1840
34699
224860831
2008-07-10T19:07:16Z
87.48.76.65
/* January - June */
{{year nav|1840}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1840''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCXL]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Monday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1840 ==
=== January - June ===
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[[Image:Awful conflagration of the steam boat Lexington.jpg|thumb|right|230px| [[January 13]]: Steamship ''Lexington'' sinks.]]
* [[January 3]] - One of the predecessor papers of the ''[[Herald Sun]]'' of [[Melbourne, Australia]], ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded.
* [[January 10]] - Uniform penny postage introduced in the UK.
* [[January 13]] - The steamship [[Steamship Lexington|''Lexington'']] burns and sinks in icy waters, four miles off the coast of [[Long Island]]: 139 died, only 4 survived.
* [[January 19]] - Captain [[Charles Wilkes]] circumnavigates [[Antarctica]], claiming what became known as [[Wilkes Land]] for the [[United States]].
* [[January 20]]
**[[Dumont D'Urville]] discovers [[Adélie Land]], [[Antarctica]].
**The first public school is established in Rockingham County
* [[January 22]] - [[United Kingdom|British]] colonists reach [[New Zealand]]. Official founding date of [[Wellington]].
* February - [[Rhodes blood libel]] against the [[Jew]]s of [[Rhodes]].
* [[February 5]] - The murder of a Capuchin friar and his Greek servant leads to the [[Damascus affair]], a highly publicized case of [[blood libel against the Jews]] of [[Damascus]].
* [[February 6]] - [[Treaty of Waitangi]], document granting British sovereignty in [[New Zealand]], is signed.
* [[February 10]] - Queen [[Victoria of the United Kingdom]] marries [[Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg-Gotha]].
* [[February 11]] - [[Gaetano Donizetti]]'s opera ''La Fille du Regiment'' premieres in [[Paris]].
* [[March 1]]
**[[William Hobson]], first Governor of [[New Zealand]], suffer a stroke.
**[[Adolphe Thiers]] becomes prime minister of [[France]].
* [[April 15]] - [[King's College Hospital]] opens in Portugal Street, London.
* [[May 1]] - [[United Kingdom|Britain]] issues the [[Penny Black]], world's first [[postage stamp]].
* [[May 6]] - The [[Penny Black]], world's first [[postage stamp]] becomes valid for the pre-payment of postage.
* [[May 7]] - The [[Great Natchez Tornado]]: A massive tornado strikes [[Natchez, Mississippi]] during the early afternoon hours. Before it was over, 317 people had lost their lives and 109 were injured. It is the second deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
* [[May 21]] - New Zealand is declared a British colony.
=== July - December ===
[[Image:RMS Britannia 1840 paddlewheel.jpg |thumb|210px|right| [[July 4]]: [[RMS Britannia|RMS ''Britannia'']].]]
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* [[July 4]] - The [[Cunard Line]]'s 700-[[ton]] wooden paddlewheel steamer [[RMS Britannia|RMS ''Britannia'']] departs from [[Liverpool]] bound for [[City of Halifax|Halifax]] , [[Nova Scotia]] on the first transatlantic passenger cruise.
* [[July 15]] - [[Austria]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Prussia]], and [[Russia]] sign a London Treaty with the [[Sublime Porte]], ruler of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[July 23]] - The [[Province of Canada]] is created by the [[Act of Union (1840)|Act of Union]].
* [[August 10]] - [[Fortsas hoax]] - number of book [[Collecting|collector]]s gather to [[Binche]], [[Belgium]] to attend a non-existent book auction of the late "Count of Fortsas"
* [[September 10]] - Ottoman and British troops bombard [[Beirut]] and land troops on the coast to pressure [[Egypt]]ian Muhammad Ali to retreat from the country.
* [[September 16]] - [[Joseph Strutt (philanthropist)|Joseph Strutt]] handed over the deeds and papers concerning the [[Derby Arboretum|Arboretum]], which was to become England's first public park.
* [[September 30]] - The frigate [[French ship Belle Poule (1828)|''Belle-Poule'']] arrives in Cherbourg, bringing back the remains of [[Napoléon]] from [[Saint Helena]] to [[France]]. He is buried in the [[Invalides]].
* [[October 7]] - [[William II of the Netherlands|Willem II]] becomes King of the [[Netherlands]].
* [[November 7]] - [[William Henry Harrison]] defeats [[Martin Van Buren]] in the [[U.S. presidential election, 1840|U.S. presidential election]].
* [[December 7]] - [[David Livingstone]] leaves Britain for Africa.
* [[December 7]] - [[Stockport Viaduct]] (located in [[Greater Manchester]], [[England]]) was completed in this year. It is the largest brick structure in Western [[Europe]].
===Undated===
[[Image:Belle-poule-napoleon-couleur.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The frigate Belle-Poule brings back the remains of Napoléon to France.]]
