1873
34746
225185108
2008-07-12T09:58:09Z
87.48.76.65
/* January - June */
{{year nav|1873}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1873''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]] (or a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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== Events of 1873 ==
=== January - March ===
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* [[January 1]] - [[Japanese calendar|Japan adopted the use of the Gregorian calendar]].
* [[January 1]] - The [[California Penal Code]] came into effect.
* [[January 17]] - [[Indian Wars]]: First Battle of the Stronghold during the [[Modoc War]].
* [[February 11]] - [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Cortes Generales|Cortes]] deposes King [[Amadeo I of Spain|Amadeus I]] and proclaims the [[First Spanish Republic]].
* [[February 12]] - Former foreign minister [[Emilio Castelar]] becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic.
* [[February 20]] - The [[University of California]] opens its first [[medical school]] in [[San Francisco, California]].
* [[March 1]] - [[E. Remington and Sons]] of [[Ilion, New York]] start production of the first practical [[typewriter]].
* [[March 3]] - [[Censorship]]: The [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] enacts the [[Comstock Law]], making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
* [[March 4]] - [[President of the United States|President]] [[Ulysses S. Grant]] begins his second term.
* [[March 15]] - The [[Phi Sigma Kappa]] fraternity is founded at the [[University of Massachusetts]].
* [[March 22]] - Emancipation Day for [[Puerto Rico]], slaves are freed (with a few exceptions).
=== April - June ===
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* [[April 1]] - The [[United Kingdom|British]] steamer [[RMS Atlantic|RMS ''Atlantic'']] sinks off [[Nova Scotia]] killing 547.
* [[April 15]] - [[April 17|17]] - [[Indian Wars]]: Second Battle of the Stronghold.
*May - [[Henry Rose]] exhibits [[barbed wire]] at an [[Illinois]] county fair, which is taken up by [[Joseph Glidden]] and [[Jacob Haish]], who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
* [[May 9]] - ''Der Krach'': Vienna stock market crash heralds [[Long Depression]].
* [[May 23]]
**The [[Canada|Canadian]] Parliament establishes the [[North-West Mounted Police]] (which will be renamed the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] in 1920).
**First running of the [[Preakness Stakes]] horse race in [[Baltimore, Maryland]]
* [[May 28]]
**C. Laan brings order to the chaos created by the dockworker riots of [[Tripoli, Lebanon]].
**The city of [[Khiva]] falls to [[Imperial Russia]]n forces, under the command of General [[Konstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman]].
* [[June 4]] - [[Indian Wars]]: The [[Modoc War]] ends with the capture of [[Kintpuash|Captain Jack]].
* [[June 9]] - [[Alexandra Palace]] in [[London]] destroyed by fire only a fortnight after its opening.
=== July - September ===
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* [[July 1]] - [[Prince Edward Island]] joins the [[Canadian Confederation]].
* [[July 21]] - At [[Adair, Iowa]], [[Jesse James 1847|Jesse James]] and the [[James-Younger gang]] pull off the first successful [[train robbery]] in the [[United States|American]] West (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).
* [[August 4]] - [[Indian Wars]]: While protecting a [[railroad]] survey party in [[Montana]], the [[U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment|Seventh Cavalry]], under Lieutenant Colonel [[George Armstrong Custer]], clash for the first time with the [[Sioux]] (near the [[Tongue River (Montana)|Tongue River]]; only one man on each side is killed).
* [[August 12]] - A peace treaty is signed between [[Imperial Russia]] and the [[Khanate of Khiva]], making the khanate a Russian protectorate.
* [[September 16]] - [[Germany|German]] troops leave [[France]] upon completion of payment of indemnity for [[Franco-Prussian War]].
* [[September 17]] - The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later [[Ohio State University|The Ohio State University]], opens its doors with 25 students, including two women.
* [[September 18]] - [[New York, New York|New York]] stock market crash, triggering the [[panic of 1873]] (again part of the Long Depression).
* [[September 25]] - Classes begin at [[Drury University]].
=== October - December ===
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* [[October 6]] - Foundation of [[Co. Carlow Football Club]] [[Rugby union]] Club.
* [[November 6]] - Formation of the [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]] [[Rugby league]] Club.
* [[November 7]] - [[Alexander Mackenzie]] becomes [[Canada]]'s second [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]].
* [[November 17]] - From [[Pest (city)|Pest]], [[Buda]] and [[Óbuda]], [[Budapest]], Hungary's capital is formed.
* [[December 15]] - Women of [[Fredonia, New York|Fredonia]], [[New York]] march against the retail liquor dealers in town to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873-74. This led to the creation of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]].
* [[December 16]] - [[Heineken Brewery|Heineken]] [[brewery]] is founded in [[Amsterdam]], the [[Netherlands]].
* [[December 21]] - [[Francis Garnier]] is attacked outside of [[Hanoi]] by Black Flag mercenaries fighting for the Vietnamese.
=== Updated ===
* [[Toronto Argonauts]] are founded. The oldest pro sports team still playing in North America.
* [[Rangers F.C.]] are founded.
