1814 34948 226078271 2008-07-16T18:58:47Z VolkovBot 3035831 robot Adding: [[vo:1814]] {{year nav|1814}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1814''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXIV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1814== ===January - March=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[January 14]] - [[Denmark]] cedes [[Norway]] to [[Sweden]] in exchange for west [[Pomerania]], as part of the [[Treaty of Kiel]]. * [[January 29]] - [[France|French]] army of [[Emperor]] [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon I]] wins the [[Battle of Brienne]]. * [[January 31]] - [[Gervasio Antonio de Posadas]] becomes Supreme Director of [[Argentina]]. * February - [[George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen]] represents Britain at the [[Congress of Chatillon]]. * [[February 11]] - [[Norway]]'s independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the [[Kalmar Union]]. * [[February 12]] - a fire destroys the [[Custom House, London|Custom House]] in [[London]]. * [[February 14]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] wins the [[Battle of Vauchamps]]. * [[February 18]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] wins the [[Battle of Montereau]]. * [[February 21]] - [[Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814]]. * [[March 7]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] wins the [[Battle of Craonne]]. * [[March 9]] - the [[USS Enterprise (1799)|USS Enterprise]] reaches [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]], [[North Carolina]], returning from the [[Caribbean]]. * [[March 10]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] is defeated at the [[Battle of Laon]] in [[France]]. * [[March 12]] - [[Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angouleme]] enters [[Bordeaux]], marking the restoration of the [[Bourbon dynasty]]. * [[March 27]] - [[War of 1812]]: In northern [[Alabama]], [[United States]] forces under [[General]] [[Andrew Jackson]] defeat the [[Creek (people)|Creek]] at the [[Battle of Horseshoe Bend]]. * [[March 30]] - [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Sixth Coalition]] forces march into [[Paris]]. * [[March 31]] - [[War of the Sixth Coalition|Anti-Napoleonic]] troops occupy [[Paris]]. [[Image:EnterpriseTripoli.jpg|thumb|240px|right| [[March 9]]: The [[schooner]] [[USS Enterprise (1799)|''Enterprise'']] returns from the [[Caribbean]].]] ===April - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[April 6]] - [[Emperor]] [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] abdicates. Louis XVIII becomes King of France. * [[April 10]] - the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] wins the [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Battle of Toulouse]]. * [[April 12]] - [[Royal Norwegian Navy]] re-established. * [[May 3]] - [[Duke of Provence]], future [[Louis XVIII of France]] returns to [[Paris]]. * [[May 5]] - [[War of 1812|British-American War (War of 1812)]]: The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] attack [[Fort Ontario]] at [[Oswego, New York]]. * [[May 17]] - The [[Constitution of Norway]] is signed and the [[Denmark|Danish]] [[Crown Prince]] [[Christian VIII of Denmark|Christian Frederik]] is elected [[King of Norway]] by the [[Norwegian Constituent Assembly]]. * [[May 17]] - [[Military occupation|Occupation]] of [[Monaco]] changes from [[France|French]] to [[Austria]]n hands. * [[May 30]] - The [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|First Treaty of Paris]] is signed returning [[France]]'s borders to their [[1792]] extent. [[Napoleon I of France]] is exiled to [[Elba]] on the same day. ===July - September=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 5]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of Chippewa]] - [[United States|American]] [[Major General]] [[Jacob Brown]] defeats [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] [[General]] [[Phineas Riall]] at [[Chippewa, Ontario]]. * [[July 24]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[General]] [[Phineas Riall]] advances toward [[Niagara Falls, Ontario]] to halt [[Jacob Brown]]'s [[United States|American]] invaders. * [[July 25]] - [[George Stephenson]] tests his [[locomotive]] ''[[Blucher]]'' successfully. * [[July 25]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of Lundy's Lane]] - Reinforcements arrive near [[Niagara Falls, Ontario]] for [[General]] [[Riall]]'s [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Canada|Canadian]] force, and bloody, all-night battle with [[Jacob Brown]]'s [[United States|Americans]] commences at 18.00; [[United States|Americans]] retreat to [[Fort Erie]]. * [[August 7]] - [[Pope Pius VII]] reestablish the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia. * [[August 12]] - In [[England]], the last hanging under the [[Black Act]] - William Potter for cutting down an [[orchard]] - even the [[judge]] petitioned for reprieve. * [[August 13]] - signing of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]]. * [[August 24]] - During the [[War of 1812]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] troops occupy [[Washington, DC]], setting numerous buildings on fire, including the Capitol. * [[August 28]] - [[Alexandria, Virginia]] offers surrender to the [[United Kingdom|British]] fleet without a fight. * [[September 11]] – [[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of Plattsburgh|Battle of Lake Champlain]] - [[United States|American]] squadron under [[Thomas MacDonough]] defeats [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] squadron, ultimately