* [[Louis Agassiz]] publishes his work in two volumes entitled ''Etudes sur les glaciers'' ("Study on Glaciers"), the first major work to scientifically propose that the Earth has been subject to a past [[ice age]].
* [[Peter II of Brazil|Pedro II]] is declared "of age" prematurely and begins to reassert central control in [[Brazil]].
* [[Mount Allison University]] is founded in [[Sackville, New Brunswick]], [[Canada]].
* [[Washingtonian Temperance Society]] is founded.
* First English translation of Goethe's [[Theory of Colours]] by [[Charles Lock Eastlake|Charles Eastlake]] published.
*[[Frederick William IV]] starts to rule in [[Prussia]].
===Ongoing events===
* [[First Opium War]] ([[1839]]-[[1842]])
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|Japanese=[[Tenpo|Tenpō]] 10 – 11}}
===January - June===
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* [[January 3]] - [[Father Damien]], Belgian missionary priest (d. [[1889]])
* [[January 22]] - [[Ernest Roland Wilberforce]], English bishop (d. [[1907]])
* [[January 23]] - [[Ernst Abbe]], German physicist (d. [[1905]])
* [[January 26]] - [[John Clayton Adams]], British landscape artist (d. [[1906]])
* [[February 4]] - [[Hiram Stevens Maxim]], American firearms inventor (d. [[1916]])
* [[February 5]] - [[John Boyd Dunlop]], Scottish inventor (d. [[1921]])
* [[February 21]] - [[Murad V]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1904]])
* [[February 22]] - [[August Bebel]], German politician (d. [[1913]])
* [[February 23]] - [[Carl Menger]], Austrian economist (d. [[1921]])
* [[February 29]] - [[John Philip Holland]], Irish inventor (d. [[1914]])
* [[March 28]] - [[Emin Pasha]], German doctor and African administrator (d. [[1892]])
* [[April 2]] - [[Emile Zola]], French writer (d. [[1902]])
* [[April 22]] - [[Odilon Redon]], French painter (d. [[1916]])
* [[April 27]] - [[Edward Whymper]], English mountaineer (d. [[1911]])
* [[May 7]] - [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], Russian composer (d. [[1893]])
* [[May 13]] - [[Alphonse Daudet]], French writer (d. [[1897]])
* [[June 2]] - [[Thomas Hardy]], English writer (d. [[1928]])
* [[June 10]] - [[Theodor Philipsen]] Danish painter (d. [[1920]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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* [[August 4]] - [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]], German sexologist (d. [[1902]])
* [[October 9]] - [[Simeon Solomon]], British artist (d. [[1905]])
* [[October 16]] - [[Kuroda Kiyotaka]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1900]])
* [[November 12]] - [[Auguste Rodin]], French sculptor (d. [[1917]])
* [[November 14]] - [[Claude Monet]], French painter (d. [[1926]])
* [[November 21]] - [[Victoria, Princess Royal and Empress Frederick|Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom and Empress of Germany]] (d. [[1901]])
* [[November 29]] - [[Rhoda Broughton]], Welsh writer (d. [[1920]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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* [[January 6]] - [[Fanny Burney]], English novelist (b. [[1752]])
* [[January 22]] - [[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach]], German anthropologist (b. [[1752]])
* [[February 13]] - [[Nicolas Joseph Maison]], French marshal and Minister of War (b. [[1770]])
* [[April 25]] - [[Simeon Poisson|Siméon-Denis Poisson]], French mathematician, geometer, and physicist (b. [[1781]])
* [[May 1]] - Joseph Williamson, philanthropist and builder of [[Williamson's tunnels]] (b. [[1769]])
* [[May 6]] - [[Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin]], Russian aristocrat and priest (b. [[1770]])
* [[May 7]] - [[Caspar David Friedrich]], German artist (b. [[1774]])
* [[May 11]] - [[Thomas Cooper (US politician)|Thomas Cooper]], American political philosopher (b. [[1759]])
* [[May 26]] - [[William Sidney Smith|Sidney Smith]], British admiral (b. [[1764]])
* [[May 27]] - [[Niccolò Paganini|Nicolò Paganini]], Italian violinist and composer (b. [[1782]])
* [[June 7]] - King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]] (b. [[1770]])
===July - December===
* [[July 7]] - [[Nikolai Stankevich]], philosopher and poet (b. [[1813]])
* [[August 25]] - [[Karl Leberecht Immermann]], novelist and dramatist (b. [[1796]])
* [[September 11]] - [[Jean-Gabriel Perboyre]], Catholic missionary and martyr in China
* [[September 14]] - [[Joseph Smith, Sr.]], father of [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]].
* [[September 18]] - [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]], polymath (b. [[1783]])
* [[September 20]] - [[José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia]], first leader of independent Paraguay (b. [[1766]])
* [[November 2]] - [[Józef Kossakowski (colonel)]], Polish-Lithuanian statesman (b. [[1771]])
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