1820
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{{year nav|1820}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1820''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1820 ==
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* [[January 1]] - Constitutionalist military insurrection at [[Cádiz]] leads to summoning of [[Spain|Spanish]] parliament ([[March 7]]) (See [[Mid-nineteenth century Spain]].)
* [[January 28]] - [[Imperial Russia|Russia]]n expedition lead by [[Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen]] and [[Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev]] approaches the [[Antarctica|Antarctic coast]]. (See [[History of Antarctica]].)
* [[January 29]] - [[George IV of the United Kingdom]] ascends the throne, ending the period known as the [[British Regency]]. There will be a gap of twenty one years before the title [[Prince of Wales]] is next used.
* [[January 30]] - [[Edward Bransfield]] lands on the [[Antarctica|Antarctic mainland]]. (See [[History of Antarctica]].)
* [[February 6]]
**<!--February 6-->[[Lord Thomas Cochrane]] occupies [[Valdivia (city)|Valdivia]] in name of the republic of [[Chile]].
**<!--February 6-->86 free [[African American]] colonists sail from [[New York City]] to [[Freetown, Sierra Leone]].
*[[February 8]] - [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] is born.
* [[February 20]] - A revolt begins in [[Santa María Chiquimula]], [[Totonicapán Department|Totonicapán]] [[Departments of Guatemala|department]] of [[Guatemala]].
* [[February 23]] - The [[Cato Street conspiracy]] is exposed. The principals are executed on [[May 1]].
* [[March 3]] & [[March 6|6]] - [[Slavery]] in the [[United States]]: The [[Missouri Compromise]] becomes law.
* [[March 9]] - King [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] accepts the new constitution, beginning the Liberal Triennium ("Trienio Liberal").
* [[March 15]] - [[Maine]] is admitted as the 23rd [[U.S. state]].
* April
**<!--April-->[[Hans Christian Ørsted]] discovers the relationship between [[electricity]] and [[magnetism]].
**<!--April-->[[Radical War]] is fought in [[Scotland]].
**<!--April-->Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is founded.
* [[May 1]] - Last [[Capital punishment in the United Kingdom|hanging drawing and quartering]] in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] – [[Cato Street Conspiracy|Cato Street conspirators]] for treason (only hanged and beheaded.)
* [[May 11]] - Launch of [[HMS Beagle]] the ship that would later take young [[Charles Darwin]] on his scientific voyage.
*July - [[Constitutionalist]] revolution in the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].
*[[July 20]] - [[Saint Cronan's Boys National School]] opens in [[Bray]], [[Co. Wicklow]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] under the title ''Bray Male School''. It is the oldest school in Bray and its notable past pupils include former [[President of Ireland]], [[Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh]]
* [[August 24]] - [[Constitutionalist]] insurrection at [[Porto|Oporto]], [[Portugal]]; revolution in [[Lisbon]], [[September 15]] (see [[History of Portugal#Crises of the Nineteenth Century|Portugal's crises of the Nineteenth Century]].).
* [[October 9]] - [[Guayaquil]] declare independence from [[Spain]]. (See also [[History of Ecuador]]).
* [[October 25]]-[[November 20]] - [[Congress of Troppau]] ([[Opava]]) between rulers of [[Russia]], [[Austria]] and [[Prussia]].
* [[December 3]] - [[U.S. presidential election, 1820]] - [[James Monroe]] is re-elected, virtually unopposed.
===Undated===
* The 6th Edition of [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] appears.
* The [[Argentine Confederation]] ([[Argentina]]) establishes a [[penal colony]] in [[Falkland Islands]].
* [[Venus de Milo]] is found on the island of [[Melos]] ''(Milos)''.
* [[Robert Owen]] devises the [[labour voucher]].
* [[Mount Rainier]] erupts over what is today Seattle.
* [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]] experiences his First Vision in spring in Palmyra, New York.
*18,957 black slaves leave [[Luanda]].
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Bunsei]] 2 – 3}}
===January - June===
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* [[January 10]] - [[Louisa Lane Drew]], actress and prominent theater manager, grandmother of the [[Barrymore family|Barrymores]] (d. [[1897]])
* [[January 17]] - [[Anne Brontë]], English author (d. [[1849]])
* [[February 1]] - [[George Hendric Houghton]], American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (d. [[1897]])
* [[February 8]] - [[William Tecumseh Sherman]], American Civil War general (d. [[1891]])
* [[February 13]] - [[James Geiss]], English businessman (d. [[1878]])
* [[February 15]] - [[Susan B. Anthony]], American suffragist (d. [[1906]])
* [[February 17]] - [[Henri Vieuxtemps]], Belgian violinist and composer (d. [[1881]])
* [[February 28]] - [[John Tenniel]], English illustrator (d. [[1914]])
* [[March 3]] - [[Henry D. Cogswell]], American philanthropist and [[temperance movement]] pioneer (d. [[1900]])
* [[March 4]] - [[Francesco Bentivegna]], Italian revolutionary (d. [[1856]])
* [[March 20]] - [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]],First Romania's reigning (d. [[1873]])
* [[March 14]] - [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]] (d. [[1878]])
*[[April 27]] - [[Herbert Spencer]], English philosopher (d. [[1903]]).
* [[May 12]] - [[Florence Nightingale]], English nurse (d. [[1910]])
* [[May 23]] - [[Lorenzo Sawyer]], 9th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California (d. [[1891]])
* [[May 27]] - [[Mathilde Bonaparte]], Italian princess (d. [[1904]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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* [[July 9]] - [[John Wright Oakes]], Landscape [[painter]] (d. [[1887]])
* [[July 23]] - [[Julia Gardiner Tyler]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (d. [[1889]])
* [[September 17]] - [[Émile Augier]], French dramatist (d. [[1889]])
* [[September 27]] - [[Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel]], German classical scholar (d. [[1878]])
* [[September 29]] - [[Comte de Chambord]], claimant to the French throne (d. [[1883]])
* [[October 5]] - [[David Wilber]], American politician (d. [[1890]])
* [[October 6]] - [[Jenny Lind]], Swedish soprano (d. [[1887]])
* [[November 23]] - [[Isaac Todhunter]], English mathematician (d. [[1884]])
* [[November 28]] - [[Friedrich Engels]], German social philosopher (d. [[1895]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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*[[January 17]] - [[Daniel Albert Wyttenbach]], academic (b. [[1746]])
* [[January 29]] - King [[George III of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1738]])
*[[February 11]] - [[Karl von Fischer]], architect (b. [[1782]])
* [[February 14]] - [[Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry]] (stabbed) (b. [[1778]])
* [[March 22]] - [[Stephen Decatur]], American sailor (b. [[1779]])
* [[May 30]] - [[William Bradley (giant)|William Bradley]], Britain's tallest ever man (b. [[1787]])
*[[June 9]] - [[Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange]] (b. [[1751]])
* [[June 19]] - Sir [[Joseph Banks]], British naturalist and botanist (b. [[1743]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
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*[[August 12]] - [[Manuel Lisa]], fur trader (b. [[1772]])
* [[September 3]] - [[Benjamin Latrobe]], English architect (b. [[1764]])
* [[September 26]] - [[Daniel Boone]], American pioneer (b. [[1734]])
*[[September 29]] - [[Barthelemy Lafon]], architect and smuggler (b. [[1769]])
* [[October 15]] - [[Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg]], Austrian field marshal (b. [[1771]])
* [[December 25]] - [[Joseph Fouché]], French statesman (b. [[1763]])
*''date unknown'' - [[William Drennan]], Northern Irish poet (b. [[1754]])
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