1812 34949 225765389 2008-07-15T08:35:18Z VolkovBot 3035831 robot Adding: [[vo:1812]] {{otheruses|1812 (disambiguation)}} {{year nav|1812}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1812 ''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXII]]'''), a [[leap year starting on Wednesday|leap year, started on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1812== ===January - March=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 1]] - the [[Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch]], the [[Austria]]n [[civil code]] enters into force in the [[Austrian Empire]]. * [[February 2]] - [[Russia]] establishes a fur trading colony at [[Fort Ross, California]]. * [[February 7]] - The last [[New Madrid Earthquake]] strikes [[New Madrid, Missouri]], with an estimated [[moment magnitude]] of over 8. * [[February 11]] - [[Massachusetts]] [[governor]] [[Elbridge Gerry]] invents [[gerrymandering]]. * [[February 12]] - [[Napoleon]] authorised the usage of Mesures usuelles, the basis of the [[Metric System]]. * [[February 27]] - [[Poet]] [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Lord Byron]] gives his first address as a member of the [[House of Lords]], in defense of [[Luddite]] violence against [[Industrialism]] in his home county of [[Nottinghamshire]]. * [[March 12]] - The [[Cádiz Cortes]], in exile, create the first modern [[Spanish Constitution of 1812|Spanish constitution]]. * [[March 15]] - [[Luddites]] attack [[wool]] processing factory of [[Frank Vickerman]] in [[West Yorkshire]]. * [[March 26]] - An [[earthquake]] destroys [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]]. ===April - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[April 4]] - [[U.S. President]] [[James Madison]] enacted a ninety-day [[embargo]] on trade with the [[United Kingdom]]. * [[April 30]] - [[Louisiana]] is admitted as the 18th [[U.S. state]]. * [[May 11]] - [[John Bellingham]] assassinates [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[Prime Minister]] [[Spencer Perceval]] in the lobby of the [[British House of Commons]]. * [[May 25]] - [[Felling mine disaster]]: Mine explosion at [[Felling (UK)|Felling]] [[colliery]] near [[Jarrow]], [[England]] - 96 dead. * [[May 28]] - Russian Field Marshal [[Mikhail Kutuzov]] signs the [[Treaty of Bucharest, 1812|Treaty of Bucharest]], ending the [[Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812]] and making [[Bessarabia]] a part of [[Imperial Russia]]. * [[June 1]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[U.S.]] [[President]] [[James Madison]] asks the [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] to declare war on the [[United Kingdom]]. * [[June 4]] - Following [[Louisiana]]'s admittance as a [[U.S. state]], the territory by that name was renamed to [[Missouri Territory]]. * [[June 18]] - The [[War of 1812]] begins between the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. * [[June 24]] - [[Napoleon]]'s [[Grande Armée]] crosses the [[Niemen river]] and invades [[Russia]] (see [[Patriotic War of 1812]]). ===July - September=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 12]] - [[United States|Americans]] invade [[Canada]] at [[Windsor, Ontario]]. * [[July 18]] - [[Russia's Patriotic War]]: [[Battle of Klyastitsy]] - [[Kulnev]] defeats [[Oudinot]] but sustains a mortal wound. * [[July 22]] - [[Peninsular War]]: [[Battle of Salamanca]] - [[United Kingdom|British]] forces led by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Lord Wellington]] defeat [[France|French]] troops near [[Salamanca]] in [[Spain]]. * [[August 5]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Tecumseh]]'s [[Indigenous peoples in the United States|Indian]] force ambushes [[Thomas Van Horne]]'s 200 [[United States|Americans]] at [[Brownstone Creek]], causing them to flee and retreat. * [[August 