forcing the invading army to retreat back into [[Canada]]. * [[September 13]] – [[War of 1812]]: the bombardment of [[Fort McHenry]] at [[Baltimore]]. The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] failure at the [[Battle of Baltimore]] is a turning point in the war, and the [[United States|American]] defense of the fort inspires [[Francis Scott Key]] to compose the poem later set to music as [[The Star Spangled Banner]]. [[Image:Ft. Henry bombardement 1814.jpg|thumb|270|right| [[September 13]]: Bombardment of [[Fort McHenry]].]] ===October - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * October - A large vat full of [[porter (beer)]] owned by [[Meux's Brewery]] bursts, demolishing houses and killing nine people, eight people drowned and one person died of alcohol poisoning by attempting to stop the flood by drinking the beer. * [[November 7]] – [[War of 1812]]: [[Andrew Jackson]] seizes [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]], [[Florida]]. * [[December 15]] – [[Hartford Convention]] convened. * [[December 24]] – [[War of 1812]]: [[Treaty of Ghent]] was signed. ===Undated=== * [[Missionaries]] attempt to write down the [[Maori language]]. * [[George Stephenson]] designs his first locomotive ''[[Blücher (locomotive)|Blücher]]''. * [[Sir Walter Scott]] writes ''[[Waverley (novel)|Waverley]]''. * [[Guyana]] transferred from [[Netherlands]] to [[United Kingdom|Britain]]; it is renamed "[[British Guiana]]". ===Ongoing events=== * [[Napoleonic Wars]] ([[1799]]-[[1815]])-[[Peninsular War]]/[[Sixth Coalition]] * [[War of 1812]] ([[1812]]-[[1815]]) * [[Norway in 1814]] ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Bunka]] 10 – 11}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 1]] - [[Hong Xiuquan]], Chinese rebel (d. [[1864]]) *[[January 27]] - [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]], French architect (d. [[1879]]) *[[February 18]] - [[Samuel Fenton Cary]], American politician and temperance activist (d. [[1900]]) *[[March 9]] - [[Taras Shevchenko]], Ukrainian poet, nationalist, and founder of the Ukrainian language (d. [[1861]]) *[[April 3]] - [[Lorenzo Snow]], fifth president of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1901]]) *[[April 21]] - [[Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts]], English philanthropist (d. [[1906]]) *[[May 12]] - [[Adolf von Henselt]], German composer *[[May 30]] - [[Mikhail Bakunin]], Russian anarchist (d. [[1876]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[July 19]] - [[Samuel Colt]], American gun maker (d. [[1862]]) *[[August 8]] - [[Esther Hobart Morris|Esther Morris]], American suffragist and judge (d. [[1902]]) *[[August 10]] - [[Henri Nestlé]], German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. [[1890]]) *[[August 13]] - [[Anders Jonas Ångström]], Swedish physicist (d. [[1874]]) *[[August 23]] - [[James Roosevelt Bayley]], first [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark|Bishop of Newark, New Jersey]], and the eighth [[Archbishop of Baltimore]] (d. [[1877]]) *[[August 28]] - [[Sheridan le Fanu]], Irish writer (d. [[1873]]) *[[September 2]] - [[Ernst Curtius]], German archaeologist and historian (d. [[1896]]) *[[September 8]] - [[Charles Etienne Brasseur de Bourbourg|Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg]], French writer and historian (d. [[1874]]) *[[September 27]] - [[Daniel Kirkwood]], astronomer (d. [[1895]]) *[[October 4]] - [[Jean-François Millet]], French painter (d. [[1875]]) *[[October 7]] - [[Susanna Dickinson]], survivor of the Alamo *[[October 15]] - [[Mikhail Lermontov]], Russian writer (d. [[1841]]) *[[November 6]] - [[Adolphe Sax]], Belgian instrument maker and inventor (d. [[1894]]) *[[November 22]] - [[Serranus Clinton Hastings]], American politician (d. [[1893]]) *''date unknown'' - [[Táhirih]], Persian Bahá'í heroine ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 27]] ** [[Philip Astley]], English circus promoter (b. [[1742]]) ** [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]], German philosopher (b. [[1762]]) *[[March 28]] - [[Joseph-Ignace Guillotin]], French inventor (b. [[1738]]) *[[April 1]] - [[Joseph de Ferraris]], Austrian [[cartographer]] of the Austrian Netherlands (b. [[1726]]) *[[April 12]] - [[Charles Burney]], English music historian (b. [[1726]]) *[[May 29]] - [[Josephine de Beauharnais]], Empress of France (b. [[1763]]) ===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS --> *[[July 12]] - [[William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe]], British general *[[July 19]] - Captain [[Matthew Flinders]], English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b. [[1774]]) *[[August 21]] - [[Antonio Carnicero]], Spanish painter (b. [[1748]]) *[[August 21]] - [[Benjamin Thompson]], American physicist and inventor (b. [[1753]]) *[[August 31]] - [[Arthur Phillip]], British admiral and first governor of New South Wales (b. [[1738]]) *[[September 8]] - [[Marie Caroline of Austria]], queen of [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]], and ''de facto'' ruler (b. [[1752]]) *[[October 19]] - [[Mercy Otis Warren]], American playwright (b. [[1728]]) *[[November 23]] - [[Elbridge Gerry]], 5th [[Vice President of the United States of America]] (b. [[1744]]) *[[December 2]] - [[Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade]], French writer (b. [[1740]]) *[[December 13]] - [[Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne]], Austrian field marshal (b. [[1735]]) *[[December 19]] - [[Joseph Bramah]], inventor of the hydraulic press (b. 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