* The [[United Kingdom]] declares war against [[Ashanti|Ghana]]'s King Kofi KariKari, who was involved in the trading of [[slaves]]. The war ended by July and the British established the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast Colony]].
* [[Coors Brewing Company]] begins making [[beer]] in [[Golden, Colorado]].
* [[DDT]] first synthesized.
* Swedish arms company [[Bofors]] is incorporated.
* In [[Mexico]], [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]] to [[Mexico City]] railroad completed.
* [[St Mary's School (Calne)|St Mary's School, Calne]], founded.
* Royal Montreal Club in [[Montreal, Quebec]] is founded, becoming the first permanent [[golf]] club in [[North America]].
* Britain puts pressure on Sultan Barghash Sayyid who closes slave markets in [[Zanzibar]]
* [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] composes [[The Tempest (Tchaikovsky)|''The Tempest'']]
* Womans Temperance League organized by [[Eliza Daniel Stewart]]
* [[Central Park]] is officially completed in [[New York City]], [[New York]].
*Nine [[Pekin duck]]s were imported to [[Long Island]], the first Pekins in the United States.
* [http://www.guildofsun.com/Webnodes/en/Web/SUN/News/It+was+the+year+1873 Guild of SUN] was founded
== Births ==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 6}}
=== January - June ===
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* [[January 2]] - [[Saint Therese of Lisieux]], [[Catholic]] [[saint]] and [[mysticism|mystic]] (d. [[1897]])
* [[January 7]] - [[Adolph Zukor]], Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d. [[1976]])
* [[January 8]] - [[Iuliu Maniu]], Romanian politician (d. [[1953]])
* [[January 10]] - [[George Orton]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1958]])
* [[January 12]] - [[Spiridon Louis]], Greek runner (d. [[1940]])
* [[January 20]] - [[Johannes Vilhelm Jensen]], Danish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1950]])
* [[January 28]] - [[Colette]], French writer (d. [[1954]])
*[[January 30]] - [[Vasily Balabanov]], an administrator and Provincial [[Governor]] of [[Imperial Russia]] (d. [[1947]])
* [[February 2]] - [[Maurice Tourneur]], French film director (d. [[1961]])
* [[February 3]] - [[Karl Jatho]], German aviation pioneer (d. [[1933]])
* [[February 4]] - [[Etienne Desmarteau|Étienne Desmarteau]], Canadian athlete (d. [[1905]])
* [[February 13]] - [[Feodor Chaliapin]], Russian bass (d. [[1938]])
* [[February 15]] - [[Hans von Euler-Chelpin]], German-born chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1964]])
* [[February 25]] - [[Enrico Caruso]], Italian tenor (d. [[1921]])
* [[March 3]] - [[William Green (labor leader)|William Green]], American labor leader (d. [[1952]])
* [[March 11]] - [[David Horsley]], English-born film executive (d. [[1933]])
* [[March 19]] - [[Max Reger]], German composer (d. [[1916]])
*[[April 1]] ([[Gregorian calendar|N.S.]]); [[March 20]] ([[Julian calendar|O.S.]]) - [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]], Russian composer and pianist (d. [[1943]])
*[[April 7]] - [[John McGraw (baseball)|John McGraw]], baseball player and manager (d. [[1934]])
*[[April 10]] - [[Kyösti Kallio]], [[Prime Minister of Finland|Prime Minister]] and [[President of Finland]] (d. [[1940]])
*[[April 19]] - [[Sydney Barnes]], English cricketer (d. [[1967]])
*[[April 22]] - [[Ellen Glasgow]], American writer (d. [[1945]])
*[[May 4]] - [[Joe De Grasse]], Canadian film director (d. [[1940]])
*[[May 9]] - [[Anton Cermak]], Mayor of Chicago (d. [[1933]])
*[[May 17]]
**[[Henri Barbusse]], French novelist and journalist (d. [[1935]])
**[[Dorothy Richardson]], English feminist writer (d. [[1957]])
*[[May 28]] - [[D.D. Sheehan]], Irish politician (d. [[1948]])
*[[June 3]] - [[Otto Loewi]], German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1961]])
*[[June 26]] - [[Alexis Carrel]], French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1944]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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* [[July 1]] - [[Alice Guy-Blaché]], French-American filmmaker (d. [[1968]])
* [[July 20]] - [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]], Brazilian aviation pioneer (d. [[1932]])
* [[August 5]] - [[Joseph Russell Knowland]], American politician and newspaperman (d. [[1966]])
* [[August 13]] - [[Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven]]
* [[August 17]] - [[John A. Sampson]], American gynecologist (d. [[1946]])
* [[August 26]] - [[Lee De Forest]], American inventor (d. [[1961]])
* [[September 1]] - Sir [[Guy Standing]], British actor (d. [[1937]])
* [[September 5]] - [[Cornelius Vanderbilt III]], American military officer, inventor, engineer (d. [[1942]])