12]] - [[Peninsular War]]: The combined English and Portuguese army under the command of [[Wellington]] enters [[Madrid]] following the [[Battle of Salamanca]]. * [[August 16]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[United States|American]] [[General]] [[William Hull]] surrenders [[Fort Shelby (Michigan)|Fort Detroit]] without a fight to the [[British Army]]. * [[August 19]] - [[War of 1812]]: ''[[USS Constitution]]'' defeats the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] frigate ''[[Guerrière]]'' off the coast of [[Nova Scotia]]. The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] shot is said to have bounced off the ''[[Constitution]]'' 's sides, earning her the nickname "[[Old Ironsides]]". * [[September 7]] - [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Borodino]] - the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic wars comes to a draw. * [[September 14]] - [[Napoleon]]'s troops enter [[Moscow]] deliberately set [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|on fire]] by Muscovites on orders of [[Fyodor Rostopchin]]. [[Image:Raevsky battery.jpg|thumb|none|570px|<center>[[Nikolay Raevsky|Raevsky]] Battery in the [[Battle of Borodino]].</center>]] {{-}} ===October - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[October]] - The [[Capital]] of the [[Pennsylvania|Commonwealth of Pennsylvania]], [[United States]] was permanently moved from [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]] to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]. * [[October 9]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[United States|American]] naval forces under [[Jesse Elliott|Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott]] capture two [[United Kingdom|British]] warships, ''[[HMS Detroit]]'' and ''[[HMS Caledonia (1810)|HMS Caledonia]]''. * [[October 13]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of Queenston Heights]] - As part of the [[Niagara campaign]] in [[Ontario, Canada]], [[United States]] forces under [[General]] [[Stephen Van Rensselaer]] are repulsed from invading [[Canada]] by [[United Kingdom|British]] and native troops led by Sir [[Isaac Brock]] (although he dies during the battle). * [[October 18]]-[[October 20]] - [[Second Battle of Polotsk]] - Russia * [[October 19]] - [[Napoleon]] begins his retreat from [[Moscow]]. * [[October 24]] - [[Napoleonic Wars]] - [[Battle of Maloyaroslavets]] - an inconclusive encounter between the [[France|French]] vanguard and a [[Russia]]n force leads [[Napoleon]] to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results. * [[November 5]] - [[James Madison]] defeats [[DeWitt Clinton]] in the [[U.S. presidential election, 1812|U.S. presidential election]]. * [[November 7]] - [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Vyazma]] - Napoleon's retreating army is defeated. * [[November 10]]: A [[United Kingdom general election, 1812|general election]] in the United Kingdom sees victory for the [[Tory]] Party under [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool]]. ===Undated=== * [[Bishop James Madison Society]] founded at the [[College of William & Mary]], [[Williamsburg, Virginia]]. * The Old Oscar Pepper Distillery (now the [[Woodford Reserve|Woodford Reserve Distillery]]), the oldest [[Kentucky]] [[Bourbon whiskey|Bourbon]] [[distillery]], is established along [[Glenn's Creek]] in [[Woodford County, Kentucky]]. * [[Capital]] of [[Finland]] moved from [[Turku]] to [[Helsinki]]. ===Ongoing events=== * [[Napoleonic Wars]] ([[1799]]-[[1815]])-[[Peninsular War]]/[[Sixth Coalition]]/[[Patriotic War of 1812]] * [[War of 1812]] (1812-[[1815]]) ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Bunka]] 8 &ndash; 9}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 6]] - [[Melchora Aquino]], Filipino revolutionary hero (d. [[1919]]) * [[January 