francisco Zurbarán]], Spanish Painter (1598 - 1664) ===Literature=== {{see also|Elizabethan era|French literature of the 17th century}} * [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca]], Spanish dramatist ([[1600]] - [[1681]]) * [[Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra]], Spanish author ([[1574]] - [[1616]]) * [[Pierre Corneille]], French dramatist ([[1606]] - [[1684]]) * [[Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux]], French poet and critic ([[1636]] - [[1711]]) * [[Daniel Defoe]], English writer, novelist ([[1659]] or [[1661]] - [[1731]]) * [[John Donne]], English [[Metaphysical Poetry|metaphysical poet]] ([[1572]] - [[1631]]) * [[John Dryden]], English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright ([[1631]] - [[1700]]) * [[Jean de La Fontaine]], French poet ([[1621]] - [[1695]]) * [[Andreas Gryphius]], German poet and dramatist ([[1616]] - [[1664]]) * [[Ben Jonson]], English dramatist c.[[1572]] - [[1637]]) * [[John Milton]], English author and poet ([[1608]] - [[1674]]) * [[Molière]], French dramatist, actor, director ([[1622]] - [[1673]]) * [[Miyamoto Musashi]], famous [[Samurai]] warrior in [[Japan]], author of '[[The Book of Five Rings]],' a treatise on [[strategy]] and martial combat, poet, painter, ([[1584]] - [[1645]]) * [[Samuel Pepys]], English civil servant and diarist ([[1633]] - [[1703]]) * [[Francisco de Quevedo]], Spanish writer ([[1580]] - [[1645]]) * [[Jean Racine]], French dramatist ([[1639]] - [[1699]]) * [[William Shakespeare]], English author and poet ([[1564]] - [[1616]]) * [[Félix Lope de Vega]], Spanish playwrigth and poet ([[1562]] - [[1635]]) * [[John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester]], English poet ([[1647]] - [[1680]]) ===Educators=== * [[Seathrún Céitinn]], Irish historian (ca. [[1569]] - ca. [[1644]]) * [[Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh]], Irish historian and genealogist (d.[[1671]]) * [[Xu Xiake]], Chinese geographer ([[1587]]-[[1641]]) * [[Song Yingxing]], Chinese encyclopedist ([[1587]]-[[1666]]) ===Exploration=== {{see also|Exploration}} * [[Samuel De Champlain]], French Explorer * [[Evliya Çelebi]], Ottoman Explorer * [[Henry Hudson]], ([[1570]]? &ndash; [[1611]]) was an [[England|English]] [[sea explorer]] and [[navigator]] in the early 17th century. * [[Abel Janszoon Tasman]], Dutch seafarer and [[explorer]] ([[1603]] - [[1659]]) *[[Luis Váez de Torres]], (c.1565-1607), Portuguese or Spanish Explorer. 16th-17th century exploration of the Pacific for Spain. ===Science and Philosophy=== {{see also|Scientific Revolution|Age of Reason}} * [[Francis Bacon (philosopher)|Francis Bacon]], English philosopher and politician ([[1561]]-[[1626]]) * Sir [[Thomas Browne]], English author, philosopher and scientist ([[1605]]-[[1682]]) * [[Ismaël Bullialdus]], French astronomer, ([[1605]]-[[1694]]) * [[Abraham Darby I]], English Ironmaster, Introduced the first coke-consuming blast furnace ([[1678]] – [[1717]]) * [[René Descartes]], French philosopher and mathematician ([[1596]] - [[1650]]) * [[Pierre de Fermat]], French lawyer and mathematician [[1601]] – [[1665]] * [[Galileo Galilei]], Italian natural philosopher ([[1564]] - [[1642]]) * [[Pierre Gassendi]], ([[1592]] &ndash; [[1655]]), [[France|French]] [[philosopher]], [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]], [[scientist]], [[astronomer]]/[[astrologer]] [http://www.skepticreport.com/predictions/newton.htm], and [[mathematician]] * [[William Harvey]], medical doctor ([[1578]] – [[1657]]) * [[Thomas Hobbes]], English philosopher and