1876
34725
225741008
2008-07-15T04:41:11Z
Wjmummert
4797514
/* Undated */
{{year nav|1876}}
{{C19YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1876''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXXVI]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (or a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the 12-day slower [[Julian calendar]]).
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==Events of 1876==
===January - March===
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* [[January 31]] - The United States orders all Native Americans whatsoever move into closely guarded reservations.
* [[February 2]] - The [[National League|National League of Professional Baseball Clubs]] of [[Major League Baseball]] is formed.
* [[February 3]] - [[Paraguay]] makes peace with [[Argentina]] after the [[War of the Triple Alliance]].
* [[February 15]] - [[Texas]] ratifies its current constitution.
* [[February 22]] - [[Johns Hopkins University]] is founded in [[Baltimore, Maryland]].
* [[March 7]] - [[Alexander Graham Bell]] is granted a patent for an invention he calls the [[telephone]] (patent # 174,466).
* [[March 10]] - [[Alexander Graham Bell]] makes the first successful call by saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I want you."
===April - June===
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* [[April 16]] - [[Bulgarian]] [[April uprising]].
* [[May 1]] - [[Queen Victoria]] takes the title [[Empress of India]].
* [[May 1]] - [[Settle-Carlisle Railway]] in [[England]] is opened to passenger traffic.
*[[May 10]] - The [[Centennial Exposition]] begins in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]].
* [[May 11]] - [[May 12]] - Berlin Memorandum - Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary propose an armistice between Turkey and its [[insurgent]]s.
* [[May 16]] - British Prime Minister [[Benjamin Disraeli]] rejects the Berlin Memorandum.
* [[May 18]] - [[Wyatt Earp]] starts work in [[Dodge City, Kansas]], serving under [[Marshal]] Larry Deger.
* [[June 4]] - The [[Transcontinental Express]] arrives in [[San Francisco, California]] via the [[First Transcontinental Railroad (North America)|First Transcontinental Railroad]] 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left [[New York City]].
* [[June 17]] - [[Indian Wars]]: [[Battle of the Rosebud]] - 1,500 [[Sioux]] and [[Cheyenne]] led by [[Crazy Horse]] beat back General [[George Crook]]'s forces at Rosebud Creek in [[Montana Territory]].
* [[June 25]] - Indian Wars: [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]]. 300 men of the [[US 7th Cavalry Regiment]] under [[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[George Armstrong Custer]] wiped out by 5000 [[Lakota people|Lakota]], [[Cheyenne]] and [[Arapaho]] led by [[Sitting Bull]] and [[Crazy Horse]].
===July - September===
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[[Image:Punch - The Dogs of War.png|thumb|300px|right|''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' cartoon from [[June 17]]. [[Russia]] preparing to let slip the Balkan "Dogs of War" to attack [[Turkey]], while policeman [[John Bull]] ([[United Kingdom|Britain]]) warns Russia to take care. The Balkans would attack Turkey two weeks later.]]
* [[July 1]] - [[Serbia]] [[Declaration of war|declares war]] on [[Turkey]].
* [[July 2]] - [[Montenegro]] declares war on [[Turkey]].
* [[July 4]] - The [[United States]] celebrates its [[United States Centennial|centennial]].
* [[July 8]] - Reichstadt Agreement between Russia and Austria-Hungary on partitioning the Balkan peninsula.
*[[July 13]] - The prosecution of [[Arthur Tooth]], an [[Anglican]] [[clergyman]], for using [[Ritualism|ritualist]] practices begins.
* [[August 1]] - [[Colorado]] is admitted as the 38th [[U.S. state]].
* [[August 8]] - [[Thomas Edison]] receives a patent for his [[mimeograph]].
* [[August 31]] - [[Murat V]], [[List of Ottoman Sultans|sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] is deposed and succeeded by his brother [[Abdul Hamid II]].
* [[September 5]] - [[William Ewart Gladstone|Gladstone]] publishes ''Bulgarian Horrors'' pamphlet.
* [[September 7]] - In [[Northfield, Minnesota]], [[Jesse James 1847|Jesse James]] and the [[James-Younger Gang]] attempt to rob the town's bank but are surrounded by an angry mob and are nearly wiped out.
===October - December===
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* [[October 4]] - [[Texas A&M University]], opened for classes.
* [[October 31]] - Catastrophic [[cyclone]] strikes the east coast of [[India]]. 200,000 people lose their lives.
