1813
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{{year nav|1813}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1813''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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==Events of 1813==
===January - March===
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*[[January 28]] - [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'' is published.
* [[February 11]] - [[Fort Meigs]]: Leftwich is not successful, and when he leaves, Major Amos Stoddard assumes the command of the post.
* [[February 26]] - The Secretary of War orders Colonel R. M. Johnson to hold in readiness (reserves) a regiment of mounted volunteers who will serve from 4-6 months after being called into active service.
* February late- General Harrison sends out an expedition to burn the British vessels at [[Malden]] by going across [[Lake Erie]] via the [[Bass Islands]] in sleighs, but the ice is not hard enough and the expedition returns.
* [[March 4]] - [[James Madison]] is sworn in as [[President of the United States]], for his second term.
* [[March 22]] - Col. R. M. Johnson puts out an order for raising a regiment of mounted volunteers in [[Kentucky]].
* [[March 29]] - [[Battle of Rosillo Creek]] in [[Bexar County, Texas]].
===April - June===
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* [[April 8]] - Colonel [[James Ball]] arrives at [[Fort Meigs]] with 200 [[dragoon]]s.
* [[April 27]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of York]] - [[United States]] troops raid, destroy, but do not hold the capital of [[Ontario]], York (present day [[Toronto, Ontario]]).
* [[May 2]] - [[Napoleon]] wins the [[Battle of Lützen (1813)|Battle of Lützen]]
* [[May 11]]- [[Gregory Blaxland]], [[William Lawson]] and [[William Wentworth]] left on an expedition to cross the [[Blue Mountains (Australia)|Blue Mountains]]
* [[May 20]]-[[May 21]] - [[Napoleon]] wins the [[Battle of Bautzen]]
* [[May 27]] - [[War of 1812]]: In [[Canada]], [[United States|American]] forces capture [[Fort George, Ontario|Fort George]].
* [[June 6]]
**[[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of Stoney Creek]] - A [[United Kingdom|British]] force of 700 under [[John Vincent (general)|John Vincent]] defeat an [[United States|American]] force three times its size under [[William Winder]] and [[John Chandler]].
**[[Gregory Blaxland]], [[William Lawson]] and [[William Wentworth]] succeeded in crossing the [[Blue Mountains (Australia)|Blue Mountains]] and returned home.
* [[June 21]] - [[Peninsular War]]: [[Battle of Vitoria]] — A British, Spanish, and Portuguese force of 78,000 with 96 guns under [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington]] defeats a French force of 58,000 with 153 guns under [[Joseph Bonaparte]].
===July - September===
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* [[July 5]] - War of 1812: Three weeks of [[United Kingdom|British]] raids on [[Fort Schlosser]], [[Black Rock, New York|Black Rock]] and [[Plattsburgh, New York]] begin.
* [[July 13]] - Missionaries [[Adoniram Judson]] and his wife [[Ann Hasseltine Judson]] arrive in [[Burma]].
* [[August 19]] - [[Gervasio Antonio de Posadas]] joins Argentina's second triumvirate.
* [[August 23]] - [[Battle of Großbeeren]]
* [[August 26]] - [[Battle of Katzbach]]
* [[August 26]]-[[August 27]] - [[Napoleon]] wins the [[Battle of Dresden]]
* [[August 29]]-[[August 30]] - [[Napoleon]]'s troops defeated at [[Battle of Kulm|Kulm]]
* [[September]] - [[Robert Southey]] becomes Poet Laureate of Britain
* [[September 6]] - [[Battle of Dennewitz]]
* [[September 10]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of Lake Erie]] - [[United States|American]] squadron under Commodore [[Oliver Hazard Perry]] defeats a [[United Kingdom|British]] squadron, capturing six ships.
===October - December===
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* [[October 5]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[William Henry Harrison]] defeats the British at the [[Battle of the Thames]], native leader [[Tecumseh]] is killed in battle
* [[October 14]] - After a ceremony in [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]], the municipality gives [[Simón Bolívar]] the title of ''[[Simón Bolívar|El Libertador]]''.
* [[October 16]]-[[October 19]] - [[Napoleon]] is defeated at the [[Battle of Leipzig]]
* [[October 24]]-[[November 5]] - [[Iran|Persia]] and [[Russia]] sign the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] of 1813 at the end of the first [[Russo-Persian Wars]] (1804-1813) by which [[Iran|Persia]] ([[Iran]]) loses all its territories to the north of [[Aras]] River to the Russians.
* [[October 25]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Charles de Salaberry]] defeats an American invasion at the [[Battle of Chateauguay]]
* [[November 11]] - [[War of 1812]]: the Americans are defeated at the [[Battle of Crysler's Farm]]
* [[November 21]] - An independent government is restored in the [[Netherlands]].
* [[December 29]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] soldiers burn [[Buffalo, New York]]
===Undated===
* [[Russia]]n troops reach and take [[Berlin]] without a fight after the [[France|French]] garrison evacuated the city.
* [[Mathieu Orfila]] publishes his groundbreaking ''Trait des poisons'', formalizing the field of [[toxicology]].
