1851 35014 224836328 2008-07-10T17:09:23Z Skoglund 609014 /* Undated */ {{year nav|1851}} {{C19YearInTopicX}} '''1851''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] <ref> "Calendar in year 1851 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: [http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1851&country=20 Julian-1851] (Russia used the Julian calendar until [[1919]]). </ref> of the 12-day-slower [[Julian calendar]]). <!-- 12-day span=Mon-Sat,Tue-Sun,Wed-Mon,Thu-Tue,Fr-We,Sa-Th,Sun-Fri --> ==Events of 1851== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, to allow date-format preferences. --> [[Image:Crystal Palace from the northeast from Dickinson's Comprehensive Pictures of the Great Exhibition of 1851. 1854.jpg|thumb|230px| [[May 1]]: Great Exhibition in Hyde Park]] * [[January 11]] - [[Taiping Rebellion]]: [[Hong Xiuquan]] officially begins the Taiping Rebellion. * [[January 23]] - The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in the [[Oregon Territory]] is named after [[Boston, Massachusetts]], or [[Portland, Maine]], with [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] winning. *[[February 12]] - [[Edward Hargraves]] claims to have found [[gold]] in [[Australia]]. * [[March 1]] - [[Victor Hugo]] uses the phrase [[United States of Europe]] in a speech to the [[France|French]] national assembly. * [[March 11]] - [[Giuseppe Verdi|Giuseppe Verdi's]] opera Rigoletto is first performed at [[La Fenice]] in [[Venice]]. * [[March 27]] - First reported case of white men seeing [[Yosemite Valley]]. * [[March 30]] - A population [[census]] is taken in the [[United Kingdom]]. * [[April 28]] - [[Santa Clara University|Santa Clara College]] is chartered in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]], [[California]]. * [[May 1]] - The ''[[Great Exhibition]] of the Works of Industry of All Nations'' in [[the Crystal Palace]], [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], [[London]] is opened by [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]. It runs until [[October 18]]. * [[May 15]] **[[Alpha Delta Pi]] Sorority, the first secret society for women, founded at [[Wesleyan College]] in [[Macon, Georgia]]. **[[Ramai IV of Thailand|Rama IV]] is crowned King of [[Thailand]]. ===July - September=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, to allow date-format preferences. --> [[Image:King Mongkut portrait.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[May 15]]: [[Ramai IV of Thailand|Rama IV]] crowned.]] * July - [[Immortal game|The immortal game]], a famous [[chess]] game, is played. * [[July 1]] **Colony of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] separates from [[New South Wales]]. **Serial poisoner [[Helene Jegado]] is arrested in [[Rennes]], [[France]] * [[July 10]] - [[University of the Pacific (United States)|University of the Pacific]] is chartered as California Wesleyan College in [[Santa Clara, California]] * [[July 29]] - [[Annibale de Gasparis]], in [[Naples]], [[Italy]] discovers asteroid [[15 Eunomia]]. * [[August 1]] - [[Virginia]] closes its Reform Constitutional Convention deciding that all white men have the right to vote. * [[August 5]] - [[Mount Pelee]] erupts and kills 30 people. * [[August 22]] - The yacht ''[[America (yacht)|America]]'' wins the first [[America's Cup]] race. * [[September 15]] - [[Saint Joseph's University]] is founded in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. * [[September 18]] - ''[[The New York Times]]'' is founded. * [[September 30]] - The ''Fregatten Eugenies'' (or the Frigate Eugenie) left from [[Karlskrona]], [[Sweden]] to begin its voyage as the first [[Swedish Royal Navy]] vessel to circumnavigate the world. ===October - December=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, to allow date-format preferences. --> [[Image:The New York Times.svg|thumb|225|right| [[September 18]]: [[The New York Times|NYT]] is founded.]] * October - [[Reuters]] [[News agency|news service]] founded. * [[October 18]] - The Great Exhibition in London is closed. * [[October 24]] - [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]] and [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbriel]], [[natural satellite|moon]]s of [[Uranus (planet)|Uranus]], discovered by [[William Lassell]]. * [[November 13]] - The [[Denny Party]] lands at [[Alki, Seattle, Washington|Alki Point]], the first settlers of what will become [[Seattle, Washington]]. * [[November 14]] - [[Herman Melville]]'s novel ''[[Moby-Dick]]; or The Whale'' is published in the U.S. by [[Harper & Brothers]], [[New York]] - after it was first published, on [[October 18]] in [[London]] by [[Richard Bentley]], in 3 volumes as ''The Whale''. * [[December 2]] - [[Louis Napoleon]], president of France, dissolves [[French National Assembly]] and declares a new constitution to extend his term. Later he declares himself as an emperor [[Napoleon III]]. End of the [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]]. * [[December 6]] - Trial of [[Helene Jegado]] begins; she is eventually sentenced to death and executed by [[guillotine]]. * [[December 9]] - The first [[YMCA]] ([[1844]]) in [[North America]] is established in [[Montreal, Quebec]]. * [[December 24]] - The [[Library of Congress]] burns. * [[December 26]]-[[December 27|27]] - [[Royal Navy]] warship bombards [[Lagos]] island; [[Oba (king)|Oba]] [[Kosoko]] is wounded and flees to [[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]]. * [[December 29]] - The first [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] [[YMCA]] opens (in [[Massachusetts]]). ===Undated=== * [[Scotch College]] in [[Melbourne]] is founded. * [[Northwestern University]] is founded. * [[St. Paul's College, Hong Kong]] is founded. * [[Macy's]] [[department store]] founded by R.H. Macy. * [[Western Union]] is founded. *Almost 21 million population in [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]]. *6.3 million people live in cities of 20,000 or more in [[England]] and [[Wales]]. Cities of 20,000 or more account for 35% of the total English population. ===Ongoing events=== * [[New Zealand land wars]] (1845-1872) * [[Taiping Rebellion]] (1851-[[1864]]) ==Births== {{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Kaei]] 3 &ndash; 4}} ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, to allow date-format preferences. --> *[[January 17]] - [[A. B. Frost]], American illustrator (d. [[1928]]) *[[January 19]] - [[Jacobus Kapteyn]], Dutch astronomer (d. [[1922]]) *[[February 8]] - [[Kate Chopin]], American writer (d. [[1904]]) *[[March 19]] - [[William Henry Stark]], Business Leader (d. [[1936]]) *[[March 27]] - [[Vincent d'Indy]], French composer and teacher (d. [[1931]]) *[[March 28]] - [[Bernardino Machado]], Portuguese President (d. [[1944]]) *[[April 13]] - [[Robert Abbe]], American surgeon (d. [[1928]]) *[[April 20]] - [[Tom Morris, Jr.|Young Tom Morris]], Scottish golfer (d. [[1875]]) *[[April 21]] - [[Charles Barrois]], French geologist (d. [[1939]]) *[[May 6]] - [[Aristide Bruant]], French cabaret singer and comedian (d. [[1925]]) *[[May 20]] - [[Emil Berliner]], telephone and recording pioneer (d. [[1929]]) *[[May 21]] - [[Léon Bourgeois]], French statesman, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1925]]) ===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, to allow date-format preferences. --> *[[June 16]] - [[Georg Jellinek]], German legal philosopher(d. [[1911]]) *[[July 15]] - [[Eduardo Gutiérrez]], Argentinian author (d. [[1889]]) *[[July 20]] - [[Arnold Pick]], Czechoslovakian neurologist and psychiatrist (d. [[1924]]) *[[July 24]] - [[Friedrich Schottky]], German mathematician (d. [[1935]]) *[[August 14]] - [[Doc Holliday]], American gambler and gunfighter (d. [[1887]]) *[[September 7]] - [[David King Udall]], American politician (d. [[1938]]) *[[October 2]] - [[Ferdinand Foch]], French commander of allied