1839
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2008-07-02T18:53:38Z
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/* Undated */
{{year nav|1839}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1839''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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==Events of 1839==
===January - March===
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* [[January 9]] - The [[French Academy of Sciences]] announces the [[Daguerreotype]] [[photography]] process.
* [[January 19]] - [[British East India Company]] captures [[Aden]]
* [[January 20]] - In the [[Battle of Yungay]], [[Chile]] defeats a [[Peru]]vian and [[Bolivia]]n alliance.
* [[February 11]] - The [[University of Missouri]] is established, becoming the first public university west of the [[Mississippi River]].
* [[February 24]] - [[William Otis]] receives a [[patent]] for the [[steam shovel]].
* [[March 5]] - [[Longwood University]] founded, [[Farmville]], [[Virginia]].
* [[March 7]] - [[Baltimore City College]], the third public high school in the United States, is established in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]].
* [[March 23]] - First recorded use of "OK" [[oll korrect]] (''[[Boston Morning Post]]'').
* [[March 26]] - The first [[Henley Royal Regatta]] is held
* [[March 29]] - British naturalist [[Charles Darwin]] marries his cousin [[Emma Wedgwood]].
===April - June===
* [[April]] - Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey declares death.
* [[April 9]] - The world's first commercial electric [[Telegraphy|telegraph]] line comes into operation alongside the [[Great Western Railway]] line from [[Paddington station]] to [[West Drayton]].
* [[April 19]] - The [[Treaty of London, 1839|Treaty of London]] establishes [[Belgium]] as a [[monarchy|kingdom]].
* [[June 22]] - [[Louis Daguerre]] receives patent for his camera (commercially available by September at the price of 400 Francs)
===July - September===
* [[July 1]] - Slave rebellion of [[Amistad (case)|Amistad]]
* [[July 1]] - Change of [[Ottoman Emperor|emperor]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Mahmud II]] ([[1808]]-1839) to [[Abd-ul-Mejid]] (1839-[[1861]]).
* [[July 23]] - British forces capture the fortress city of [[Ghazni]], [[Afghanistan]] in the [[Battle of Ghazni]] during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]
* [[August 8]] - The [[Beta Theta Pi]] fraternity was founded in [[Oxford, Ohio]]
* [[August 19]] - French government gives [[Louis Daguerre]] a pension and gives the [[daguerreotype]] "for the whole world"
* [[August 23]] - British forces seized [[Hong Kong]] as a base, as it prepared to wage war against [[Qing Dynasty|Qing China]]. The ensuing 3-year conflict would become known as the [[First Opium War]].
* [[September 9]] - In the Great Fire of [[Mobile, Alabama]] hundreds of buildings are burned.
===October - December===
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* [[October 3]] - In the Kingdom of the [[Two Sicilies]] a railway between [[Napoli]] and [[Portici]] (7.4km length) is inaugurated by H.M. the King [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand II]] of [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]]. It is the first railway in the Italian peninsula.
* [[October 15]] - [[Abd al-Kader]] declares a [[jihad]] against the [[France|French]].
* [[November 4]] - The [[Newport Rising]] was the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.
* [[November 11]] - The [[Virginia Military Institute]] is founded in Lexington, [[Virginia]].
* [[November 17]] - [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s first opera, ''[[Oberto (opera)|Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio]]'' opens in [[Milan]].
* [[November 25]] - A disastrous [[cyclone]] slams [[India]] with terrible winds and a giant 40 foot [[storm surge]], wiping out the port city of [[Coringa (village)|Coringa]]. 300,000 people die.
* [[November 27]] - In [[Boston, Massachusetts]], the [[American Statistical Association]] is founded.
===Undated===
* In the United States, the first state law permitting women to own property is passed in [[Jackson, Mississippi]].
* The first [[parallax]] measurement of the distance to [[Alpha Centauri]] is published by [[Thomas James Henderson|Thomas Henderson]].
* [[Michael Faraday]] publishes [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14986/14986-8.txt "Experimental Researches in Electricity"] clarifying the true nature of [[electricity]].
* Excavation on [[Copan]] begins.
