1851
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{{year nav|1851}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
'''1851''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]]
<ref>
"Calendar in year 1851 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage:
[http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1851&country=20 Julian-1851]
(Russia used the Julian calendar until [[1919]]).
</ref>
of the 12-day-slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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==Events of 1851==
===January - June===
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[[Image:Crystal Palace from the northeast from Dickinson's Comprehensive Pictures of the Great Exhibition of 1851. 1854.jpg|thumb|230px| [[May 1]]: Great Exhibition in Hyde Park]]
* [[January 11]] - [[Taiping Rebellion]]: [[Hong Xiuquan]] officially begins the Taiping Rebellion.
* [[January 23]] - The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in the [[Oregon Territory]] is named after [[Boston, Massachusetts]], or [[Portland, Maine]], with [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] winning.
*[[February 12]] - [[Edward Hargraves]] claims to have found [[gold]] in [[Australia]].
* [[March 1]] - [[Victor Hugo]] uses the phrase [[United States of Europe]] in a speech to the [[France|French]] national assembly.
* [[March 11]] - [[Giuseppe Verdi|Giuseppe Verdi's]] opera Rigoletto is first performed at [[La Fenice]] in [[Venice]].
* [[March 27]] - First reported case of white men seeing [[Yosemite Valley]].
* [[March 30]] - A population [[census]] is taken in the [[United Kingdom]].
* [[April 28]] - [[Santa Clara University|Santa Clara College]] is chartered in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], [[California]].
* [[May 1]] - The ''[[Great Exhibition]] of the Works of Industry of All Nations'' in [[the Crystal Palace]], [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], [[London]] is opened by [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. It runs until [[October 18]].
* [[May 15]]
**[[Alpha Delta Pi]] Sorority, the first secret society for women, founded at [[Wesleyan College]] in [[Macon, Georgia]].
**[[Ramai IV of Thailand|Rama IV]] is crowned King of [[Thailand]].
===July - September===
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[[Image:King Mongkut portrait.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[May 15]]: [[Ramai IV of Thailand|Rama IV]] crowned.]]
* July - [[Immortal game|The immortal game]], a famous [[chess]] game, is played.
* [[July 1]]
**Colony of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] separates from [[New South Wales]].
**Serial poisoner [[Helene Jegado]] is arrested in [[Rennes]], [[France]]
* [[July 10]] - [[University of the Pacific (United States)|University of the Pacific]] is chartered as California Wesleyan College in [[Santa Clara, California]]
* [[July 29]] - [[Annibale de Gasparis]], in [[Naples]], [[Italy]] discovers asteroid [[15 Eunomia]].
* [[August 1]] - [[Virginia]] closes its Reform Constitutional Convention deciding that all white men have the right to vote.
* [[August 5]] - [[Mount Pelee]] erupts and kills 30 people.
* [[August 22]] - The yacht ''[[America (yacht)|America]]'' wins the first [[America's Cup]] race.
* [[September 15]] - [[Saint Joseph's University]] is founded in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]].
* [[September 18]] - ''[[The New York Times]]'' is founded.
* [[September 30]] - The ''Fregatten Eugenies'' (or the Frigate Eugenie) left from [[Karlskrona]], [[Sweden]] to begin its voyage as the first [[Swedish Royal Navy]] vessel to circumnavigate the world.
===October - December===
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[[Image:The New York Times.svg|thumb|225|right| [[September 18]]: [[The New York Times|NYT]] is founded.]]
* October - [[Reuters]] [[News agency|news service]] founded.
* [[October 18]] - The Great Exhibition in London is closed.
* [[October 24]] - [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]] and [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbriel]], [[natural satellite|moon]]s of [[Uranus (planet)|Uranus]], discovered by [[William Lassell]].
* [[November 13]] - The [[Denny Party]] lands at [[Alki, Seattle, Washington|Alki Point]], the first settlers of what will become [[Seattle, Washington]].
* [[November 14]] - [[Herman Melville]]'s novel ''[[Moby-Dick]]; or The Whale'' is published in the U.S. by [[Harper & Brothers]], [[New York]] - after it was first published, on [[October 18]] in [[London]] by [[Richard Bentley]], in 3 volumes as ''The Whale''.
* [[December 2]] - [[Louis Napoleon]], president of France, dissolves [[French National Assembly]] and declares a new constitution to extend his term. Later he declares himself as an emperor [[Napoleon III]]. End of the [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]].
* [[December 6]] - Trial of [[Helene Jegado]] begins; she is eventually sentenced to death and executed by [[guillotine]].
* [[December 9]] - The first [[YMCA]] ([[1844]]) in [[North America]] is established in [[Montreal, Quebec]].
* [[December 24]] - The [[Library of Congress]] burns.
* [[December 26]]-[[December 27|27]] - [[Royal Navy]] warship bombards [[Lagos]] island; [[Oba (king)|Oba]] [[Kosoko]] is wounded and flees to [[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]].
