1815 34931 225335216 2008-07-13T04:02:25Z 99.225.12.77 /* January - June */ {{year nav|1815}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1815''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Friday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1815== ===January - March=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Battle_of_New_Orleans.jpg|thumb|230px| [[January 8]]: The [[Battle of New Orleans]].]] * [[January 2]] - [[Lord Byron]] marries Anna Isabella Milbanke, [[Seaham]], [[County Durham]]. * [[January 3]] - [[Austrian Empire|Austria]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], and Bourbon-restored [[France]] form a secret defensive alliance treaty against [[Prussia]] and [[Russia]]. * [[January 8]] - [[War of 1812]]: [[Battle of New Orleans]] - [[United States|American]] forces under General [[Andrew Jackson]] defeat an invading [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] force. * [[February]] - [[Hartford Convention]] arrives in [[Washington DC]]. * [[February 3]] - The first commercial [[cheese]] factory is founded in [[Switzerland]] * [[February 4]] - [[Netherlands]], Foundation of the first Dutch student association, the Groninger Studenten Corps, [[Vindicat atque Polit]]. The first rector of the senate was B.J. Winters. * [[February 6]] - [[New Jersey]] grants the first American [[railroad]] charter to a [[John Stevens (New Jersey)|John Stevens]]. * [[February 26]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] escapes from [[Elba]] * [[March 1]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] returns to France from his banishment on [[Elba]]. * [[March 15]] - [[Joachim Murat]], [[Kingdom of Naples|King of Naples]] declares war on [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] in an attempt to save his throne, starting the [[Neapolitan War]]. * [[March 16]] - [[William I of the Netherlands|Willem I]] becomes [[Dutch monarchy|King of the Netherlands]] * [[March 20]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] enters [[Paris]] after escaping from [[Elba]] with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000 beginning his "Hundred Days" rule. ===April - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> [[Image:1815 Tambora Sumbawa explosion path large.jpg|thumb|250px|right| [[April 5]]-[[April 12|12]]: [[Mount Tambora]] explodes, changing climate.]] [[Image:CongressVienna.jpg|thumb|100px|Congress Vienna, Jean Godefroy - [[Jean-Baptiste Isabey]]]] * [[April 5]]-[[April 12]] - [[Mount Tambora]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]] blows its top during an eruption event. Upwards of 92,000 are killed during this eruption. The event is the cause of [[1816]] becoming known as the [[Year Without a Summer]]. * [[April 23]]- [[Second Serbian Uprising]] against [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule takes place in [[Takovo]], [[Serbia]]. By the end of the year [[Serbia]] had been acknowledged as a semi-independent state. Ideals of the [[First Serbian Uprising]] have thus been temporarily achieved. * [[May 3]] - [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] defeats the [[Kingdom of Naples]] at the decisive [[Battle of Tolentino]] which quickly ends the [[Neapolitan War]]. [[Joachim Murat]], the defeated King of Naples, is forced to flee to [[Corsica]] and is later executed. * [[May 30]] - The ''[[Arniston (ship)|Arniston]]'', an [[East Indiaman]] repatriating wounded troops to England from [[Ceylon]], is wrecked near [[Waenhuiskrans]], [[South Africa]] with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board. * [[June 9]] - End of the [[Congress of Vienna]]: new [[Europe]]an political situation is set. * [[June 16]] - [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] beats Prussians at the [[battle of Ligny]] and marshal [[Michel Ney|Ney]] gets a marginal win against the British and Allies at the [[battle of Quatre Bras]] * [[June 18]] - [[Battle of Waterloo]] ends the [[Napoleonic wars]]. * [[June 22]] - [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] abdicates again; [[Napoleon II]] (1811-32), age 4, rules for two weeks (June 22 to July 7). [[Image:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|thumb|230px|right| [[June 18]] - [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]].]] ===July - September=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[July 8]] - [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] returns to [[Paris]]; the "restoration" of Louis XVIII as King of France. (He had declared himself king on June 8, 1795, at the death of his nephew, 10-year-old [[Louis XVII]], and had lived in Westphalia, Verona, Russia, and England.) * [[July 17]] - In [[France]], [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] surrenders