* [[George Hamilton-Gordon]] serves as ambassador extraordinaire in [[Vienna]].
* Following the death of his father [[Wossen Seged]], [[Sahle Selassie]] arrives at the capital Qundi before his other brothers, and is made Meridazmach of [[Shewa]].
* The [[Philomathean Society]] of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] is founded. It is the oldest continuously-existing literary society in the United States.
===Ongoing events===
* [[Napoleonic Wars]] ([[1799]]-[[1815]])-[[Peninsular War]]/[[Sixth Coalition]]
* [[War of 1812]] ([[1812]]-[[1815]])
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Bunka]] 9 – 10}}
===January - June===
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*[[January 19]] - Sir [[Henry Bessemer]], English inventor (d. [[1898]])
*[[January 21]] - [[John C. Frémont]], American soldier and explorer (d. [[1890]])
*[[January 26]] - [[Juan Pablo Duarte]], Founder of the Dominican Republic (d. [[1876]])
*[[February 11]] - [[Otto Ludwig (writer)|Otto Ludwig]], German writer (d. [[1865]])
*[[February 15]] - [[Frederick Holbrook]], Vermont governor (d. [[1909]])
*[[March 18]] - [[Christian Friedrich Hebbel]], German poet and playwright (d. [[1863]])
*[[March 19]] - [[David Livingstone]], English missionary and explorer (d. [[1873]])
*[[March 21]] - [[James Strang]], Mormon splinter group leader (d. [[1856]])
*[[March 27]] - [[Nathaniel Currier]], American illustrator (d. [[1888]])
*[[April 23]] - [[Stephen A. Douglas]], U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (d. [[1861]])
*[[May 5]] - [[Søren Kierkegaard|Soren Kierkegaard]], Danish philosopher (d. [[1855]])
*[[May 21]] - [[Robert Murray M'Cheyne]], Scottish clergyman (d. [[1843]])
*[[May 22]] - [[Richard Wagner]], German composer (d. [[1883]])
*[[June 24]] - [[Henry Ward Beecher]], American clergyman and reformer (d. [[1887]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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*[[July 19]] - [[Samuel M. Kier]], American industrialist (d. [[1874]])
*[[September 17]] - [[John Sedgwick]], Union Army General, American Civil War (d. [[1864]])
*[[September 24]] - [[Gerardo Barrios]], President of [[El Salvador]] (d. [[1865]])
*[[October 10]] - [[Giuseppe Verdi]], Italian composer (d. [[1901]])
*[[October 17]] - [[Georg Büchner]], German playwright (d. [[1837]])
*[[November 30]] - [[Charles-Valentin Alkan]], French Composer (d. [[1888]])
*[[December 19]] - [[Thomas Andrews (scientist)|Thomas Andrews]], Irish chemist (d.[[1885]])
*''date unknown'' - [[John Miley]], American Methodist theologian (d. [[1895]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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*[[January 6]] - [[Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers]], French general (b. [[1764]])
*[[January 20]] - [[Christoph Martin Wieland]], German writer (b. [[1733]])
*[[February 13]] - [[Samuel Ashe (1725-1813)|Samuel Ashe]], Governor of North Carolina (b. [[1725]])
*[[February 26]] - [[Robert Livingston (1746-1813)|Robert Linvingston]], American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. [[1746]])
*[[April 10]] - [[Joseph Louis Lagrange]], Italian mathematician (b. [[1746]])
*[[April 27]] - [[Zebulon Pike]], American general (b. [[1779]])
*[[April 28]] - [[Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov]], Russian field marshal (b. [[1745]])
*[[May 1]] - [[Jean-Baptiste Bessières]], French marshal (killed in combat) (b. [[1768]])
*[[May 23]] - [[Geraud Duroc]], French general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. [[1772]])
*[[June 6]] - [[Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart]], French architect (b. [[1739]])
*[[June 17]] - [[Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham]], English sailor and politician (b. [[1726]])
*[[June 28]] - [[Gerhard von Scharnhorst]], Prussian general (b. [[1755]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
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*[[July 29]] - [[Jean-Andoche Junot]], French general (suicide) (b. [[1771]])
*[[August 11]] - [[Henry James Pye]], English poet (b. [[1745]])
*[[August 15]]-[[Abigail Amelia]], First born daughter Of John and Abigail Adams (b.1765)
*[[August 23]] - [[Alexander Wilson]], Scottish-born ornithologist (b. [[1766]])
*[[September 2]] - [[Jean Victor Marie Moreau]], French general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. [[1763]])
*[[13 September]] - [[Hezqeyas of Ethiopia]], deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
*[[October 5]] - [[Tecumseh]], Shawnee leader
*[[October 19]] - [[Józef Antoni Poniatowski]], Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. [[1763]])
*[[November 12]] - [[Jean de Crévecoeur]], French-American writer (b. [[1735]])
*[[December 13]] - [[William Franklin]], Son of Benjamin Franklin (b. [[1731]])
*[[December 24]] - [[Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan]] (b. [[1740]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Wossen Seged]], Meridazmach of [[Shewa]] (murdered) (b. [[1808]])
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