* [[December 29]] - The first [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] [[YMCA]] opens (in [[Massachusetts]]).
===Undated===
* [[Scotch College]] in [[Melbourne]] is founded.
* [[Northwestern University]] is founded.
* [[St. Paul's College, Hong Kong]] is founded.
* [[Macy's]] [[department store]] founded by R.H. Macy.
* [[Western Union]] is founded.
*Almost 21 million population in [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]].
*6.3 million people live in cities of 20,000 or more in [[England]] and [[Wales]]. Cities of 20,000 or more account for 35% of the total English population.
===Ongoing events===
* [[New Zealand land wars]] (1845-1872)
* [[Taiping Rebellion]] (1851-[[1864]])
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Kaei]] 3 – 4}}
===January - June===
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*[[January 17]] - [[A. B. Frost]], American illustrator (d. [[1928]])
*[[January 19]] - [[Jacobus Kapteyn]], Dutch astronomer (d. [[1922]])
*[[February 8]] - [[Kate Chopin]], American writer (d. [[1904]])
*[[March 19]] - [[William Henry Stark]], Business Leader (d. [[1936]])
*[[March 27]] - [[Vincent d'Indy]], French composer and teacher (d. [[1931]])
*[[March 28]] - [[Bernardino Machado]], Portuguese President (d. [[1944]])
*[[April 13]] - [[Robert Abbe]], American surgeon (d. [[1928]])
*[[April 20]] - [[Tom Morris, Jr.|Young Tom Morris]], Scottish golfer (d. [[1875]])
*[[April 21]] - [[Charles Barrois]], French geologist (d. [[1939]])
*[[May 6]] - [[Aristide Bruant]], French cabaret singer and comedian (d. [[1925]])
*[[May 20]] - [[Emil Berliner]], telephone and recording pioneer (d. [[1929]])
*[[May 21]] - [[Léon Bourgeois]], French statesman, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1925]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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*[[June 16]] - [[Georg Jellinek]], German legal philosopher(d. [[1911]])
*[[July 15]] - [[Eduardo Gutiérrez]], Argentinian author (d. [[1889]])
*[[July 20]] - [[Arnold Pick]], Czechoslovakian neurologist and psychiatrist (d. [[1924]])
*[[July 24]] - [[Friedrich Schottky]], German mathematician (d. [[1935]])
*[[August 14]] - [[Doc Holliday]], American gambler and gunfighter (d. [[1887]])
*[[September 7]] - [[David King Udall]], American politician (d. [[1938]])
*[[October 2]] - [[Ferdinand Foch]], French commander of allied forces in World War I (d. [[1929]])
*[[October 20]] - [[George Gandy]], American entrepreneur (d. [[1946]])
*[[December 20]] - [[Dora Montefiore]], English suffragist and socialist (d. [[1933]])
*[[December 30]] - [[Asa Griggs Candler]], American businessman and politician (d. [[1929]])
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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*[[January 10]] - [[Karl Freiherr von Müffling]], Prussian field marshal (b. [[1775]])
*[[January 19]] - [[Esteban Echeverría]], Argentine poet and writer (b. [[1805]])
*[[January 23]] - [[Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny]], Scottish politician (b. [[1809]])
*[[January 27]] - [[John James Audubon]], French-American naturalist and illustrator (b. [[1785]])
*[[January 31]] - [[David Spangler Kaufman]], Congressman from Texas (b. [[1813]])
*[[February 1]] - [[Mary Shelley]], English author (b. [[1797]])
*[[February 18]] - [[Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi]], German mathematician (b. [[1804]])
*[[February 23]] - [[Joanna Baillie]], Scottish poetess and dramatist (b. [[1762]])
*[[February 28]] - [[Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie]], [[Marshal of France]] (b. [[1775]])
*[[March 9]] - [[Hans Christian Ørsted]], Danish scientist (b. [[1777]])
*[[May 13]] - [[Princess Augusta of Bavaria]], Duchess of Leuchtenberg (b. [[1788]])
*[[May 22]] - [[Mordecai Manuel Noah]], American writer, journalist (b. [[1785]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
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*[[July 17]] - [[Roger Sheaffe]], British General
*[[August 8]] - [[James Shudi Broadwood]], piano manufacturer (b. [[1772]])
*[[September 10]] - [[Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet]], American educator (b. [[1787]])
*[[September 11]] - [[Sylvester Graham]], American nutritionist and inventor (b. [[1794]])
*[[September 14]] - [[James Fenimore Cooper]], American writer (b. [[1789]])
*[[October 4]] - [[Manuel de Godoy]], Spanish statesman (b. [[1767]])
*[[October 19]] - [[Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte|Marie Thérèse Charlotte]] (b. [[1778]])
*[[November 26]] - [[Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult]], French marshal and politician (b. [[1769]])
*[[December 19]] - [[Joseph Mallord William Turner]], English artist (b. [[1775]])
*''date unknown'' - [[John Brown Russwurm]], Abolitionist (b. [[1799]])
{{commonscat}}
==Notes==
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