* Half of the [[Limburg (United Kingdom of the Netherlands)|Limburg]] province of [[Belgium]] was added to the [[Netherlands]], since 1839 there is a [[Limburg (Belgium)|Belgian Limburg]] and [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Dutch Limburg]].
* [[Episcopal High School]] in Alexandria, Virginia is founded.
* [[Charles Goodyear]] [[Vulcanization|vulcanizes]] [[rubber]].
*[[Anti-Corn Law League]] is founded in [[Manchester]].
===Ongoing events===
* [[First Opium War]] (1839-[[1842]])
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Tenpo|Tenpō]] 9 – 10}}
===January - June===
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* [[January 19]] - [[Paul Cezanne|Paul Cézanne]], French painter (d. [[1906]])
* [[February 11]] - [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]] American physicist and chemist (d. [[1903]])
* [[February 22]] - [[Francis Pharcellus Church]], American editor and publisher (d. [[1906]])
* [[March 9]] - [[Phoebe Knapp]], American hymn writer (d. [[1908]])
* [[March 16]] - [[John Butler Yeats]], Northern Irish artist (d. [[1922]])
* [[March 21]] - [[Modest Mussorgsky]], Russian composer (d. [[1881]])
* [[April 12]] - [[Nikolai Przhevalsky]], Russian explorer (d. [[1888]])
* [[April 30]] - [[Floriano Peixoto]], Brazilian president (d.[[1895]])
* [[June 17]] - [[Arthur Tooth]], [[Anglican]] [[clergyman]] prosecuted for [[Ritualism|Ritualist]] practices in the [[1870s]] (d. [[1931]])
* [[June 21]] - [[Machado de Assis]], Brazilian author (d.[[1908]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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* [[July 8]] - [[John D. Rockefeller|John Davison Rockefeller]], American industrialist and philanthropist (d. [[1937]])
* [[July 17]] - [[Ephraim Shay]], inventor of the [[Shay locomotive]] (d. [[1916]])
* [[November 20]] - [[Christian Wilberg]], German painter (d. [[1882]])
* [[December 5]] - [[George Armstrong Custer]], American cavalry officer (d. [[1876]])
* [[December 12]] - [[Caroline Ingalls|Caroline Lake Ingalls, née Quiner]], mother of author [[Laura Ingalls Wilder]] (d. [[April 20]], [[1924]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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* [[February 7]] - [[Karl August Nicander]], Swedish poet (b. [[1799]])
* [[March 2]] - [[Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte]], niece of Napoleon I of France (b. [[1802]])
* [[April 1]] - [[Benjamin Pierce (governor)|Benjamin Pierce]], U.S. politician (b. [[1757]])
* [[April 2]] - [[Hezekiah Niles]], American editor and publisher (b. [[1777]])
* [[April 4]] - [[Kaahumanu II]], queen of Hawaii
* [[April 11]] - [[John Galt (novelist)|John Galt]], Scottish novelist (b. [[1779]])
* [[April 22]] - [[Denis Davydov]], Russian general and poet (b. [[1784]])
* [[May 17]] - [[Archibald Alison (Scottish author)|Archibald Alison]], Scottish author (b. [[1757]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
* [[July 8]] - [[Fernando Sor]], Spanish composer (b. [[1778]])
* [[July 15]] - [[Winthrop Mackworth Praed]], English politician and poet (b. [[1802]])
* [[August 10]] - [[John St Aubyn]], British fossil collector (b. [[1758]])
* [[August 22]] - [[Benjamin Lundy]], American abolitionist (b. [[1789]])
* [[August 28]] - [[William Smith (geologist)|William Smith]], English geologist and cartographer (b. [[1769]])
* [[October]] - [[William Light]], British Army colonel and the first Surveyor-General of [[South Australia]] (b. [[1786]])
* [[November 15]] - [[William Murdoch]], Scottish inventor (b. [[1754]])
* [[December 3]] - [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Frederick VI]], King of Denmark, ex-King of Norway (b. [[1768]])
* [[December 15]] - [[Ignaz Aurelius Fessler]], court councillor and minister to Alexander I (b. [[1756]])
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