forces in World War I (d. [[1929]]) *[[October 20]] - [[George Gandy]], American entrepreneur (d. [[1946]]) *[[December 20]] - [[Dora Montefiore]], English suffragist and socialist (d. [[1933]]) *[[December 30]] - [[Asa Griggs Candler]], American businessman and politician (d. [[1929]]) ==Deaths== ===January - June=== <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, to allow date-format preferences. --> *[[January 10]] - [[Karl Freiherr von Müffling]], Prussian field marshal (b. [[1775]]) *[[January 19]] - [[Esteban Echeverría]], Argentine poet and writer (b. [[1805]]) *[[January 23]] - [[Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny]], Scottish politician (b. [[1809]]) *[[January 27]] - [[John James Audubon]], French-American naturalist and illustrator (b. [[1785]]) *[[January 31]] - [[David Spangler Kaufman]], Congressman from Texas (b. [[1813]]) *[[February 1]] - [[Mary Shelley]], English author (b. [[1797]]) *[[February 18]] - [[Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi]], German mathematician (b. [[1804]]) *[[February 23]] - [[Joanna Baillie]], Scottish poetess and dramatist (b. [[1762]]) *[[February 28]] - [[Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie]], [[Marshal of France]] (b. [[1775]]) *[[March 9]] - [[Hans Christian Ørsted]], Danish scientist (b. [[1777]]) *[[May 13]] - [[Princess Augusta of Bavaria]], Duchess of Leuchtenberg (b. [[1788]]) *[[May 22]] - [[Mordecai Manuel Noah]], American writer, journalist (b. [[1785]]) ===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS --> <!-- Link all dates, even if repeated, to allow date-format preferences. --> *[[July 17]] - [[Roger Sheaffe]], British General *[[August 8]] - [[James Shudi Broadwood]], piano manufacturer (b. [[1772]]) *[[September 10]] - [[Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet]], American educator (b. [[1787]]) *[[September 11]] - [[Sylvester Graham]], American nutritionist and inventor (b. [[1794]]) *[[September 14]] - [[James Fenimore Cooper]], American writer (b. [[1789]]) *[[October 4]] - [[Manuel de Godoy]], Spanish statesman (b. [[1767]]) *[[October 19]] - [[Princess Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte|Marie Thérèse Charlotte]] (b. [[1778]]) *[[November 26]] - [[Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult]], French marshal and politician (b. [[1769]]) *[[December 19]] - [[Joseph Mallord William Turner]], English artist (b. [[1775]]) *''date unknown'' - [[John Brown Russwurm]], Abolitionist (b. [[1799]]) {{commonscat}} ==Notes== <references/> [[Category:1851| ]] [[af:1851]] [[am:1851 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:1851]] [[an:1851]] [[ast:1851]] [[az:1851]] [[bn:১৮৫১]] [[map-bms:1851]] [[be:1851]] [[be-x-old:1851]] [[bh:१८५१]] [[bs:1851]] [[br:1851]] [[bg:1851]] [[ca:1851]] [[cv:1851]] [[cs:1851]] [[co:1851]] [[cy:1851]] [[da:1851]] [[de:1851]] [[et:1851]] [[el:1851]] [[es:1851]] [[eo:1851]] [[eu:1851]] [[fr:1851]] [[fy:1851]] [[ga:1851]] [[gd:1851]] [[gl:1851]] [[ko:1851년]] [[hy:1851]] [[hi:1851]] [[hr:1851.]] [[io:1851]] [[bpy:মারি ১৮৫১]] [[id:1851]] [[ia:1851]] [[os:1851]] [[is:1851]] [[it:1851]] [[he:1851]] [[jv:1851]] [[ka:1851]] [[csb:1851]] [[sw:1851]] [[ht:1851 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[la:1851]] [[lb:1851]] [[lt:1851 m.]] [[hu:1851]] [[mk:1851]] [[mi:1851]] [[mr:इ.स. १८५१]] [[ms:1851]] [[nah:1851]] [[nl:1851]] [[new:ई सं १८५१]] [[ja:1851年]] [[nap:1851]] [[no:1851]] [[nn:1851]] [[nrm:1851]] [[nov:1851]] [[oc:1851]] [[uz:1851]] [[pi:१८५१]] [[nds:1851]] [[pl:1851]] [[pt:1851]] [[ksh:Joohr 1851]] [[ro:1851]] [[ru:1851 год]] [[se:1851]] [[sq:1851]] [[scn:1851]] [[simple:1851]] [[sk:1851]] [[sl:1851]] [[sr:1851]] [[su:1851]] [[fi:1851]] [[sv:1851]] [[tl:1851]] [[ta:1851]] [[tt:1851]] [[te:1851]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2394]] [[tg:1851]] [[tr:1851]] [[uk:1851]] [[vec:1851]] [[wa:1851]] [[zh-yue:1851年]] [[cbk-zam:1851]] [[bat-smg:1851]] [[zh:1851年]]