* [[November 2]] - A [[giant squid]], 6.1 meters long, washes ashore in [[Thimble Tickle Bay]] in [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]]
* [[November 7]] - The [[U.S. presidential election, 1876|U.S. presidential election]] is held. After long and heated disputes, [[Rutherford B. Hayes|Rutherford Birchard Hayes]] would be declared the winner over [[Samuel Jones Tilden]].
*[[November 10]] - The [[Centennial Exposition]] ends in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]].
* [[November 23]] - Corrupt [[Tammany Hall]] leader William Marcy Tweed (better known as [[Boss Tweed]]) is delivered to authorities in [[New York City]] after being captured in [[Spain]].
* [[November 25]] - [[Indian Wars]]: In retaliation for the dramatic [[United States|American]] defeat at the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]], [[United States Army]] troops under General [[Ranald S. Mackenzie]] sack [[Chief Dull Knife]]'s sleeping [[Cheyenne]] village at the headwaters of the [[Powder River (Montana)|Powder River]] (the soldiers destroyed all of the villager's winter food and clothing and then slashed their ponies' throats).
*[[November 29]] - [[Porfirio Díaz]] becomes President of [[Mexico]].
* [[December 5]] - A [[Brooklyn, New York]] theater fire kills more than 300.
* [[December 6]] - The first [[cremation]] in the [[United States]] took place in a crematory built by [[Francis Julius LeMoyne]].
* [[December 29]] - [[Ashtabula River Railroad Disaster|Ashtabula River Railroad bridge disaster]] occurs, leaving 92 dead.
===Undated===
* [[Charles Wells]] opens his [[brewery]] based in [[Bedford]], England.
* Lyford House, by [[Richardson Bay]], [[Tiburon, California]] is constructed
*Construction of [[Spandau Prison]] completed.
* Invention of the [[four-stroke cycle]] internal combustion engine by [[Nikolaus Otto]].
* [[Samurai]] are banned from carrying swords in [[Japan]].
* [[Harvard Lampoon]] founded.
* The [[Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland]] founded.
* [[Lars Magnus Ericsson]] and Carl Johan Andersson start a small mechanical workshop in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], dealing with [[telegraphy]] equipment, which grows into the world-wide company [[Ericsson]].
* [[Friends Academy]] is founded by Gideon Frost.
* [[The Adventures of Tom Sawyer]] first published.
* [[Adolphus Busch]]'s brewery, [[Anheuser Bush]], first markets [[Budweiser]], a [[pale lager]], as a nationally sold [[beer]].
==Births==
{{Year in other calendars|japanese=[[Meiji period|Meiji]] 9}}
===January - June===
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* [[January 5]] - [[Konrad Adenauer]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1967]])
* [[January 12]]
**[[Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari]], Italian composer (d. [[1948]])
**[[Jack London]], American author (d. [[1916]])
* [[January 20]] - [[Józef Hofmann]], Polish pianist (d. [[1967]])
* [[January 23]] - [[Otto Diels]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1954]])
* [[January 29]] - [[Havergal Brian]], British composer (d. [[1972]])
* [[February 12]] - [[Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama|Thubten Gyatso]], 13th [[Dalai Lama]] (d. [[1933]])
* [[February 16]]
**[[Mack Swain]], American actor (d. [[1935]])
**[[G.M. Trevelyan]], British historian (d. [[1962]])
* [[February 19]] - [[Constantin Brancusi]], Romanian sculptor (d. [[1957]])
* [[March 1]] - [[Henri de Baillet-Latour]], Belgian International Olympic Committee president (d. [[1942]])
* [[March 2]] - [[Pope Pius XII]] (d. [[1958]])
* [[March 4]]
**[[Léon-Paul Fargue]], French poet (d. [[1947]])
**[[Theodore Hardeen]], Magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d. [[1945]])
* [[March 11]] - [[Carl Ruggles]], American composer (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 21]] - [[John Tewksbury]], American athlete (d. [[1968]])
* [[March 26]] - [[William, Prince of Albania|Prince William of Wied]], sovereign Prince of Albania (d.[[1945]])
* [[March 31]] - [[Borisav Stanković|Borisav "Bora" Stanković]], [[Serbia]]n writer (d. [[1927]])
* [[April 3]] - [[Margaret Anglin]], stage actress, in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]]. (d. [[1958]])
* [[April 4]] - [[Maurice de Vlaminck]], French painter and poet (d. [[1958]])
* [[April 11]] - [[Paul Henry (painter)|Paul Henry]], Irish artist (d. [[1958]])
* [[April 22]] - [[Robert Bárány]], Hungarian physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1936]])