mathematician ([[1588]] - [[1679]]) * [[Christiaan Huygens]], Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer ([[1629]] - [[1695]]) * [[Johannes Kepler]], German astronomer ([[1571]] - [[1630]]) * [[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]], the first person to use a [[microscope]] to view bacteria ([[1632]] - [[1723]]) * [[Gottfried Leibniz]], German philosopher and mathematician ([[1646]] - [[1716]]) * [[John Locke]], English philosopher ([[1632]] - [[1704]]) * [[Marin Mersenne]], ([[1588]] &ndash; [[1648]]), [[France|French]] [[theology|theologian]], [[philosopher]], [[mathematician]] and [[Music theory|music theorist]], referred to as the ''father of [[acoustics]].'' * [[Isaac Newton]], English physicist and mathematician ([[1642]] - [[1727]]) * [[Blaise Pascal]], French theologian, mathematician and physicist ([[1623]] - [[1662]] * [[Baruch Spinoza]], Dutch philosopher ([[1632]] - [[1677]]) *Sir [[Anthony Weldon]] ([[1583]]-[[1648]]), [[English_people|English]] courtier and politician. == Inventions, discoveries, introductions == [[Timeline of invention#17th century|List of 17th century inventions]] [[Image:Johannes Kepler 1610.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Johannes Kepler]], 1610]] Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the [[Scientific revolution]]. * [[Banknote]]s reintroduced in Europe * [[Ice cream]] * [[Tea]] and [[Coffeehouse|coffee]] become popular in Europe. * [[Banking|Central Banking]] in France and [[Finance|modern Finance]] by Scottish economist [[John Law (economist)|John Law]] * [[1604]]: Supernova [[SN 1604]] is observed in the [[Milky Way]] * [[1605]]: [[Johannes Kepler]] starts investigating [[Kepler's laws of planetary motion|elliptical orbits]] of planets * [[1608]]: [[Hans Lippershey]] constructs a [[refracting telescope]], the first for which sufficient evidence exists * [[1609]]: [[Johann Carolas]] of Germany publishes the 'Relation', the first newspaper * [[1610]]: The [[Orion Nebula]] is identified by [[Nicolas de Peiresc]] of France * [[1610]]: [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Simon Marius]] observe [[Jupiter]]'s [[Galilean Moons|Galilean moons]] * [[1611]]: [[King James Version|King James Bible]] or 'Authorized Version' first published * c. [[1612]]: The first flintlock musket likely created for Louis XIII of France by gunsmith [[Marin de Bourgeoys]] * [[1614]]: [[John Napier]] introduces the [[logarithm]] to simplify calculations * [[1620]]: [[Cornelius Drebbei]], funded by [[James I of England|James I]] of [[England]], builds the first '[[submarine]]' made of wood and greased leather [[Image:denis Papin.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Denis Papin]], best known for his pioneering invention of the [[steam digester]], the forerunner of the [[steam engine]].]] * [[1623]]: The first English dictionary, 'English Dictionarie' is published by [[Henry Cockeram]], listing difficult words with definitions * [[1628]]: [[William Harvey]] publishes and elucidates his earlier discovery of the [[Systemic circulation|circulatory system]] * [[1637]]: Dutch Bible published * [[1637]]: [[Teatro San Cassiano]], the first public opera house, opened in Venice * [[1637]]: [[Pierre de Fermat]] formulates his so-called [[Fermat's Last Theorem|Last Theorem]], unsolved until 1995 * [[1637]]: Although Chinese [[naval mine]]s were earlier described in the 14th century ''[[Huolongjing]]'', the ''Tian Gong Kai Wu'' book of [[Ming Dynasty]] scholar [[Song Yingxing]] describes naval mines wrapped in a [[lacquer]] bag and ignited