at [[Rochefort, Charente-Maritime|Rochefort]] to [[United Kingdom|British]] forces. *September - [[Austria]], [[Prussia]] and [[Russia]] sign a [[Holy Alliance]] to uphold the European [[status quo]]. * [[September 23]] - The [[Great September Gale of 1815]] - the first [[hurricane]] to strike New England in 180 years. ===October - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> * [[October 3]] - Fall of the [[Chassigny]] Mars meteorite in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France * [[October 15]] - [[Napoleon I of France]] begins his exile on [[Saint Helena]] in the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. * [[October 21]] - [[Humphry Davy]] patents the [[miner's safety lamp]] for use in [[coal]] [[mining]] ===Undated=== * British missionaries arrive in [[New Zealand]]. * In [[United Kingdom|Britain]], use of [[pillory]] is limited to punishment for [[perjury]]. * Second wave of [[Amish]] immigration to North America. * [[First-class cricket]] begins. ===Ongoing events=== * [[Napoleonic Wars]] ([[1799]]-1815)-Seventh Coalition/[[Hundred Days]] * [[War of 1812]] ([[1812]]-1815) * [[Congress of Vienna]] ([[1814]] - 1815) ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Bunka]] 11 &ndash; 12}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 11th]]-[[John A. MacDonald]], First Prime Minister of Canada, Father of Confederation (d. [[1891]] *[[February 15]] - [[Constantin von Tischendorf]], German Biblical scholar (d. [[1874]]) *[[April 1]] - [[Otto von Bismarck]], German statesman (d. [[1898]]) *[[April 1]] - [[Edward Clark]], [[Governor of Texas]] (d. [[1880]]) *[[April 6]] - [[Robert Volkmann]], German composer (d. [[1883]]) *[[April 24]] - [[Anthony Trollope]], British author (d. [[1882]]) *[[May 27]]-[[Sir Henry Parkes]], Father of Australian Federation (d. [[1896]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[August 5]] - [[Edward John Eyre]], explorer (d. [[1901]]) *[[October 16]] - [[Francis Lubbock]], [[Governor of Texas]] (d. [[1905]]) *[[October 23]] - [[João Maurício Wanderley]], Brazilian magistrate and politician (d. [[1889]]) *[[October 31]] - [[Karl Weierstrass]], German mathematician (d. [[1897]]) *[[November 2]] - [[George Boole]], English mathematician and philosopher (d. [[1864]]) *[[December 10]] - [[Augusta Lovelace|Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace]], early English computer pioneer (d. [[1852]]) *[[November 12]] - [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], American women's rights activist (d. [[1902]]) *[[December 21]] - [[Thomas Couture]], French painter (d. [[1879]]) : ''See also [[:Category: 1815 births]].'' ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[January 8]] - [[Edward Pakenham]], British general (killed in battle) (b. [[1778]]) *[[January 16]] - [[Emma, Lady Hamilton]], English mistress of [[Horatio Nelson]] (b. [[1765]]) *[[February 24]] - [[Robert Fulton]], American inventor (b. [[1765]]) *[[February 26]] - [[Prince Josias of Coburg]], Austrian general (b. [[1737]]) *[[March 4]] - [[Frances Abington]], English actress (b. [[1737]]) *[[March 5]] - [[Franz Mesmer]], German developer of hypnotism (b. [[1734]]) *[[April 21]] - [[Joseph Winston]], American patriot and Congressman from North Carolina (b. [[1746]]) *[[June 1]] - [[Louis Alexandre Berthier]], French marshal (b. [[1753]]) *[[June 16]] - [[Friedrich Wilhelm (Brunswick and Lüneburg)|Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick]], German noble and general (killed in battle) (b. [[1771]]) *[[June 18]] - [[Thomas Picton]], British general (killed in battle) (b. [[1758]]) *[[June 18]] - [[Claude-Etienne Michel]], French general (killed in battle) (b. [[1772]] *[[June 18]] - [[Guillaume Philibert Duhesme]], French general (killed in battle) (b. [[1766]]) ===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. --> *[[August 2]] - [[Guillaume Marie Anne Brune]], French marshal (murdered) (b. [[1763]]) *[[August 6]] - [[James A. Bayard (elder)]], U.S. Senator from Delaware (b. [[1767]]) *[[September 9]] - [[John Singleton Copley]], American painter (b. [[1738]]) *[[September 20]] - [[Nicolas Desmarest]], French geologist (b. [[1725]]) *[[October 13]] - [[Joachim Murat]], French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b. [[1767]]) *[[October 22]] - [[Claude Lecourbe]], French general (b. [[1759]]) *[[December 3]] - [[John Carroll (priest)]], first American Roman Catholic Archbishop (b. [[1735]]) *[[December 7]] - [[Michel Ney]], French marshal (executed) (b. [[1769]]) *[[December 29]] - [[Saartjie Baartman]], [[sideshow]] performer {{commonscat}} : ''See also [[:Category: 1815 deaths]].'' 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