1839 34903 223135282 2008-07-02T18:53:38Z Skoglund 609014 /* Undated */ {{year nav|1839}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} Year '''1839''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXXXIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1839== ===January - March=== <!--Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. Preferred style is to repeat dates, shorter than sub-bullets, and helps search-engines to display the related dates. Also, the same dates can be repeated in ranges: May 7-9. --> * [[January 9]] - The [[French Academy of Sciences]] announces the [[Daguerreotype]] [[photography]] process. * [[January 19]] - [[British East India Company]] captures [[Aden]] * [[January 20]] - In the [[Battle of Yungay]], [[Chile]] defeats a [[Peru]]vian and [[Bolivia]]n alliance. * [[February 11]] - The [[University of Missouri]] is established, becoming the first public university west of the [[Mississippi River]]. * [[February 24]] - [[William Otis]] receives a [[patent]] for the [[steam shovel]]. * [[March 5]] - [[Longwood University]] founded, [[Farmville]], [[Virginia]]. * [[March 7]] - [[Baltimore City College]], the third public high school in the United States, is established in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]]. * [[March 23]] - First recorded use of "OK" [[oll korrect]] (''[[Boston Morning Post]]''). * [[March 26]] - The first [[Henley Royal Regatta]] is held * [[March 29]] - British naturalist [[Charles Darwin]] marries his cousin [[Emma Wedgwood]]. ===April - June=== * [[April]] - Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey declares death. * [[April 9]] - The world's first commercial electric [[Telegraphy|telegraph]] line comes into operation alongside the [[Great Western Railway]] line from [[Paddington station]] to [[West Drayton]]. * [[April 19]] - The [[Treaty of London, 1839|Treaty of London]] establishes [[Belgium]] as a [[monarchy|kingdom]]. * [[June 22]] - [[Louis Daguerre]] receives patent for his camera (commercially available by September at the price of 400 Francs) ===July - September=== * [[July 1]] - Slave rebellion of [[Amistad (case)|Amistad]] * [[July 1]] - Change of [[Ottoman Emperor|emperor]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Mahmud II]] ([[1808]]-1839) to [[Abd-ul-Mejid]] (1839-[[1861]]). * [[July 23]] - British forces capture the fortress city of [[Ghazni]], [[Afghanistan]] in the [[Battle of Ghazni]] during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] * [[August 8]] - The [[Beta Theta Pi]] fraternity was founded in [[Oxford, Ohio]] * [[August 19]] - French government gives [[Louis Daguerre]] a pension and gives the [[daguerreotype]] "for the whole world" * [[August 23]] - British forces seized [[Hong Kong]] as a base, as it prepared to wage war against [[Qing Dynasty|Qing China]]. The ensuing 3-year conflict would become known as the [[First Opium War]]. * [[September 9]] - In the Great Fire of [[Mobile, Alabama]] hundreds of buildings are burned. ===October - December=== <!--Link dates even if repeated, for date-format preferences. Preferred style is to repeat dates, shorter than sub-bullets, and helps search-engines to display the related dates. --> * [[October 3]] - In the Kingdom of the [[Two Sicilies]] a railway between [[Napoli]] and [[Portici]] (7.4km length) is inaugurated by H.M. the King [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand II]] of [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]]. It is the first railway in the Italian peninsula. * [[October 15]] - [[Abd al-Kader]] declares a [[jihad]] against the [[France|French]]. * [[November 4]] - The [[Newport Rising]] was the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain. * [[November 11]] - The [[Virginia Military Institute]] is founded in Lexington, [[Virginia]]. * [[November 17]] - [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s first opera, ''[[Oberto (opera)|Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio]]'' opens in [[Milan]]. * [[November 25]] - A disastrous [[cyclone]] slams [[India]] with terrible winds and a giant 40 foot [[storm surge]], wiping out the port city of [[Coringa (village)|Coringa]]. 