by an ambusher pulling a rip cord on the nearby shore that triggers a steel-wheel [[flint]] mechanism. * [[1642]]: [[Blaise Pascal]] builds an early mechanical [[Pascal's calculator|calculator]] for addition and subtraction * [[1642]]: [[Mezzotint]] engraving introduces grey tones to printed images * [[1643]]: [[Evangelista Torricelli]] of [[Italy]] invents the mercury [[barometer]] * [[1645]]: [[Giacomo Torelli]] of [[Venice]], [[Italy]] invents the first rotating stage * [[1651]]: [[Giovanni Battista Riccioli|Giovanni Riccioli]] renames the [[Lunar mare]] * [[1656]]: [[Christiaan Huygens]] describes the true shape of the [[rings of Saturn]] * [[1657]]: [[Christiaan Huygens]] develops the first functional [[pendulum clock]] based on the learnings of [[Galileo Galilei]] * [[1659]]: [[Christiaan Huygens]] first to observe surface details of [[Mars]] [[Image:Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz]], c.1700]] * [[1663]]: The first reflecting [[telescope]] is built by [[James Gregory (astronomer and mathematician)|James Gregory]] based on suggestions of Italian astronomer [[Niccolo Zucchi]] * c. [[1670]]: Monk [[Dom Pérignon (person)|Dom Perignon]] discovers [[Champagne (wine)|Champagne]] in [[France]] * [[1676]]: [[Antoni van Leeuwenhoek]] discovers [[Bacteria]] * [[1676]]: First measurement of the [[speed of light]] * [[1679]]: [[Binary numeral system|Binary system]] developed by [[Gottfried Leibnitz]] * [[1684]]: [[Calculus]] independently developed by both [[Gottfried Leibnitz]] and [[Sir Issac Newton]] and used to formulate [[classical mechanics]] == References == <references/> == Decades and years == {{DecadesAndYears}} {{Centuries}} [[Category:2nd millennium]] [[Category:17th century| ]] [[Category:Centuries]] [[af:17de eeu]] [[als:17. Jahrhundert]] [[ar:قرن 17]] [[an:Sieglo XVII]] [[ast:Sieglu XVII]] [[az:XVII əsr]] [[be:17 стагоддзе]] [[be-x-old:17 стагодзьдзе]] [[bs:17. vijek]] [[br:XVIIvet kantved]] [[bg:17 век]] [[ca:Segle XVII]] [[cv:XVII ĕмĕр]] [[cs:17. století]] [[cy:17eg ganrif]] [[da:17. århundrede]] [[de:17. Jahrhundert]] [[et:17. sajand]] [[el:17ος αιώνας]] [[es:Siglo XVII]] [[eo:17-a jarcento]] [[eu:XVII. mendea]] [[fa:سده ۱۷ (میلادی)]] [[fo:17. øld]] [[fr:XVIIe siècle]] [[fy:17e ieu]] [[ga:17ú haois]] [[gan:17世紀]] [[gv:17oo eash]] [[gd:17mh Linn]] [[gl:Século XVII]] [[ko:17세기]] [[hy:17-րդ դար]] [[hr:17. stoljeće]] [[io:17ma yar-cento]] [[id:Abad ke-17]] [[os:XVII æнус]] [[is:17. öldin]] [[it:XVII secolo]] [[he:המאה ה-17]] [[jv:Abad kaping-17]] [[ka:XVII საუკუნე]] [[kk:17 ғ.]] [[kw:17ves kansblydhen]] [[ku:Sedsala 17'an]] [[la:Saeculum 17]] [[lv:17. gadsimts]] [[lb:17. Joerhonnert]] [[lt:XVII amžius]] [[lij:XVII secolo]] [[li:Zeventiende iew]] [[hu:17. század]] [[mk:17 век]] [[mt:Seklu XVII]] [[mi:Rautau 17]] [[mr:इ.स.चे १७ वे शतक]] [[ms:Abad ke-17]] [[nl:17e eeuw]] [[nds-nl:17e eeuw]] [[ja:17世紀]] [[no:17. århundre]] [[nn:1600-talet]] [[nrm:XVIIe s.]] [[nov:17esmi sekle]] [[oc:Sègle XVII]] [[uz:XVII asr]] [[nds:17. Johrhunnert]] [[pl:XVII wiek]] [[pt:Século XVII]] [[ksh:17. Joohunndot]] [[ro:Secolul al XVII-lea]] [[ru:XVII век]] [[stq:17. Jierhunnert]] [[sq:Shekulli XVII]] [[scn:Sèculu XVII]] [[simple:17th century]] [[sk:17. storočie]] [[sl:17. stoletje]] [[sr:17. век]] [[sh:17. vijek]] [[su:Abad ka-17]] [[fi:1600-luku]] [[sv:1600-talet]] [[ta:17ம் நூற்றாண்டு]] [[th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 17]] [[vi:Thế kỷ 17]] [[tr:17. yüzyıl]] [[uk:17 століття]] [[vec:XVII secoło]] [[fiu-vro:17. aastagasada]] [[wa:17inme sieke]] [[yi:17טער י"ה]] [[bat-smg:XVII omžios]] [[zh:17世纪]]