13]] - [[Victor de Laprade]], French poet and critic (d. [[1883]]) * [[February 3]] - [[William Fraser Tolmie]], Scottish-Canadian scientist and politician (d. [[1886]]) * [[February 7]] - [[Charles Dickens]], English writer (d. [[1870]]) * [[February 11]] - [[Alexander Hamilton Stephens]], Vice President of Confederate States of America (d. [[1883]]) * [[February 15]] - [[Charles Lewis Tiffany]], American jeweler (d. [[1902]]) * [[March 1]] - [[Augustus Pugin]], English-born architect (d. [[1852]]) * [[March 6]] - [[Aaron Lufkin Dennison]] American watch manufacturer (d. [[1895]]) * [[March 22]] - [[Stephen Pearl Andrews]], American anarchist and abolitionist (d. [[1886]]) * [[April 22]] - [[Solomon Caesar Malan]], Swiss-born orientalist (d. [[1894]]) * [[April 27]] **[[Friedrich von Flotow]], German composer (d. [[1883]]) **[[William W. Snow]], American politician (d. [[1886]]) * [[May 7]] - [[Robert Browning]], English poet (d. [[1889]]) * [[June 9]] - [[Johann Gottfried Galle]], German astronomer (d. [[1910]]) * [[June 14]] - [[Fernando Wood]], New York City Mayor (d. [[1881]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 2]] - [[Nathaniel de Rothschild]], French wine grower (d. [[1870]]) * [[November 14]] - [[Aleardo Aleardi]], Italian poet (d. [[1878]]) * [[December 24]] - [[Karl Eduard Zachariae]], German jurist (d. [[1894]]) * [[Mohan Lal (Zutshi)]], Indian traveler (d. [[1877]]) ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 23]] - [[Robert Craufurd]], British general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. [[1764]]) *[[March 7]] - [[Isaac Swainson]], English botanist (b. [[1746]]) *[[April 20]] - [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]], 4th [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1739]]) *[[April 25]] - [[Edmond Malone]], Irish scholar (b. [[1741]]) *[[May 11]] - [[Spencer Perceval]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (assassinated) (b. [[1762]]) *[[May 12]] - [[Martha Ballard]], American diarist and midwife ===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[September 19]] - [[Mayer Amschel Rothschild]], German banker (b. [[1744]]) *[[October 13]] - [[Isaac Brock]], British general (killed in battle) (b. [[1769]]) *[[December 20]] - [[Sacagawea]], Shoshone guide *[[December 24]] - [[George Beck]], American artist and poet (b. [[1749]]) [[Category:1812| ]] * [[marie]] [[1812]] [[2005]], [[af:1812]] [[am:1812 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1812]] [[an:1812]] [[ast:1812]] [[az:1812]] [[bn:১৮১২]] [[map-bms:1812]] [[be:1812]] [[be-x-old:1812]] [[bh:१८१२]] [[bs:1812]] [[br:1812]] [[bg:1812]] [[ca:1812]] [[cv:1812]] [[ceb:1812]] [[cs:1812]] [[co:1812]] [[cy:1812]] [[da:1812]] [[de:1812]] [[et:1812]] [[el:1812]] [[es:1812]] [[eo:1812]] [[eu:1812]] [[fr:1812]] [[fy:1812]] [[ga:1812]] [[gd:1812]] [[gl:1812]] [[ko:1812년]] [[hy:1812]] [[hi:1812]] [[hr:1812.]] [[io:1812]] [[bpy:মারি ১৮১২]] [[id:1812]] [[ia:1812]] [[os:1812]] [[is:1812]] [[it:1812]] [[he:1812]] [[jv:1812]] [[ka:1812]] [[csb:1812]] [[sw:1812]] [[ht:1812 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1812]] [[lb:1812]] [[lt:1812 m.]] [[lij:1812]] [[jbo:1812moi nanca]] [[hu:1812]] [[mk:1812]] [[mi:1812]] [[mr:इ.स. १८१२]] [[ms:1812]] [[nah:1812]] [[nl:1812]] [[new:ई सं १८१२]] [[ja:1812年]] [[nap:1812]] [[no:1812]] [[nn:1812]] [[nrm:1812]] [[nov:1812]] [[oc:1812]] [[uz:1812]] [[pi:१८१२]] [[nds:1812]] [[pl:1812]] [[pt:1812]] [[ksh:Joohr 1812]] [[ro:1812]] [[ru:1812 год]] [[se:1812]] [[sa:१८१२]] [[sq:1812]] [[scn:1812]] [[simple:1812]] [[sk:1812]] [[sl:1812]] [[sr:1812]] [[su:1812]] [[fi:1812]] [[sv:1812]] [[tl:1812]] [[ta:1812]] [[te:1812]] [[tet:1812]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2355]] [[tr:1812]] [[uk:1812]] [[vec:1812]] [[vo:1812]] [[wa:1812]] [[yi:1812]] [[zh-yue:1812年]] [[zh:1812年]]