300,000 people die. * [[November 27]] - In [[Boston, Massachusetts]], the [[American Statistical Association]] is founded. ===Undated=== * In the United States, the first state law permitting women to own property is passed in [[Jackson, Mississippi]]. * The first [[parallax]] measurement of the distance to [[Alpha Centauri]] is published by [[Thomas James Henderson|Thomas Henderson]]. * [[Michael Faraday]] publishes [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14986/14986-8.txt "Experimental Researches in Electricity"] clarifying the true nature of [[electricity]]. * Excavation on [[Copan]] begins. * Half of the [[Limburg (United Kingdom of the Netherlands)|Limburg]] province of [[Belgium]] was added to the [[Netherlands]], since 1839 there is a [[Limburg (Belgium)|Belgian Limburg]] and [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Dutch Limburg]]. * [[Episcopal High School]] in Alexandria, Virginia is founded. * [[Charles Goodyear]] [[Vulcanization|vulcanizes]] [[rubber]]. *[[Anti-Corn Law League]] is founded in [[Manchester]]. ===Ongoing events=== * [[First Opium War]] (1839-[[1842]]) ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Tenpo|Tenpō]] 9 &ndash; 10}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. House style is to repeat dates, not use second-level bullet points. --> * [[January 19]] - [[Paul Cezanne|Paul Cézanne]], French painter (d. [[1906]]) * [[February 11]] - [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]] American physicist and chemist (d. [[1903]]) * [[February 22]] - [[Francis Pharcellus Church]], American editor and publisher (d. [[1906]]) * [[March 9]] - [[Phoebe Knapp]], American hymn writer (d. [[1908]]) * [[March 16]] - [[John Butler Yeats]], Northern Irish artist (d. [[1922]]) * [[March 21]] - [[Modest Mussorgsky]], Russian composer (d. [[1881]]) * [[April 12]] - [[Nikolai Przhevalsky]], Russian explorer (d. [[1888]]) * [[April 30]] - [[Floriano Peixoto]], Brazilian president (d.[[1895]]) * [[June 17]] - [[Arthur Tooth]], [[Anglican]] [[clergyman]] prosecuted for [[Ritualism|Ritualist]] practices in the [[1870s]] (d. [[1931]]) * [[June 21]] - [[Machado de Assis]], Brazilian author (d.[[1908]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. House style is to repeat dates, not use second-level bullet points. --> * [[July 8]] - [[John D. Rockefeller|John Davison Rockefeller]], American industrialist and philanthropist (d. [[1937]]) * [[July 17]] - [[Ephraim Shay]], inventor of the [[Shay locomotive]] (d. [[1916]]) * [[November 20]] - [[Christian Wilberg]], German painter (d. [[1882]]) * [[December 5]] - [[George Armstrong Custer]], American cavalry officer (d. [[1876]]) * [[December 12]] - [[Caroline Ingalls|Caroline Lake Ingalls, née Quiner]], mother of author [[Laura Ingalls Wilder]] (d. [[April 20]], [[1924]]) ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, for date-format preferences. House style is to repeat dates, not use second-level bullet points. --> * [[February 7]] - [[Karl August Nicander]], Swedish poet (b. [[1799]]) * [[March 2]] - [[Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte]], niece of Napoleon I of France (b. [[1802]]) * [[April 1]] - [[Benjamin Pierce (governor)|Benjamin Pierce]], U.S. politician (b. [[1757]]) * [[April 2]] - [[Hezekiah Niles]], American editor and publisher (b. [[1777]]) * [[April 4]] - [[Kaahumanu II]], queen of Hawaii * [[April 11]] - [[John Galt (novelist)|John Galt]], Scottish novelist (b. [[1779]]) * [[April 22]] - [[Denis Davydov]], Russian general and poet (b. [[1784]]) * [[May 17]] - [[Archibald Alison (Scottish author)|Archibald Alison]], Scottish author (b. [[1757]]) ===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS --> * [[July 8]] - [[Fernando Sor]], Spanish composer (b. [[1778]]) * [[July 15]] - [[Winthrop Mackworth Praed]], English politician and poet (b. [[1802]]) * [[August 10]] - [[John St Aubyn]], British fossil collector (b. [[1758]]) * [[August 22]] - [[Benjamin Lundy]], American abolitionist (b. [[1789]]) * [[August 28]] - [[William Smith (geologist)|William Smith]], English geologist and cartographer (b. [[1769]]) * [[October]] - [[William Light]], British Army colonel and the first Surveyor-General of [[South Australia]] (b. [[1786]]) * [[November 15]] - [[William Murdoch]], Scottish inventor (b. [[1754]]) * [[December 3]] - [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Frederick VI]], King of Denmark, ex-King of Norway (b. [[1768]]) * [[December 15]] - [[Ignaz Aurelius Fessler]], court councillor and minister to Alexander I (b. 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