* [[September 8]] - [[David O. McKay]], president of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1970]])
* [[September 20]]
**[[Sidney Olcott]], pioneer film director (d. [[1949]])
**[[Ferenc Szisz]], Hungarian-born race car driver (d. [[1944]])
* [[September 21]] - [[Papa Jack Laine]], jazz musician (d. [[1966]])
* [[September 26]] - [[Wacław Berent]], Polish novelist and translator (d. [[1940]])
* [[October 2]] - [[Stephen Warfield Gambrill]], U.S. Congressman for Maryland's [[Maryland's 5th congressional district|5th District]]. (d. [[1924]])
* [[October 3]] - [[Emily Post]], American etiquette expert (d. [[1960]])
* [[October 9]] - [[Charles Rudolph Walgreen]], American businessman (d. [[1939]])
* [[October 14]] - [[Ray Ewry]], American athlete (d. [[1937]])
* [[October 19]]
**[[Jaap Eden]], Dutch skater and cyclist (d. [[1925]])
**[[Bart King|John Barton King]], American [[cricket]]er (d. [[1965]])
* [[October 26]]
**[[Thorvald Stauning]], [[Prime Minister of Denmark]] (d. [[1942]])
**[[A. K. Fazlul Huq]], Bengali statesman (d. [[1962]])
* [[November 16]] - [[W. C. Handy]], American blues composer (d. [[1958]])
*[[November 22]] - [[Johnny Tyldesley]], English cricketer (d. [[1930]])
* [[December 7]] - [[Willa Cather]], American novelist (d. [[1947]])
* [[December 11]] - [[Josip Plemelj]], Slovenian mathematician (d. [[1967]])
* [[December 17]] - [[Ford Madox Ford]], English writer (d. [[1939]])
* [[December 20]] - [[Kwan-Ichi Asakawa]], Japanese historian(d. [[1948]])
* [[December 26]] - [[Thomas Wass]], Nottinghamshire [[bowler (cricket)|bowler]] (d. [[1953]])
* [[December 30]] - [[Al Smith]], American politician (d. [[1944]])
*''date unknown''
**[[James Cousins]], Irish writer (d. [[1956]])
**[[Leon Frank Czolgosz]], assassin of U.S. President [[William McKinley]] (d. [[1901]])
**[[William Ernest Hocking]], American philosopher (d. [[1966]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1873 births]].''
== Deaths ==
=== January - June ===
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*[[January 9]] - [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]], last [[List of French monarchs|Emperor of the French]] (b. [[1808]])
*[[January 18]] - [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton|Edward George Bulwer-Lytton]], English writer (b. [[1803]])
*[[January 23]] - [[Jothi Ramalinga Swamigal]], Hindu religious leader (b. [[1823]])
*[[January 29]] - [[Basil Moreau|The Venerable Father Basil Anthony Marie Moreau]], Founder of the [[Congregation of Holy Cross]] (b. [[1799]])
*[[February 7]] - [[Sheridan Le Fanu]], Irish writer (b. [[1814]])
*[[February 19]] - [[Vasil Levski]], Bulgarian revolutionary (b. [[1837]])
*[[March 10]] - [[John Torrey]], American botanist (b. [[1796]])
*[[March 24]] - [[Mary Ann Cotton]], English [[serial killer]] (b.[[1832]])
*[[March 25]] - [[Wilhelm Marstrand]], Danish painter (b. [[1810]])
*[[April 11]] - [[Edward Canby]], U.S. general (b. [[1817]])
*[[April 18]] - [[Justus von Liebig]], German chemist (b. [[1803]])
*[[April 27]] - [[William Charles Macready]], English actor (b. [[1793]])
*[[May 4]] - [[David Livingstone]], Scottish explorer of Africa (b. [[1813]])
*[[May 6]] - [[José Antonio Páez]], first [[President of Venezuela]] (b. [[1790]])
*[[May 7]] - [[Salmon P. Chase]], [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (b.[[1808]])
*[[May 8]] - [[John Stuart Mill]], British philosopher (b. [[1806]])
*[[May 15]] - [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza]],First Romania's reigning (b. [[1820]])
*[[May 20]] - [[George-Étienne Cartier]], Canadian statesman (b. [[1814]])
*[[May 29]] - [[Edouard de Verneuil]], palaeontologist (b. [[1805]])
*[[June 1]] - [[Joseph Howe]], Canadian politician (b. [[1804]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
*[[August 18]] - [[Charles II, Duke of Brunswick]] (b. [[1804]])
*[[September 11]] - [[Augustín Fernández Muñoz, Duke of Riansares]], morganatic husband of [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies]]
*[[September 17]] - [[Alexander Berry]], Scottish adventurer and Australian pioneer (b. [[1781]])
*[[September 22]] - [[Friedrich Frey-Herosé]], Swiss Federal Councilor (b. [[1801]])
*[[September 23]] - [[Jean Chacornac]], French astronomer (b. [[1823]])
*[[October 9]] - [[George Ormerod]], English historian and antiquarian (b. [[1785]])
*[[December 14]] - [[Louis Agassiz]], Swiss-born geologist and naturalist (b. [[1807]])
{{commonscat}}
: ''See also [[:Category: 1873 deaths]].''
== Genealogical Resources ==
* [http://www.cefnpennar.com/1873index.htm 1873 Return of Owners of Land]
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