* [[May 10]] - [[Ivan Cankar]], Slovenian writer (d. [[1918]])
* [[May 18]] - [[Hermann Müller (politician)|Hermann Müller]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1931]])
* [[June 5]] - [[Tony Jackson]], American jazz musician (d. [[1920]])
* [[June 13]] - [[William Sealy Gosset]], English chemist (d. [[1937]])
===July - December=== <!-- BIRTHS -->
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*[[July 2]] - [[Wilhelm Cuno]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1933]])
*[[July 12]] - [[Max Jacob]], French poet (d. [[1944]])
*[[July 16]] - [[Alfred Stock]], German chemist (d. [[1946]])
* [[July 19]] - [[Joseph Fielding Smith (1876-1972)|Joseph Fielding Smith]], president of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[August 7]] - [[Mata Hari]], exotic dancer and spy (d. [[1917]])
*[[August 25]] - [[Eglantyne Jebb]], co-founder of the [[Save the Children Fund]] and champion of children's human rights (d. [[1928]])
* [[September 1]] - [[Harriet Shaw Weaver]], English political activist (d. [[1961]])
*[[September 6]] - [[John James Richard Macleod]], Scottish-born physician and physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1935]])
* [[September 15]] - [[Bruno Walter]], German conductor (d. [[1962]])
* [[September 16]] - [[Marvin Hart]], American boxer (d. [[1931]])
* [[September 18]] - [[James Scullin]], ninth [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1953]])
* [[September 26]] - [[Edith Abbott]], American social worker, educator, and author (d. [[1957]])
* [[October 13]] - [[Rube Waddell]], baseball player (d. [[1914]])
* [[November 2]] - [[William Haywood (architect)|William Haywood]], British architect (d. [[1957]])
* [[November 7]]
**[[Charlie Townsend]], English cricketer (d. [[1958]])
**[[Culbert Olson]], Governor of California (d. [[1962]])
* [[November 17]] - [[August Sander]], German photographer (d. [[1964]])
* [[November 23]] - [[Manuel de Falla]], Spanish composer (d. [[1946]])
* [[November 24]] - [[Walter Burley Griffin]], American architect (d. [[1937]])
* [[December 9]] - [[Berton Churchill]], Canadian actor (d. [[1940]])
* [[December 12]] - [[Alvin Kraenzlein]], American athlete (d. [[1928]])
* [[December 21]] - [[Jack Lang (Australia)|Jack Lang]], Australian politician (d. [[1975]])
* [[December 25]]
**[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], founder of Pakistan (d. [[1948]])
**[[Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1959]])
* [[December 29]] - [[Pablo Casals]], Catalan cellist (d. [[1973]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Alfred S. Alschuler]], American architect (d. [[1940]])
**[[Anton Boisen]], founder of [[Clinical Pastoral Education]] movement (d. [[1965]])
: ''See also [[:Category: 1876 births]].''
==Deaths==
===January - June===
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* [[January 3]] - [[Pierre Larousse]], grammarian (b. [[1817]])
* [[January 10]] - [[Gordon Granger]], American General (b. [[1822]])
* [[February 18]] - [[Charlotte Cushman]], American actress (b. [[1816]])
* [[April 9]] - [[Charles Goodyear (US politician)|Charles Goodyear]], American politician (b. [[1804]])
* [[May 7]] - [[William Buell Sprague]], American clergyman and author (b. [[1795]])
* [[May 8]] - [[Truganini]], last Tasmanian Aboriginal (b. c. 1812)
* [[May 24]] - [[Henry Kingsley]], English novelist (b. 1830)
* [[May 26]] - [[František Palacký]], Czech historian and politician (b. [[1798]])
* [[June 4]] - [[Abdülâziz]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (b. [[1830]])
* [[June 6]] - [[Auguste Casimir-Perier]], French diplomat (b. 1811)
* [[June 7]] - [[Josephine of Leuchtenberg]], Queen of Sweden and Norway (b. [[1807]])
* [[June 21]] - [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]], [[President of Mexico]] (b. [[1794]])
* [[June 25]] - [[George Armstrong Custer]], U.S. Army officer (killed in battle) (b. [[1839]])
===July - December=== <!-- DEATHS -->
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* [[July 1]] - [[Mikhail Bakunin]], Russian revolutionary and anarchist (b. 1814)
* [[August 2]] - [[Wild Bill Hickok]], American gunfighter and entertainer (b. [[1837]])
* [[October 1]] - [[James Lick]], American land baron (b. [[1796]])
*[[November 18]] - [[Narcisse Virgilio Díaz]], painter (b. [[1807]])
* [[December 29]] - [[Titus Salt]], businessman and philanthropist (b. 1803)
{{commonscat}}
: ''See also [[:Category: 1876 deaths]].''
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